Major Changes in European Landscapes illustration 1. agricultural intensification coastal lowlands, river lowlands, wetlands, polders, deltas coastal lowlands, river lowlands, wetlands, polders, deltas A3. polders, Netherlands 2. agricultural marginalization natural factors soils, climate natural factors soils, climate social factors transport, distribution social factors transport, distribution result: only hobby farming.....secondary succession, more natural ecosystems re-established result: only hobby farming.....secondary succession, more natural ecosystems re-established Intensification and marginalization are connected Intensification and marginalization are connected Lost But Not Forgotten 3. Urban sprawl Spread of infrastructure consumes considerable space, loss of habitats Spread of infrastructure consumes considerable space, loss of habitats American spirit? 4. Landscape fragmentation Fragmentation of landscape scenery, historic elements and structures, isolation of ecosystems and animals Fragmentation of landscape scenery, historic elements and structures, isolation of ecosystems and animals New Mexico: Highway 5. Discontinuity Natural Natural Cultural symbolic Cultural symbolic Short story of stations of the cross Lime tree and other symbols 6. New landscapes emerging new functions new functions landscape as a PET Nature (Proda), Ecology, Tourism landscape as a PET Nature (Proda), Ecology, Tourism Emerging trends in European landscapes endogenous natural and human sources are not more important endogenous natural and human sources are not more important global replacement (lost of biodiversity, sustainability, multifunctionality, regional characteristic patterns of agro/eco/system) global replacement (lost of biodiversity, sustainability, multifunctionality, regional characteristic patterns of agro/eco/system) segregation of landscape function, only most profitable local products if any segregation of landscape function, only most profitable local products if any alienation from landscape alienation from landscape spatial and temporal segregation spatial and temporal segregation Unification of landscapes, adaptation for technology not for nature Unification of landscapes, adaptation for technology not for nature from local to global