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Lower BackPains: Tips on
Pain Reliefand
Prevention
MARILES A. RALLOS, RN
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THE VERTEBRA
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ANATOMY OF THE SPINE
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ANATOMY OF THE SPINE
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PHYSIOLOGYOF THE SPINE
The cervical spine (neck)
- The neck supports the weight of the head and
protects the nerves coming from the brain to the rest of
the body.
The thoracic spine (upper back)- The firm attachment of the rib cage at each level of
the thoracic spine provides stability and structuralsupport to the upper back and allows very little motion.
The thoracic spine is basically a strong cage and it is
designed to protect the vital organs of the heart and
lungs.
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What
causesback
pains?
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LOWER
BACK
PAINS
-
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CAUSES
Age Muscle / ligament sprain,
strain or spasm
Nerve / muscle Irritation Trauma / injury
Degenerative conditions
like herniated disk,arthritis, osteoporosis
other bone diseases and
etc.
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CAUSES
Congenital abnormalities
in the spine
Obesity and weight gainduring pregnancy
Poor physical condition
Poor posture
Poor sleeping position
Serious medical problem
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What conditions are associated
with lower back pains?
Bulging disc (also calledprotruding, herniated, orSlipped disc).
The intervertebral discs are underconstant pressure. As discs degenerateand weaken, cartilage can bulge or bepushed into the space containing the
spinal cord or a nerve root,causing pain
A: Exiting nerve root.
B:InnerCore of Disc
C: Torn OuterCore of the Disc
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What conditions are associated
with lower back pains?Degenerative disc
disease.
- As the disc
degenerates it can allow
small amounts of motion
in that segment of the
spine and irritate a nerve
root and cause sciatica.
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What conditions are associated
with lower back pains?Lumbar spinal stenosis.
-The spinal canal
narrows due to
degeneration, which can
put pressure on the nerve
root and cause sciatica.
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What conditions are associated
with lower back pains?
Osteoarthritis.
- Degeneration of the
small facet joints inthe back of the spinecan cause back painand decreasedflexibility. May alsolead to spinalstenosis and nervepinching.
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What conditions are associated
with lower back pains?Isthmic
spondylolisthesis.
-A
small stress fractureallows one vertebra to slip
forward on another, usually
at the bottom of the spine.
This can pinch the nerve,causing lower back pain
and leg pain.(slipped
vertebral body)
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What conditions are associated
with lower back pains?Osteoporosis
- a metabolic bone
disease marked by
progressive decrease
in bone density and
strength.
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What conditions are associated
with lower back pains?
Skeletal irregularities
- produces strain on the vertebrae andsupporting muscles, tendons, ligaments,
and tissues supported by spinal column.
- Scoliosis
- Kyphosis- Lordosis
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KYPHOSIS LORDOSIS
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SCOLIOSIS
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How is low back pain diagnosed?
Medical history and physical exam
Diagnostic Exams
- Xray Imaging ( Conventional, Discography
and Myelogram)
Computerized tomography (CT)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Electromyography (EMG) Bone scan
Ultrasound
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How is lower back pain treated?
Application of cold and hot compresses
- Relieves pain and reduces inflammation.
- Apply cold pack immediately after traumathen several times a day up to 20 mins.
2-3 days after cold remedy, apply hot
compress for brief periods to relax muscles
and increase blood flow.
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Bed Rest
-You may need 1 to 2 days rest for a hurt
back. Resting longer than this can cause
your muscles to weaken, which can slowyour recovery. Even if it hurts, walk around
for a few minutes every hour.
How is lower back pain treated?
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The best positionfor relief when yourback hurts is to lie onyour back on the floor
with pillows underyour knees, with yourhips and knees bentand your feet on achair, or just withyour hips and kneesbent. This takes thepressure and weightoff your back.
How is lower back pain treated?
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EXERCISE-Routine of back-healthy
activities may include
stretching exercises,swimming, walking, and
movement therapy to improve
coordination and develop
proper posture and musclebalance. Yoga is another way
to gently stretch muscles and
ease pain.
How is lower back pain treated?
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One is to gently stretch
your back muscles. Lie onyour back with your knees
bent and slowly raise your
left knee to your chest.
Press your lower backagainst the floor. Hold for
5 seconds. Relax and
repeat the exercise with
your right knee. Do 10 ofthese exercises for each
leg, switching legs.
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MEDICATIONS- are often used to treat acute
and chronic low back pain.
Effective pain relief may involve
a combination of prescription
drugs and over-the-counter
remedies. Patients should
always check with a doctorbefore taking drugs for pain
relief.
How is lower back pain treated?
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Tips for preventing back strain
Always stretch before exercise or
other strenuous physical activity.
Dont slouch when standing or
sitting. When standing, keep yourweight balanced on your feet.
Your back supports weight most
easily when curvature is reduced. At home or work, make sure your
work surface is at a comfortable
height for you.
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Sit in a chair with good lumbar supportand proper position and height for thetask. Keep your shoulders back. Switchsitting positions often and periodically
walk around the office or gently stretchmuscles to relieve tension. A pillow orrolled-up towel placed behind the small ofyour back can provide some lumbarsupport. If you must sit for a long period oftime, rest your feet on a low stool or astack of books.
Tips for preventing back strain
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W
ear comfortable, low-heeled shoes. Sleep on your side to reduce any curve in your
spine. Always sleep on a firm surface.
Ask for help when transferring an ill or injured
family member from a reclining to a sittingposition or when moving the patient from a
chair to a bed.
Dont try to lift objects too heavy for you. Lift
with your knees, pull in your stomach muscles,
and keep your head down and in line with your
straight back. Keep the object close to your
body. Do not twist when lifting.
Tips for preventing back strain
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Maintain proper nutrition and diet toreduce and prevent excessive weight,
especially weight around the waistline that
taxes lower back muscles. A diet with
sufficient daily intake of calcium,phosphorus, and vitamin D helps to
promote new bone growth.
If you smoke, quit. Smoking reduces bloodflow to the lower spine and causes the
spinal discs to degenerate.
Tips for preventing back strain
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Call your family doctor if:
Pain goes down your leg below yourknee
Your leg, foot, groin or rectal areafeels numb
You have fever, nausea or vomiting,stomachache, weakness or sweating
You lose control over going to thebathroom
Your pain was caused by an injury Your pain is so intense you can'tmove around
Your pain doesn't seem to be gettingbetter after 2 to 3 weeks
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THAN
K YOU!!!