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LtCol W.G. Wickun, USMC (Ret)LtCol W.G. Wickun, USMC (Ret)
• Native of Connecticut• B. S. in Chemistry, Virginia Military Institute• USMC, Regular Commission• M.S. in Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University• Began teaching at MECEP Prep• Taught chemistry at Norwich University, Vermont• Adjunct Faculty, State University of New York (SUNY)• Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry, SUNY• Taught chemistry at Whitworth College, Spokane, WA• Teach chemistry and physics at Montana State University• PT, cycling (mountain & road), backpacking, fly fishing,
zymurgy
Chemistry
Introduction:Matter and Measurement
Chapter 1
1. Matter - anything that occupies space and has mass.
2. Substance - a form of matter that has a definite composition and distinct properties.
ChemistryChemistry - the study of matter and - the study of matter andthe changes it undergoesthe changes it undergoes
water, ammonia, sucrose, gold, oxygen
Mixture - a combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities.
1. Homogenous mixture – composition of the mixture is the same throughout.
2. Heterogeneous mixture – composition is not uniform throughout.
soft drink, milk, solder
cement, muddy water,iron filings in sand (Fig. 1.8)
Physical means can be used to separate a mixture into its pure components.
magnet
Also: filtration (Figure 1.12);paper chromatography (Figure 1.14)
Distillation
Figure 1.13
Element - a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.
• 115 elements have been identified
• 83 elements occur naturally on Earth
gold, aluminum, lead, oxygen, carbon
• 32 elements have been created by scientists
technetium, americium, seaborgium
Table 1.2
Compound - a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions. (Table 1.3)
Compounds can only be separated into their pure components (elements) by chemical means.
Water (H2O) Glucose (C6H12O6)
Ammonia (NH3)
Figure 1.9
States of Matter
Physical or Chemical?
Physical change - does not alter the composition or identity of a substance.
Chemical change - alters the composition or identity of the substance(s) involved:
ice meltingsugar dissolving
in water
• Hydrogen gas burns in oxygen gas to form water (Fig. 1.10)
• Copper reacts with nitric acid
to produce nitrogen dioxide (Fig. 1.11)
H2
O2
H2O
Figure 1.7 Electrolysis of water
H2
O2
CathodeAnode