prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Main vessels of the body

ByProf.Dr. Manal Elsawaf

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Main arteries•Aorta

ascending arch descending

Descending thoracic

Descending abdominal

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Ascending aorta

• Branches:-right coronary-left coronary

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Arch of aortaLeft subclavian

Left common carotid

brachiocephalic

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Arch of aorta

• Branches of arch of aorta supply

Head, neck, brain and upper limb

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Arch of aorta

• brachiocephalic

Rt subclavian Rt common carotid

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Arteries of the head and neck

•

1. External carotid 2. Internal carotid

Common carotid artery subclavian artery

1. branches to neck and brain

2. arteries of the upper limb

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Descending aorta

• The diaphragm divides theDescending aorta intoThoracic part and abdominalpart

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Descending thoracic aorta

• The continuation of the aortic arch.

It ends by passing through the diaphragm to continue as abdominal aorta

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Descending thoracic aorta

• branches

visceral

parietal

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Descending abdominal aorta

• branches

Arteries of the abdomenas renal

Arteries of the lower limbAs femoral a

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Main veins

Superior vena cava:Drain upper part of body

Inferior vena cava:Drain lower part of body

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Lymphatic System

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Introduction

• The lymphatic system is a part of the vascular system– Functions

• Return tissue fluid to the bloodstream• Transport fats from the digestive tract to the bloodstream• Surveillance & defense

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Lymph

• Is a clear watery fluid collected from the intercellular spaces

• Filtered by lymph nodes• Contains:- Constituents similar to plasma- Some lymphocytes- Fat droplets (chyle) from intestines

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Lymphatic capillaries– Originate in most

tissues– Capillaries unite to form

large collecting lymphatic vessels

– Are wider than blood capillaries

– Connect to lymph nodes at various intervals

– Absorb fat in the villi and called lacteals

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Lymphatic vessels

• Have many valves • They are absent in :Brain, spinal cord, eyeballs, bone marrow,

splenic pulp, hyaline cartilage, nails and hair

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Main ducts of Lymphatics

2 main channels• Right lymphatic

duct– Drains right

side of head & neck, right arm, right thorax

– Empties into the right innominate

• Thoracic duct– Drains the rest

of the body– Empties into

the left innominate vein

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Lymphoid Tissue

• Collections of lymphoid tissue as: palatine tonsils, adenoids, payer’s patches, and nodules of spleen

• Collections of lymphoid tissue as: palatine tonsils, adenoids, payer’s patches, and nodules of spleen

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

– Collections of lymphatic tissue located along lymphatic vessels

– Enclosed by a fibrous capsule and formed of outer cortex & inner medulla

– Lymph enters nodes through afferent lymphatics for filteration from germs and their poisons then exits through efferent lymhpatic

Lymph Nodes

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Lymph Nodesthe most important groups are:

1.axillary:upper limb &breast2. cervical: head & neck

3. mediastinal: thoracic organs4. inguinal: lower limbs

5. iliac: pelvic organs6.Aortic: abdominal organs

1

2

3

45

6

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Spleen– Largest lymphatic organ– Located below the left

copula of the diaphragm

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Spleen

–Has an outer convex surface and an inner concave one showing a hilum which receives the splenic vessels

prof. dr. manal elsawaf

Spleen

– Functions• Destroys old RBCs• Stores blood cells• Produces lymphocytes