Low Carbon /No-Carbon Energy Technologies for Environmental Sustainability Technologies for...

8/13/2019 Low Carbon /No-Carbon Energy Technologies for Environmental Sustainability Technologies for Enviroronment

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/low-carbon-no-carbon-energy-technologies-for-environmental-sustainability 1/32

Low Carbon /No-Carbon EnergyLow Carbon /No-Carbon Energy

Technologies for Environmental

Sustainabilit

Technologies for Environmental

Sustainabilit

Dr. V K Sethi ,Director – UIT, RGPV Bhopal



Three Contradictory Global Challenges

capacity - Terawatt Challenge

Climate Change- rising GHG level

Continued focus on coal basedgeneration



Climate Chan eClimate has change over the past century

- o . ,

Global sea level has risen 4-10 inches “The balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on

” ,

Climate is ex ected to continue to chan e in the future

– Projected temperature increase of 3.6oF by 2100 (1.8-6.3oF)

– Projected sea level rise of 20 inches by 2100 (6-38 inches)



Atmospheric Concentration of GHG increasing

•increased significantly since industrial revolution

– Carbon dioxide +30%; Methane +100%;Nitrousoxide +15%

– Greenhouse gas concentrations projected to reach

double pre-industrial levels by about 2060

• Many greenhouse gases remain in atmosphere for a

longtime (decades to centuries)



The Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change(IPCC) has confirmed:

The temperature of the earth’s surface has increased by. over t e past century.

It is ver likel more than 90˚ robabilit that most ofthis global warming was due to increased GHGs(greenhouse gases ), resulting from human activity.

Eleven of the last 12 years (1995-2006) were amongthe 12 warmest years on the instrumental record ofglobal surface temperature.

Mountain glaciers are receding and snow cover hasdeclined in both the hemis heres.



The Fourth Assessment Report of the

Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change(IPCC) has also confirmed:

have contributed to sea level rise. At continental re ional and oceans basin

scales, numerous long term changes in

climate have been observed.

during the 21st century. The extent of changewill be determined by how much more GHGs

. Best estimate regarding the future changes

in climate b 2099 for low scenario is 1.8”and for high scenario is 4.0” .



INDIAN POWER SECTOR JOINS TERA CLUB

1,43,311 MW …600 Billion kWh per annum TARGETTED CAPACITY ADDITION BY 2010

,

State & IPP 41,800 MW

NCES 10,700 MW Nuclear 6,400 MW

Total 105,400 MW

BY 2010 WE NEED TO GENERATE ANNULLY

…Over 1000 Bil lion kWh

GENERATING POWER SECTOR BY 2010



Tera-watt Challenge for synergy in Energy

A terawatt Challenge of 2010 for India

To give over one billion people in India the minimum Electrical Energythey need by 2010, we need to generate over 0.2 terra watt (oilequivalent to over 3 million barrels of oil per day) and 1 TW by2050,primarily through Advanced fossil fuel technologies like CCTs for limiting GHG emission levels

By 2020 our mix of generation would have the Peak inThermal, certainly it would be the Green ThermalPower:

Renewable & Hydro 104,000 MW

Nuclear 20,000 MW

,



Energy Security – Indian

AGENDA FOR THE ENERGY GENERATION SECTOR:

Increased use of Advanced Fossil Fuel.

Promote CCT in countries like India & China where

coal is main stay fuel for Power Generation. e uce mosp er c o u on rom nergyGenerating Systems.

Enhance productivity through Advanced Fossil

Fuel Technology. Adoption of Renewable Energy Technologies in



Energy for the Earth Planet- Non-CO2 Options

-

about 3TW, India - 0.12 TW) today to support 10billion world population. This is Equivalent to230

.

By 2050 it is projected to need about 35 TW. The

world would need about 20 TW of non-CO2 energyo s a ze n e a mosp ere y m

century.

Among the non-CO2 options , it is possible that

solar is the only one that can meet this Terawattchallenge and at the same time contribute to thereduction of climate change, with about 125,000TW of global incident sunlight.



Energy for the Earth Planet- Non-CO2 Options…Contd.

atmosphere during 21st century turn on theviabilit of CO2 se uestration. This im lies CO2

capture, storage and then pumping to aquifers,

to stay for millennia. In any case minimum 10 TW is needed within a

decade from Breeder Nuclear , Clean Coal

Technologies (CCTs) and Renewables.

Biomass CO2 sequestration could also meet this

challenge.



POWER SCENARIO IN INDIA

Installed capacity in Utilities as on April 07

… , ,

Thermal Installed Capacity…92,157 MW(Coal 80,618 MW, Gas 14,582 MW, Diesel 1202 MW + Others- cogen etc.)

Hydro Power …35, 909 MW

Nuclear Power … 4120 MW

… ,

Elect. Demand … 7to 8 %

Peak & Energy Shortage … 16.7% & 12.1%

o a energy genera on… on Capacity Addition in 11th Plan ... 80,020 MW

Base Line figure of Power Sector ... 0.85 tCO2/MWh



INDIANINDIAN POWER SECTORPOWER SECTOR -- TOWARDSTOWARDS

Total Installed Capacity … 1,43,311 MW

erma enerat on … over

Although no GHG reduction targets for Indiabut taken ste s throu h ado tion of Renewable Energy echnologies,Combinedcycles, Co-generation, Coal beneficiation,PlantPerformance o timization

Under Kyoto Protocol; Clean DevelopmentMechanism (CDM) conceived to reduce cost of

development as per Framework Convention onClimate change (FCCC)



FRONTALS IN ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT

GREEN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES – PRIMARILY THE

CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGIES

,POWER PLANTS & INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

AFFORDABLE RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

CDM OPPORTUNITIES IN ENERGY SECTOR



NCES POTENTIAL AND INSTALLED CAPACITY (In MW)Renewable Energy Source All India MP

Wind - Potential

-

45,000 5500

3595

35

Bio Mass - Potential

+ Co-gen.19,500

100

- Installed750

36

Small Hydro – Potential 5000 410.13

- Installed1705 40

- -

from Waste- Installed

1700

42

-

-

Solar PV - Potential

- Installed

20 MW/Sq. km

264 100 k Wp



International, legally binding commitment in whichindustrialized countries will reduce their combinedGHG emissions by 5.2 % compared to 1990 levels by

2008-2012

India acceded in August 2002

June 2003 : 109 countries ratified or acceded

44% out of 55% of 1990 emissions



Kyoto Protocol Signatories

Sources:UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). 2003,



Kyoto Protocol Mechanism

Joint Implementation (Article 6):Emission reduction arising from project investment in other

developed countries (with own emission targets)

Clean Development Mechanism (Article 12):

Emission reduction arising from project investments in'

Emission Trading (Article 17)

’ bought ? Sold in international C trading market. A Supplement todomestic action.



CDM- A WIN-WIN SITUATION

Industrialized countries (AI)

emission limitation commitments

ro ect proponents

activity(private business,

governments, NGOs)

(private business,

governments, NGOs)

Developing countries (Non-AI)→To assist in achieving

sustainable development



What makes a project activity a CDM

GHG

“ ”

(fictitious situation) = baseline

CERsCDM project activity

timeStart of CDM

ro ect activit

GHG = Greenhouse gas emissions

CERs =certified emissions reduction



Projects for benefit from CDM Finance

Renewable energy

Fue switc ing in in ustry, transport,residential sector etc.)

Solid waste management

Advanced coal-based ower enerationtechnologies like IGCC

Demand-side management

n ustr a energy e c ency mprovement



Towards Low Carbon Economy

Climate Change – Nature’s Fury

o ar or rr gat on

High Efficiency CNT Based PV Cells

y rogen as ue or u ure

Accelerated Program on Thorium based Nuclear

Clean coal Technologies like SCR, IGCC

-

Energy Security by 2020, Energy Independenceby2030

….Reference: Address by President of India 14th Aug 2005



Prime Clean Coal Technology Options forPrime Clean Coal Technology Options for

( 11th Plan- 10x660 MW + 2x 800 MW)

Integrated Gasification Combined

Circulating Fluidized Bed

Combustion (CFBC) Power Plants



CONCLUSIONS

Promote CCT in countries like India & Chinawhere coal is main stay fuel for Power Generation.

Increased use of Advanced Fossil FuelTechnology

CO2 Capture and Sequestration

Energy Farming – Bio-fuels & Biodiesel

Energy Efficiency on top of the agenda

Major shift towards Green Technologies

Ado tion of Renewable Ener Technolo ies inRural Sector



CONCLUSIONS

Why invest in Low –CarbonSources of Energy?

In and of itself, the greenhouse effect is certainlynot bad. “we have it to thank for the existence oflife on earth ”

There’s no question what happens when an

atmosphere has a lot of carbon dioxide - at the ,

to melt lead.’

What alarms environmental scientists is that,

” carbon dioxide has a long lifetime once it’s in theatmosphere- about a century,”



...CONCLUSIONS

• “There is so much momentum in the system that we almostcertainly will double the amount of carbon dioxide in the

- ” – ,

level 420 ppm

• “But if you divide the current amount of carbon dioxideproduced by a country by the number of people, the UnitedStates and Europol produce 20 to 50 times the amount per

person than the developing nations. India is at the level of 2tCO2/Yr per person

• There is a serous under-investment today in research in basic-

effective solar cells, membrane materials for better fuel cells,and wide band-gap semiconductors for power electronics,”

• Helium 3 Fusion will be a reality by 2050 and fusion offers a

most viable long term solution as ‘NO’ carbon Energy Source- Must invest in basic research of Science & Technology.



RGTU INITIATIVESRGTU INITIATIVESHybrid power plant of Wind, Solar & Biomass has beensetu which will ave wa for sustainable ower su l for variety of biomass fuels & environment limitations.

Biomass Gasifier (10kW) & Bio-diesel Plant (100 LPD) hasbeen commissioned

Green Energy Technology Center has been set up to focuson following areas:

- Clean Coal Technolo & CDM- Bio-fuels and bio-diesel

- Renewable Energy devices (hybrid) targeted to

- Energy Conservation & Management- CO2 Sequestration & CO2 capture technologies

.



BIOMASS GASIFIER



AICTE-RPS PROJECT: SOLAR WIND & BIOMASS HYBRID



commissioned at RGTU



Recent Ha enin s



Impact Green Projects at RGPV

,

Multi-purpose fuels – Hydrogen, Methane andBiodiesel through Algae route

Production of CNG from Coal–gasification route

Solar, Wind & Biomass Hybrid System 60 kW Solar-Wind Hybrid system at Hill top of

RGTU

-production using indigenously designed Bio-dieselreactors

Date post:	04-Jun-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	ashwin-wasnik
View:	219 times
Download:	0 times

Low Carbon /No-Carbon Energy Technologies for Environmental Sustainability Technologies for...

Documents