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Learning Theories

Presented By:

Mansi Kothari PG12031

A Knowledge Management Presentation

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Learning Theories

Learning theories are conceptualframeworks that describe howinformation is absorbed, processed,

and retained during learning Behaviorism

Cognitivism

Humanism

Constructivism

Connectivism

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Behaviorism

Primary Focus Observable behaviour

Stimulus-response connections

Assumptions Learning is a result of environmental

forces

Major Theorists

Thorndike

Pavlov

Watson

Skinner 3

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Behaviorism

"behaviorism" was coined by JohnWatson

Learner starts off as a clean slate

Behavior is shaped through positive ornegative reinforcement

Positive indicates the application of astimulus

Negative indicates the withholding of astimulus

Ivan Pavlov experimented on dogs

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Conditioning

Two types:

Classical conditioning

Ivan Pavlov

the behavior becomes a reflex response

to stimulus

Operant conditioning

B. F. Skinner there is reinforcement of the behavior by a

reward or a punishment

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Cognitivism

Primary Focus Mental behaviour

Knowledge

Intelligence

Critical Thinking

Assumptions

Learning is a result of mentaloperations/processing

Major Theorists Bloom

Piaget

Gagne6

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Cognitivism

black box of the mind should beopened and understood

Learner is viewed as an information

processor (like a computer) Mental processes such as thinking,

memory, knowing, and problem-solving need to be explored

Mental processes are to recognize,recall, analyze, reflect, apply, create,understand, and evaluate

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Humanism

Primary Focus Values/Dignity

Self-Concept/Self-Esteem/Potential

Needs/Human freedom

Assumptions Learning is a result of emotions and goal-

orientation

People act with intentionality and values

Major Theorists Rogers

Maslow

N. V. Peale8

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Humanism

This is in contrast to behaviorist notion of operant conditioning

(which argues that all behavior is the result ofthe application of consequences)

cognitive psychologist belief (that thediscovering knowledge or constructingmeaning is central to learning)

Study the person as a whole, especially

as an individual grows and developsover the lifespan

Study of the self, motivation, and goalsare areas of particular interest

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Constructivism

Primary Focus Information construction

Active

Assumptions New information is linked to prior knowledge,

thus mental representations are subjective

Major Theorists

Maria Montessori Jean Piaget

George Kelly

David A. Kolb

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Constructivism

Contextualized process of constructingknowledge rather than acquiring it

Constructed based on personalexperiences and hypotheses of theenvironment

Testing through social negotiation

Each person has a different

interpretation and construction The learner is not in a blank, but brings

past experiences and cultural factors to asituation

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Connectivism

Primary Focus

Nodes and links

Assumptions

Person sees mental or behavioralphenomena as the emergent processes

of interconnected networks of simple units

Major Theorists Siemens

Downes

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Connectivism

Connectivism is a theory of learningwhich emphasizes the role of thesocial and cultural context opposed to

a more essentialist notion whichforegrounds the individual

Central to connectivism is therelationship between work experience,

learning and knowledge, as expressedin the concept of connectivity, thus theroot of the theory's name

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Principles of Connectivism

Learning and knowledge rests in diversity ofopinions

Learning is a process of connectingspecialized nodes or information sources

Learning may reside in non-humanappliances

Learning is more critical than knowing

Maintaining and nurturing connections is

needed to facilitate continual learning

Perceiving connections between fields, ideasand concepts is a core skill

Currency (accurate, up-to-date knowledge) isthe intent of learning activities 14

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Conclusion

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Bibliography

http://www.learning-theories.com/

http://www.ttuhsc.edu/sop/ctlt/compas

s/LearningTheories.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_theory_(education)

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Thank YouSubmitted By:Mansi Kothari

PG12031

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