Earth’s Atmosphere Earth’s Atmosphere and Oceansand Oceans

Properties of SeawaterProperties of Seawater

How do temperature and salinity vary with How do temperature and salinity vary with latitude?latitude?

Ocean densityOcean density

Ocean layering Ocean layering • Three-layered structureThree-layered structure

• Surface LayerSurface Layer• Different with Different LatitudesDifferent with Different Latitudes

• Transition zone Transition zone • Between surface layer and deep zone Between surface layer and deep zone • Thermocline and pycnocline Thermocline and pycnocline

• Deep zone Deep zone • Sunlight never reaches this zone Sunlight never reaches this zone • Temperatures are just a few degrees above freezing Temperatures are just a few degrees above freezing • Constant high-density water Constant high-density water

Layering in the OceanLayering in the Ocean

Coastal UpwellingCoastal Upwelling