Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation
Management of the major foliar diseases of mungbeans and peanuts
in Australia
Mal Ryley, Toowoomba & Jeff Tatnell, KingaroyAgri-Science Qld
2© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Mungbean and peanut regions
Mungbeans
Peanuts
3© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Mungbeans in Australia
• 30,000-40,000t p.a.
• $950/t cooking grade
• Short growing period (80 days)
• Opportunity dryland crop
4© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Peanuts in Australia
• 40,000t p.a.
• $800-900/t
• Long season crop (140+ days)
• Move to irrigated/ high rainfall systems
5© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Integrated Disease Management
• The use of a range of management practices to reduce the impact of plant diseases
• 3 aims are –
– Reduction of inoculum (agronomic practices eg., rotations, residue management, volunteer destruction)
– Exclusion (seed source, quarantine)
– Protection of host (resistance, pesticides)
6© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Mungbeans – powdery mildew
Podosphaera fusca
7© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Mungbeans – bacterial diseases
TAN SPOTCurtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv.
flaccumfaciens
HALO BLIGHTPseudomonas savastanoi pv.
phaseolicola
8© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Peanuts – rust and late leaf spot
LATE LEAF SPOT
Mycosphaerella berkeleyi
RUST
Puccinia arachidis
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Inoculum reduction – mungbean diseases
Management option Powdery Mildew Halo blight/Tan SpotRotation x
Residue management x
Volunteer/alt. hosts
10© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Inoculum reduction – peanut diseases
Management option Rust Late leaf spotRotation x
Residue management x
Volunteers
11© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Exclusion –mungbean diseases
Management option Powdery Mildew Halo blight/Tan SpotRotation x
Residue management x
Volunteer/alt. hosts
“Clean” seed x
Machinery decontam. x
12© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Exclusion – peanut diseases
Management option Rust Late leaf spotRotation x
Residue management x
Volunteers
“Clean” seed x xMachinery decontam.
13© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Mungbean - resistance to powdery mildew and tan spot pathogens
Crystal
powdery mildew tan spot
14© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Mungbeans - resistance to halo blight pathogen
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Hal
o bl
ight
sev
erity
1 =
high
ly s
usce
ptib
le, 9
= h
ighl
yre
sist
ant
CPI6269
7 OAEM 58
-62
M 773
Crystal
Satin II
Emerald
Berken
White G
old
Delta
Variety/line
15© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Psp – pathotypes in Australia
Differential 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Canadian Wonder + + + + + + + + +A52 (ZAA 54) + + + + - + + + +Tendergreen + + - - + + + + +Red Mexican U13 - + + + - + - + -P. acutifolius 1072 + - + - - + - + +A53 (ZAA 55) + + - - - + + + +A43 (ZAA 12) + - - - - + - - -Guatemala 196-B - + - - - + - + -Edmund - - - - - - - - -
Races
+ compatible (susceptible); - incompatible (resistant)
All Phaseolus vulgaris except P. acutifolius
16© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Resistances of new mungbean varieties
Description Tan Spot Powdery Mildew Halo BlightResistant
Moderately Resistant Celera, Crystal
White Gold, Satin II Celera, Crystal, Emerald Regur
Moderately Susceptible Green Diamond, White Gold, Satin II White Gold
Delta, Emerald, Green Diamond Delta
Crystal, Delta, Emerald, Green Diamond, Satin, Satin II
Susceptible Berken
Berken, Satin Berken, Satin Celera
Very Susceptible
17© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Protection – mungbean diseases
Management option Powdery Mildew Halo blight/Tan SpotRotation x
Residue management x
Volunteer/alt. hosts
“Clean” seed x
Machinery decontam. x
Resistance
Foliar fungicides* x
* Only sulphur fungicides registered or under APVMA permit
18© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Resistance of peanut cv. Sutherland to leaf spot and rust
cv. Menzies cv. Sutherland
19© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Protection – peanut diseases
Management option Rust Late leaf spotRotation x
Residue management x
Volunteers
“Clean” seed x xMachinery decontam.
Resistance
Foliar fungicides*
* Range of protectant and systemic fungicides registered
20© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Summary
• Resistance is the foundation for management of foliar diseases of peanuts and mungbeans in Australia
• Foliar fungicides play an important role in managing foliar fungal diseases in peanuts and mungbeans
• Clean seed is important in management of bacterial diseases on mungbeans
• Rotations, stubble management and destruction of volunteers/alternative hosts have roles to play
21© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Disease management – the futureMungbeans
• Significant improvement in resistance to Psp
• Alternatives to sulphur fungicides identified
Peanuts
• Improved resistance to rust and late leaf spot pathogens = fewer fungicide sprays (0-3 vs 6-8)
• Short season varieties (eg., cv.Tingoora) = fewer fungicide sprays
22© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Acknowledgements
• Grains Research & Development Corporation (GRDC)
• DEEDI pulse pathology team
• DEEDI Mungbean Improvement Program team
• PCA/DEEDI Peanut Improvement Program team
• Gordon Cumming, Pulse Australia
• Australian Mungbean Association
