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LUKISAN GEOMETRI BONGKAH
ORTOGRAFIKISOMETRI
Pandangan Ortografik
2 jenis unjuran ortografika. Unjuran sudut pertamab. Unjuran sudut ketiga
Simbol unjuran ortografik
Unjuran sudut pertama Unjuran sudut ketiga
a) First angle projection - Is the traditional British system of projection and it is also referred to as “European Projection “
b) Third angle projection - It is sometimes called as “ American Projection “ is gaining popularity. All government engineering establishments and civilian contracting.
Times are required to use this farm of projection.Both method of projection are quoted in The British Standard Handbook, BS 308 Part I. General Principles of Engineering Drawing Practice.
Basic requirements and Quadrants’ usage to determine the 1st angle and 3nd angle projection.
a. Two principal planesi. Vertical Planeii. Horizontal Plane
b. Normally longest object length be use as front elevation.
c. Minimize the use of hidden lines.
d. Choose the side of the object with most details as the side / end elevation.
4th 3rd
1st 2nd
1st Angle
VERTICAL PLANE
HORIZONTAL PLANE
Pelan tegak hadapan
Pelan
SUDUT PERTAMA (FIRST ANGLE)
SIDE VERTICAL PLANE
SUDUT PERTAMA (FIRST ANGLE)
PELAN
PELAN TEGAK HADAPAN PELAN TEGAK SISI
SUDUT KETIGA. (THIRD ANGLE)
PELAN
PELAN TEGAK HADAPAN
PELAN
PELAN TEGAK HADAPAN
OBJEK
PELAN
PELAN TEGAK HADAPAN PELAN TEGAK SISI
PELAN
PELAN TEGAK HADAPAN
PELAN TEGAK SISI
SUDUT KETIGA. (THIRD ANGLE)
LUKISAN ISOMETRI
Isometric mean equal measure. It is taken from Greek word.
ISOS means equal. METRON means measure.
Metric is a French word meaning a system of measure.
Hence these two words ISOS and METRIC are combined into one single word ISOMETRIC means equal measure.
Type of Isometric Drawing
a. Normal axis
30° 30°
b. Reverse axis
30°30°
Circle in isometric view
a
b
c
d
o
Kaedah melukis pandangan isometri
i. Kaedah Kotak
Kaedah melukis pandangan isometri
ii. Kaedah Kerangka
Kaedah melukis pandangan isometri
iii. Kaedah Titik Koordinat
N'
N
Contoh
Komponen kemahiran
1. Garisan isometri
2. Garisan bukan isometri
3. Garisan lengkung
Contoh 2
Komponen kemahiran
1. Garisan isometri2. Garisan bukan
isometri3. Garisan lengkung4. Bulatan