Management Information System

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Management

SystemInformation

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ManagementManagement is the art of getting things done through and with the people in formally organized groups .

Managerial functions• Planning• Organizing• Staffing• Directing• controlling

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Information

Information is data that is processed and is presented in the form which assists decision makers.

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SYSTEMA system is set of interrelated components or entities that interact to achieve particular function or goal. Each component of a system has its own goal. but these components work together to achieve the common goal

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Components of a system

• Inputs• Processor• Outputs• Control• Feedback• Environment

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Characteristics of system

• Organization• Interaction• Interdependence• Integration• Central objective

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organization

It is the arrangement of components, that helps to achieve objectives .

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Interaction

Interaction refers to the manner in which each component functions with other components of the system.

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Interdependence

Interdependence means that Parts of the organization or computer system depend on one another.

They are coordinated and linked together according to plan.

One subsystem depends on the input of another subsystem for proper functioning, that is the output of one subsystem is the required input for another subsystem.

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Integration

Integration is concerned with how a system is linked together.

It is more than sharing a physical part or location.

It means that part of the system work together within the system even though each part performs a unique function.

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Central objective

Every system must have central objective to achieve the goal .

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Types of system

Physical and abstract systems

Deterministic and probabilistic systems

Open and close system

Social and machine system

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Types of system cont’d

Natural and Manufactured systems

Subsystem and super system

Permanent and temporary system

Adaptive and non adaptive systems

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Information system

DATAData are row facts or observations.

INFORMATIONInformation is data which is in processed form.

Input(data) Dataprocess

Informationas output

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Difference Between Data and Information

DATAData refers to details, facts about any event.Data is generally disorganized and disintegrated in formData is in raw form.Data cannot be understood or made use of by the user.Data does not depend upon information.

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Information

Information refers to only those events which are concerned with entity.Information is properly arranged, classified and organised.Information is understood and used by the users.Information is based upon and derived from data.

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Information systemFormal information systemIt is the system which is based on defined procedures and rules for providing information(computer based information system).Manual information systemUses paper and pencil technology to provide information(manual account keeping).

information system can also be considered as a organizational and management solution based on information technology

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Classification of information system Strategic information planning

Tactical information controllingOperational information internal /external system

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Characteristics of informationTimelines : timelines means that information must reach the respective receiver within the prescribe time frame.Relevant : information said to relevant if it assures specifically for the recipient what,why,where,when. What is relevant for one receiver is not necessarily relevant for another

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Completeness : the information which is provided must be complete and should meet all the needs.Accuracy : information must be free form material errors. information must be accurate.Summarization : information should be aggregated in accordance with the user needs.Data base : if the data is stored efficiently and with common usage in mind, one master file can provide the data once, properly validate it and place it on central storage medium that can accessed by any system.

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Level of Information SystemOperational level

Knowledge level

Management

Strategic level1. Transaction processing system2. Office automation system3. Knowledge work system4. Management information system5. Decision support system6. Executive support system

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Operational level

These are the information system which are used for monitoring the basic activities and transactions of the organization such as bank transaction recording and automatic teller machines(ATM)

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Knowledge level systems

These information systems support data workersAnd knowledge workers .Data workers are the persons who are related with communication and processing of data. E.g. accountants and clerks.Knowledge workers are persons which deal with creation of data. E.g. Engineers, scientists and sales managers providing sales data etc.

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Management information systemThese information system are used for monitoring, controlling and decision making activities in an organization.

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Strategic level systems

These systems are used for helping top management executive by recording and analysing long term trends both in the firm and in the environment external to the firm.