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Lower Back Pains

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    Lower BackPains: Tips on

    Pain Reliefand

    Prevention

    MARILES A. RALLOS, RN

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    THE VERTEBRA

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    ANATOMY OF THE SPINE

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    ANATOMY OF THE SPINE

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    PHYSIOLOGYOF THE SPINE

    The cervical spine (neck)

    - The neck supports the weight of the head and

    protects the nerves coming from the brain to the rest of

    the body.

    The thoracic spine (upper back)- The firm attachment of the rib cage at each level of

    the thoracic spine provides stability and structuralsupport to the upper back and allows very little motion.

    The thoracic spine is basically a strong cage and it is

    designed to protect the vital organs of the heart and

    lungs.

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    What

    causesback

    pains?

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    LOWER

    BACK

    PAINS

    -

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    CAUSES

    Age Muscle / ligament sprain,

    strain or spasm

    Nerve / muscle Irritation Trauma / injury

    Degenerative conditions

    like herniated disk,arthritis, osteoporosis

    other bone diseases and

    etc.

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    CAUSES

    Congenital abnormalities

    in the spine

    Obesity and weight gainduring pregnancy

    Poor physical condition

    Poor posture

    Poor sleeping position

    Serious medical problem

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    What conditions are associated

    with lower back pains?

    Bulging disc (also calledprotruding, herniated, orSlipped disc).

    The intervertebral discs are underconstant pressure. As discs degenerateand weaken, cartilage can bulge or bepushed into the space containing the

    spinal cord or a nerve root,causing pain

    A: Exiting nerve root.

    B:InnerCore of Disc

    C: Torn OuterCore of the Disc

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    What conditions are associated

    with lower back pains?Degenerative disc

    disease.

    - As the disc

    degenerates it can allow

    small amounts of motion

    in that segment of the

    spine and irritate a nerve

    root and cause sciatica.

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    What conditions are associated

    with lower back pains?Lumbar spinal stenosis.

    -The spinal canal

    narrows due to

    degeneration, which can

    put pressure on the nerve

    root and cause sciatica.

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    What conditions are associated

    with lower back pains?

    Osteoarthritis.

    - Degeneration of the

    small facet joints inthe back of the spinecan cause back painand decreasedflexibility. May alsolead to spinalstenosis and nervepinching.

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    What conditions are associated

    with lower back pains?Isthmic

    spondylolisthesis.

    -A

    small stress fractureallows one vertebra to slip

    forward on another, usually

    at the bottom of the spine.

    This can pinch the nerve,causing lower back pain

    and leg pain.(slipped

    vertebral body)

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    What conditions are associated

    with lower back pains?Osteoporosis

    - a metabolic bone

    disease marked by

    progressive decrease

    in bone density and

    strength.

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    What conditions are associated

    with lower back pains?

    Skeletal irregularities

    - produces strain on the vertebrae andsupporting muscles, tendons, ligaments,

    and tissues supported by spinal column.

    - Scoliosis

    - Kyphosis- Lordosis

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    KYPHOSIS LORDOSIS

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    SCOLIOSIS

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    How is low back pain diagnosed?

    Medical history and physical exam

    Diagnostic Exams

    - Xray Imaging ( Conventional, Discography

    and Myelogram)

    Computerized tomography (CT)

    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

    Electromyography (EMG) Bone scan

    Ultrasound

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    How is lower back pain treated?

    Application of cold and hot compresses

    - Relieves pain and reduces inflammation.

    - Apply cold pack immediately after traumathen several times a day up to 20 mins.

    2-3 days after cold remedy, apply hot

    compress for brief periods to relax muscles

    and increase blood flow.

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    Bed Rest

    -You may need 1 to 2 days rest for a hurt

    back. Resting longer than this can cause

    your muscles to weaken, which can slowyour recovery. Even if it hurts, walk around

    for a few minutes every hour.

    How is lower back pain treated?

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    The best positionfor relief when yourback hurts is to lie onyour back on the floor

    with pillows underyour knees, with yourhips and knees bentand your feet on achair, or just withyour hips and kneesbent. This takes thepressure and weightoff your back.

    How is lower back pain treated?

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    EXERCISE-Routine of back-healthy

    activities may include

    stretching exercises,swimming, walking, and

    movement therapy to improve

    coordination and develop

    proper posture and musclebalance. Yoga is another way

    to gently stretch muscles and

    ease pain.

    How is lower back pain treated?

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    One is to gently stretch

    your back muscles. Lie onyour back with your knees

    bent and slowly raise your

    left knee to your chest.

    Press your lower backagainst the floor. Hold for

    5 seconds. Relax and

    repeat the exercise with

    your right knee. Do 10 ofthese exercises for each

    leg, switching legs.

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    MEDICATIONS- are often used to treat acute

    and chronic low back pain.

    Effective pain relief may involve

    a combination of prescription

    drugs and over-the-counter

    remedies. Patients should

    always check with a doctorbefore taking drugs for pain

    relief.

    How is lower back pain treated?

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    Tips for preventing back strain

    Always stretch before exercise or

    other strenuous physical activity.

    Dont slouch when standing or

    sitting. When standing, keep yourweight balanced on your feet.

    Your back supports weight most

    easily when curvature is reduced. At home or work, make sure your

    work surface is at a comfortable

    height for you.

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    Sit in a chair with good lumbar supportand proper position and height for thetask. Keep your shoulders back. Switchsitting positions often and periodically

    walk around the office or gently stretchmuscles to relieve tension. A pillow orrolled-up towel placed behind the small ofyour back can provide some lumbarsupport. If you must sit for a long period oftime, rest your feet on a low stool or astack of books.

    Tips for preventing back strain

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    W

    ear comfortable, low-heeled shoes. Sleep on your side to reduce any curve in your

    spine. Always sleep on a firm surface.

    Ask for help when transferring an ill or injured

    family member from a reclining to a sittingposition or when moving the patient from a

    chair to a bed.

    Dont try to lift objects too heavy for you. Lift

    with your knees, pull in your stomach muscles,

    and keep your head down and in line with your

    straight back. Keep the object close to your

    body. Do not twist when lifting.

    Tips for preventing back strain

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    Maintain proper nutrition and diet toreduce and prevent excessive weight,

    especially weight around the waistline that

    taxes lower back muscles. A diet with

    sufficient daily intake of calcium,phosphorus, and vitamin D helps to

    promote new bone growth.

    If you smoke, quit. Smoking reduces bloodflow to the lower spine and causes the

    spinal discs to degenerate.

    Tips for preventing back strain

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    Call your family doctor if:

    Pain goes down your leg below yourknee

    Your leg, foot, groin or rectal areafeels numb

    You have fever, nausea or vomiting,stomachache, weakness or sweating

    You lose control over going to thebathroom

    Your pain was caused by an injury Your pain is so intense you can'tmove around

    Your pain doesn't seem to be gettingbetter after 2 to 3 weeks

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    THAN

    K YOU!!!


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