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Management and Governance of
Open Data Initiatives
UNDESA and ITU – Future Government: A Global Perspective in Connection to Open Government Data and Citizen Engagement – Geneva, May 16th 2012 Dr. Matthias Stürmer, Senior Consultant Ernst & Young
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My perspectives on open data
• Fan: Founding board member of Swiss OGD association Opendata.ch
• Lobbyist: Secretary of Parliamentarian Group for Digital Sustainability
• Politician: Parliament member of the City of Bern
• Advisor: Senior Consultant at Ernst & Young
• Former researcher: PhD at ETH Zurich on open source communities
• Former programmer: Co-founder of two Internet startups
Dr. Matthias Stürmer
Phone: +41 58 286 61 97
Mobile: +41 58 289 61 97
Email: [email protected]
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Agenda
1. Observations from the Swiss open data movement
2. Comparing open data initiatives to open source projects
3. How to govern open data projects
• Appendix: Swiss Parliamentarian Group for Digital Sustainability
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Milestones Swiss Open Data Movement
July 2010: First meeting June 2011: Opendata.ch conference Sept 2011: Hackdays
December 2011: Parliamentarian„s dinner and manifest January 2012: Association Opendata.ch founded
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Swiss Open Data Hacking Events
• First Swiss OGD Hackdays on September 30/October 1, 2012 in Zürich and Lausanne
• Hackday on March 30/31, 2012 in Zürich and Geneva on the topic of mobility
• First OGD Hackday in Bern on April 27, 2012 on various topics
• Hackday on September 28/29, 2012 in Basel and Geneva on the topic of health
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Open Data Hackday in Bern, April 27th 2012
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Open Budget App on Expenses of the City of Bern
Source: http://t.preus.se/bernbudget2012
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Not comparable to the New York Times App…
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Agenda
1. Observations from the Swiss open data movement
2. Comparing open data initiatives to open source projects
3. How to govern open data projects
• Appendix: Swiss Parliamentarian Group for Digital Sustainability
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OGD and OSS on the Technology Hype Cycle
Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hype_cycle
OSS
OGD
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OGD Communities Compared to OSS Communities
Open Data Initiatives Open Source Projects Comments
Hype Cycle „Peak of Inflated Expectations“ „Plateau of Productivity“ Different: Long way to go for OGD
Initialization 1. Individuals 2. Foundations 3. Public Administrations
1. Individuals 2. Companies 3. Public Administrations
Similar: Both top-down and bottom-up approaches possible
Motivation Intrinsic to extrinsic Intrinsic to extrinsic Equal: Heterogenic mix of motivation
Required Skills 1. Data Knowhow 2. Programming 3. Design
1. Programming 2. GUI Design
Similar: Mostly technology-driven communities
Development Much local development with lots of physical meetings
Much global development with few physical meetings
Different: OGD has more local solutions, OSS has more global solutions
Governance Mostly independent foundations sponsored by public funds
Mostly independent foundations sponsored by IT companies
Similar: Distributed power of decision making
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Agenda
1. Observations from the Swiss open data movement
2. Comparing open data initiatives to open source projects
3. How to govern open data projects
• Appendix: Swiss Parliamentarian Group for Digital Sustainability
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Motivation is Key for Community Governance
Intrinsic Motivation Enjoyment- or obligation-based incentives
1. Ideology
2. Altruism
3. Kinship
4. Fun
Internalized Extrinsic Motivation Non-monetary incentives
5. Reputation
6. Reciprocity
7. Learning
8. Own-use
Extrinsic Motivation Monetary incentives
9. Career
10. Pay
Source: G. F. von Krogh, S. Haefliger, S. Spaeth, M. W. Wallin “Open Source Software: a Review of Motivations to Contribute”
• Loss of control through publishing data and source code
• Voluntary initiatives are governed through incentivizing groups and individuals
• 10 different reasons for individuals to contribute to open source software projects:
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Open Data Players in German Speaking Area
Civil Society
Government and Public Administration
Hackdays
Swiss OGD Manifest
Open Data Network
OKFN Germany
OGD Apps
Conferences
Policy making
Single Point of Orientation
Competitions
Government 2.0 Network
DE
OGD Austria
open3
AT Opendata.ch
Digital Sustainability
CH
APIs
DE AT CH
Web Portals
National government
Regional government
Local government
Local meetings
Studies
Bottom-Up
Top-Down
Bottom-Up
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Still at the beginning in 2012
Tim Berners-Lee at TED University in 2010:
"We have only just started."
Source: „Tim Berners-Lee: The year open data went worldwide “ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YcZ3Zqk0a8
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Agenda
1. Observations from the Swiss open data movement
2. Comparing open data initiatives to open source projects
3. How to govern open data projects
• Appendix: Swiss Parliamentarian Group for Digital Sustainability
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Parliamentarian Group for Digital Sustainability
Christian Wasserfallen
National Councilor of Liberals Party
Edith Graf-Litscher
National Councilor of Social Democratic Party
Balthasar Glättli
National Councilor of Green Party
Thomas Weibel
National Councilor of Green Liberal Party
Co Presidents
Kathy Riklin
National Councilor of Christian Democratic People's Party
Core Team
Blog, members, policy recommendations:
www.digitale-nachhaltigkeit.ch www.durabilite-numerique.ch
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Members of the Parliamentarian Group
1. Alec von Graffenried, Nationalrat Grüne Kt. Bern
2. Barbara Schmid-Federer, Nationalrätin CVP Kt. Zürich
3. Brigitte Häberli-Koller, Nationalrätin CVP Kt. Thurgau
4. Carlo Sommaruga, Nationalrat SP Kt. Genf
5. Cédric Wermuth, Nationalrat SP Kt. Aargau
6. Claude Janiak, Ständerat SP Kt. Basel-Landschaft
7. Evi Allemann, Nationalrätin SP Kt. Bern
8. Felix Gutzwiller, Ständerat FDP Kt. Zürich
9. Francine John-Calame, Nationalrätin Grüne Kt. Neuenburg
10. Franziska Teuscher, Nationalrätin Grüne Kt. Bern
11. Geri Müller, Nationalrat Grüne Kt. Aargau
12. Hans Altherr, Ständerat FDP Kt. Appenzell Ausserrhoden
13. Hugues Hiltpold, Nationalrat FDP Kt. Genf
14. Ignazio Cassis, Nationalrat FDP Kt. Tessin
15. Jacqueline Badran, Nationalrätin SP Kt. Zürich
16. Kathrin Bertschy, Nationalrätin GLP Kt. Bern
17. Liliane Maury Pasquier, Ständerätin SP Kt. Genf
18. Louis Schelbert, Nationalrat Grüne Kt. Luzern
19. Luc Recordon, Ständerat Grüne Kt. Waadt
20. Lukas Reimann, Nationalrat SVP Kt. St. Gallen
21. Maja Ingold, Nationalrätin EVP Kt. Zürich
22. Maria Roth-Bernasconi , Nationalrätin SP Kt. Genf
23. Marianne Streiff-Feller, Nationalrätin EVP Kt. Bern
24. Matthias Aebischer, Nationalrat SP Kt. Bern
25. Peter Malama, Nationalrat FDP Kt. Basel-Stadt
26. Philipp Hadorn, Nationalrat SP Kt. Solothurn
27. Raphaël Comte, Ständerat FDP Kt. Neuenburg
28. Sylvia Flückiger-Bäni, Nationalrat SVP Kt. Aargau
29. Thomas Aeschi, Nationalrat SVP Kt. Zug
30. Yvonne Gilli, Nationalrätin Grüne Kt. St. Gallen
• 14% of the Swiss Parliament are members of the Parliamentarian Group for Digital Sustainability
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Previous policy recommendations
1. Freie Veröffentlichung von digitalen Kartografiedaten der swisstopo 07.12.2009 – Frage 09.5644 – Christian Wasserfallen
2. Open Source – auch für Meteodaten 18.06.2010 – Interpellation 10.3602 – Kathy Riklin
3. Aktueller Stand von Open Government Data in der Schweiz 02.03.2011 – Frage 11.5039 – Edith Graf-Litscher
4. Potenzial von Open Government Data in der Schweiz 02.03.2011 – Frage 11.5040 – Edith Graf-Litscher
5. E-Government und Open Government Data 12.04.2011 – Interpellation 11.3346 – Christian Wasserfallen
6. Anwendung des Öffentlichkeitsgesetzes 13.04.2011 – Interpellation 11.3358 – Edith Graf-Litscher
7. Open Government Data. Wie weiter? 14.04.2011 – Interpellation 11.3445 – Kathy Riklin
8. Digitale Nachhaltigkeit in der Strategie des Bundesrates für eine Informationsgesellschaft in der Schweiz 14.04.2011 – Interpellation 11.3380 – Thomas Weibel
9. Öffnung der Datenbestände des Bundes. Open Government Data 28.09.2011 – Motion 11.3871 – Edith Graf-Litscher
10. Masterplan für Open Government Data 29.09.2011 – Postulat 11.3902 – Kathy Riklin
11. Open Government Data als strategischer Schwerpunkt im E-Government 29.09.2011 – Postulat 11.3884 – Christian Wasserfallen