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KEY POINTS• Mitepopulationscanflarefollow-inginsecticideapplicationsorwithwarm,dustyconditions.
• BIOPEST®hasbeenshowntosuc-cessfullyreducemitepopulationsasafoliarappliedpriortopopulationsbuilding.
• ManymiticidesareregisteredtobeusedinmixtureswithBIOPEST® to improvecoverageandefficacy.
• BIOPEST®isregisteredinitsownrightforcontrolofarangeofmitespe-cieseitheratthedormanttimingorasafoliarapplicationinarangeofcropsatratesof1-3L/100L.
• Forbestresults,alwaysensurethoroughcoveragewithadequatewatervolumesunderquickdry-ingconditionsandavoidsprayingstressedcropsorduringfullbloom.
Mitesareincreasinglybecomingasignificantpestinmanyhorticulturalcrops–particularlyasaresultofwarmspringconditionsandinsecticidepro-gramswhichnolongerincludebroadspectrumorganophosphates,resultingintheflaringofmitepopulations.
Thefollowingfactorshavedrivenupmitepopulationsandledtoarenewedinterestintheuseofhorticulturalsprayoils;
• Removalofbroadspectruminsecti-cidessuchasorganophosphates.
• Increasedprevalenceofdifficulttocontrolpestssuchascarphophilusbeetlewhichrequirestheuseofmiteflaringinsecticides.
• Resistancedevelopingtoconventionalinsecticides.
• Technologyadvancesmakinghorticulturalsprayoilsmoreeffectiveandsaferoncrops.
SACOAhasbeenconductingresearchintointegratedpestmanagementinmanyhorticulturalcropsforoveradecade.Mostrecently,workhasfocussedoncontrollingmitesinarangeofcropsfrombananastoavocadoesandalmonds(seeFigure1).ThisresearchhasfocusedontheroleofBIOPEST® asamitecontrolproductbothasaprophylacticpreventativetoreduceegglayingandpopulationsbuilding,aswellasapostinfestationproducttomanageexistingpopulationsbothaloneandinmixtureswithcommonmiticides.
Narrowrangehorticulturalsprayoilsorparaffinicsprayoils(PSO’s)suchas BIOPEST®,havelonghadaplaceforthecontrolofpestssuchasscaleandmites,notonlyasaresultoftheirdirectinsecticidaleffects,butalsoascarriersanddepositionaidsforotherinsecticides.Howeverwiththeadventofbroadspectrumorganophosphateandsyntheticpyrethroidinsecticidesoverthelast30years,theirpopularityhasdeclined.
Morerecently,theremovalofmanybroadspectruminsecticidesduetohealthconcernsandtherapiddevelopmentofresistanceintargetpests,hasledtotheirrevivalasasafeandeffectivemethodofcontrollingmitesandscaleinhorticulturalcrops.
Version 2 | Date Jan 2020 | Ref 47 | Page 1
MANAGING MITES WITH BIOPEST
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Figure 1: Evidenceofmitedamageinalmonds,RobinvaleFeb2015
(Source: Phytogen Consulting)
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MANAGING MITES WITH BIOPEST Version 2 | Date Jan 2020 | Ref 47 | Page 2
Advancementsinpetroleumrefiningtechnologyandquickbreakingemulsionshaveenabledmineraloilbasedproducts,suchasBIOPEST®,tobeproducedwithoptimaldensity,higherloadingsofparaffiniccomponentsandreducedaromaticcompounds.Theseofferafargreaterdegreeofcropsafetyandpesticideactivitythanthoseavailable20yearsago.Besidestheparaffinicityofoils,othercharacteristicssuchascarbonnumber,distillationrange,unsulphonatedresidueandtypeofemulsifierpackageareimportant.Oilswithhigherparaffinicloadingandwithoptimalmolecularweighthavebeenshowntoprovideincreasedactivityonmites(seeCharts1and2).
APPLICATION TIMING BIOPEST®worksbestwhenappliedpreventatively,toanearlydevelopingpopulation,ratherthanusedasacurativeonanexistingwelldevelopedpopulation.TheuniqueformulationcharacteristicsofBIOPEST®providecontrolofexistinglownumbersofadultsthroughphysicallysmotheringandformingaprotectivelayeronleafsurfaces,thuspreventingegglaying.Thismodeofactionhasbeenvalidatedinnumerousindependentstudies(seeChart3).
Chart 1: Increaseintheefficiencyofnaphthenicandparrafinicsprayoilswithincreas-
ingmolecularweightforcontrolofCitrusRedMiteinlaboratoryexperiments.
(Source: Ebeling 1959, ‘Spray Oils’)
Citrus Red Mite control with naphthenic and parrafinic spray oils in the laboratory
Chart 2: Increaseintheefficiencyofnaphthenicandparrafinicsprayoilswithincreas-
ingmolecularweightforcontrolofCitrusRedMiteinorchardexperiments.
(Source: Ebeling 1959, ‘Spray Oils’)
Citrus Red Mite control with naphthenic and parrafinic spray oils in orchards
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MANAGING MITES WITH BIOPEST Version 2 | Date Jan 2020 | Ref 47 | Page 3
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COMPATISON WITH CONVENTIONAL MITICIDE PROGRAMSWhenusedasacalendarspray,applicationsofPSO’ssuchasBIOPEST®,havebeenshowntoprovideequivalentlevelsofcontroltostandardmiticideswithoutregularflaringevents.Howeverifexistingpopulationsarehigh,theuseofaone-offconventionalmiticideasaknockdown,suchasabamectin,toreducepopulationsbelowthreshold,followedbyregularBIOPEST® applicationswillprovidethebestlevelsofcontrol(seeChart4).
SACOA’s RECENT MITE RESEARCHOverthepasttwoyearsSACOAhasconductedindependentfieldtrialsassessingtheeffectivenessofBIOPEST®onmitesinbananasandalmonds.Thisworkwillcontinueoverthesummerof2016/17inavocadoesandalmonds.
Overthesummerseasonof2013/14,BIOPEST®wasfoundtoprovidesignificantlevelsofmitecontrolinbananas,(seeChart5)whichresultedinasignificantyieldincrease.
Chart 3: Effectsofprophylactic(●)andcurative(o)applicationofPSOonthenumber
ofT.urticae/leaf(a)andthepercentageofleavesinfestedwithmites(b)compared
withthecontrol(■)inroses.Givenaremeans±sdandmeans±0.25sd(b),n=20.
(Source: Nicetic et al 2001, ‘ Integrated pest management of Two-spotted mite.’)
Control of mites with prophylactic and curative applications of PSO
Chart 4: ComparisonbetweenPSO-basedprogram(☐)andsyntheticmiticideprogram
(■).ThePSOprogramconsistedof0.5%PSOspraysfromDay0atapproximately14day
intervalswithasingleknockdownsprayofabamectinonDay13.Theconventional
miticideprogramconsistedoftheapplicationofdicofol(#)andabamectin(*).(---)
economicthresholdof0.5miteperleaflet.
(Source: Nicetic et al (2001) ‘Integrated pest management of Two-spotted mite’)
Mite control with PSO program vs synthetic miticide program
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MANAGING MITES WITH BIOPEST Version 2 | Date Jan 2020 | Ref 47 | Page 4
During2014,BIOPEST® wasevaluatedbothasadormancysprayandafoliarsprayincombinationwithamiticideinalmonds.InthisworkadormantapplicationofBIOPEST®wasfoundtoprovidesignificantlybettercontrolofmitesthanconventionalwinteroilsappliedatthedormanttiming(seeChart6).ApplyingBIOPEST®0.5%inamixturewithSorcerer®inmid-Decemberwasfoundtobesafeoverfoliage–howeverexistingmitenumbersweretoolowtoprovideusefuldata.OneobservationofthisworkwastheshiftinmitespeciestypewithBryobiamiteoccurringearlyinsummerandtwo-spottedmiteoccurringlater.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 0
Biopest Oil 5.0L
Biopest Oil 7.5L
Mancozeb2.2KG +B iopest5.0L
BayerCSProgram
Seasol5L+ Biopest 5L
Elect 500SC 2.6l
Mite Leaf Damage with a range of Spray Programs
TruckGirth(cm)15WAT6 Mean%LeafAreaDamagedby Mites(Whole Canopy)4WAT6
0
5
10
15
20
25
BIOPEST 2.0% STIFLE2.0%V ICOL WO 2.0%
Mite Control following Dormant Sprays
TSM Mobiles TSM Eggs Bryobia Mobiles Bryobia Eggs
Chart 5: Miteleafdamageandtrunkgirthin
bananaswitharangeofsprayprograms.
(Source: Farnsworth B. – Evaluation of
replicated small plot spray programs –Innisfail
April 2014)
Chart 6:Mitepresenceonalmondleaves
followingdormantsprayapplications.Assess
322/1/15.Alltreatmentsapplied1/7/14in
2500L/Hawater.
(Source: Kimpton T, (2014) SACOA BIOPEST®
Trial in Almonds 2014-15, Robinvale, Victoria –
February 2014)
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MANAGING MITES WITH BIOPEST Version 2 | Date Jan 2020 | Ref 47 | Page 5
FURTHER INFORMATION
• http://agriculture.vic.gov.au/agriculture/pests-diseases-and-weeds/pest-insects-and-mites/two-spotted-mite/integrated-control-of-twospotted-mite-in-orchards
• http://agriculture.vic.gov.au/agriculture/pests-diseases-and-weeds/pest-insects-and-mites/two-spotted-mite
• https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/plants/fruit-and-vegetables/a-z-list-of-horticultural-insect-pests/two-spotted-mite
• https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/pome-fruit/miticides-wa-deciduous-fruit-trees
REFERENCES
• Beattie,A&Hardy,S(2005)AgFactsH2.AE.5:Usingpetroleumbasedsprayoilsincitrus.NSWDepartmentofPrimaryIndustries.
• Ebeling1959–SubtropicalFruitPests
• FarnsworthB.2014–Evaluationofreplicatedsmallplotprograms–InnisfailApril2014
• KimptonT.2015–PhytogenConsulting–SACOABiopesttrialinAlmonds–Robinvale,Victoria
• NiceticO.etal2001–IntegratedPestmanagementofTwospottedmite
FIND OUT MORE
Furtherinformationisavailableat www.sacoa.com.auorbycontactingSACOAon0893867666orcontactyourlocalSACOArepresentative;
• JamieCox NorthEasternRegionalManager 0427100065
• DamonFleay WesternRegionalManager 0427425702
DISCLAIMER AND COPYRIGHT
Thisdocumentshouldactasaguideonlyandnopurchaseorusagedecisionsshouldbemadebasedontheinformationprovidedwithoutobtainingindependent,expertadvice.
SACOAandcontributorsdonotnecessarilyrecommendorendorseanyproductsormanufacturersreferredto.SACOAPtyLtdwillnotbeliableforanyloss,damage,costorexpenseincurredorarisingbyreasonofanypersonusingorrelyingontheinformationcontainedinthisdocument.MoreinformationisavailablefromSACOAviawww.sacoa.com.auor0893867666,orbycontactingyourlocalreseller.
©2020SACOAPtyLtdAllRightsReserved.SACOAandtheGREENSicon,ANTIEVAP,BIOPEST,COHORT700,CROPSHIELD,ENHANCE,PLANTOCROP,STIFLE,X-SEED,LUREH2OandSE14areregisteredtrademarksofSACOAPtyLtd.
Figure 2: AlmondOrchard,Robinvale,wherelastsummersreseachwasconducted.
(Source: Phytogen Consulting – Feb 2015)