Date post: | 05-Jan-2016 |
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Logic and Debate
Formulating Arguments and Improving Speaking Skills
What is Logic?
• Merriam Webster: “the science that studies the formal processes used in thinking and reasoning”
• Key Words– Science, studies– Formal – Thinking, reasoning
Informal Logic
• Used to assess and analyze arguments
• Process:– Identify claim/argument– Analyze support and evidence– Identify logical fallacies: break downs
and incorrect structuring of arguments and beliefs
Fact vs. Opinion
• Facts are more trustworthy than opinions• Facts can be checked• Use facts to support arguments• Opinions are not trustworthy• Avoid using opinions in arguments• Everyone has different opinions
Fact vs. Opinion
Activity:http://www.teachingandlearningresources.co.uk/factoropinion.shtml
Sequence of Events
• If sequence is not logical, it can cause confusion and inaccuracies
• Chronological order• Use transitions – Examples?• At first, then, suddenly,
next, after
Sequence of Events Activity
• http://www.quia.com/pp/1146.html?AP_rand=1740646461
Cause and Effect
• Shows relationships between events
• This happened because this happened
• Use transitions– Examples?
• Due to, because, therefore, consequently, so, since, because of, but
Cause and Effect
Activity: http://lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/students/fwalters/cause.html
Preparing for a Debate
1. Topic 2. Take a stand3. Research– Sources to support your argument– Sources should be credible and reliable
(facts not opinions)
4. Structure your argument
Structure of Argument
Claim/Argument
Reason
Reason Reason
Evidence
Evidence
Evidence
Evidence
Evidence
Evidence
Evidence
Evidence
Evidence
Speaking Skills
• Make note-cards– highlight key words for emphasis
• Look at the audience• Speak loudly, slowly, and clearly• Avoid mispronunciations and stutters– Shows lack of confidence, lack of vocabulary
knowledge
• Be aware of body movements– Distracting, shows nervousness or lack of
focus