MANONMANIAM SUNDARANAR UNIVERSITY, … SUNDARANAR UNIVERSITY, TIRUNELVELI ... Book for Study: ......

Department of Physics S.T.Hindu College, Nagercoil

1 Dr.K.Elampari, Associate Prof. of Physics

MANONMANIAM SUNDARANAR UNIVERSITY, TIRUNELVELI

M.Sc Physics

Syllabus



2. Scheme of Examination

Sem

este

r

Title of the subject Status

Cre

dit

s

Inst

ruct

ion

al

hou

rs/w

eek

Marks

Inte

rnal

Exte

rnal

Tota

l

I

1. Classical Mechanics Theory 5 6 100

2. Mathematical Physics I Theory 5 6 100

3. Integrated Electronics Theory 5 6 100

Elective I

4.a Renewable Energy sources (or)

4.b Optoelectronics (or)

4.c Non Linear Dynamics

Theory

4

6

100

Practical I

General Physics Experiments I Practical 3 6 100

II

5. Mathematical Physics II Theory 5 6 100

6. Condensed Matter Physics Theory 5 6 100

7. Microprocessor and Microcontroller Theory 5 6 100

Elective II

8.a Numerical Methods and C++

Programming (or)

8.b Materials Science (or)

8.c Nano Physics

Theory

4

6

100

Practical 2

Electronics Experiments Practical 3 6 100

III

9. Quantum Mechanics I Theory 5 6 100

10. Electromagnetic Theory Theory 5 6 100

11. Statistical Mechanics Theory 5 6 100

12. Research Methodology Theory 4 6 100

Practical 3

General Physics Experiments II Practical 4 6 100

IV

13. Quantum Mechanics II Theory 5 6 100

14. Spectroscopy Theory 5 6 100

15. Nuclear and Particle Physics Theory 5 6 100

Project Work Project 4 6 100

Practical 4

Microprocessor and C++ Programming

Practical

4

6

100



Paper 1 Classical Mechanics

Unit I Fundamental principles and Lagrangian formulations

Mechanics of a particle and a system of particles-Conservation laws-Constraints -

Generalized coordinates-principle of virtual work-D’Alembert’s principle and Lagrange’s

equations-Applications of Lagrange’s equations.

Hamilton’s principle-Lagrange’s equation from Hamilton’s principle-examples-

conservation theorems and symmetry properties-Motion under central force- General feature-

differential equation for the orbit and classification of orbits-Kepler problem-Scattering in a

central force field- Rutherford scattering.

Unit II Rigid body dynamics

Mechanics of a rigid body- displacement of a rigid body- orthogonal transformation-

Eulerian angles-infinitesimal rotation-Coriolis effect-Kinematics of a rigid body-moments and

products of inertia-kinetic energy of a rigid body-Euler’s equation of motion-Torque free

motion- spinning top.

Oscillatory motion: Theory of small oscillations-periodic motion-frequencies of

vibration and normal modes-Linear tri atomic molecules.

Unit III Hamilton’s formulations

Hamilton’s equation from variational principle-Principle of least action-applications-

Legendre transformations-Canonical transformations-Lagrange and Poisson brackets-

equation of motion and conservation theorems in Poisson brackets.

Hamilton-Jacobi method- application to harmonic oscillator-Hamilton’s characteristic

function- separation of variables- action-angle variables-Kepler problem in action angle

variable.

Unit IV Classical chaos

Linear, nonlinear systems-integration of linear equation-Quadrature method-

integration of nonlinear second order equation- pendulum equation-phase plane analysis of

dynamical systems-phase curve of simple harmonic oscillator-phase portrait of the pendulum

Bifurcation in Logistic map-attractors- universality of chaos-Lyapunov exponent and

chaos- routes to chaos- period doubling- quasi periodicity- intermittency- crises.

Unit V Relativity

Postulates of special theory of relativity-Lorentz transformation equation-Kinematic

effects of Lorentz transformation-variation of mass with velocity-equivalence of mass and

energy- Relativistic Lagrangian and Hamiltonian-Minkowski’s space-four vectors-covariant

four dimensional formulation of the law of mechanics- Covariance of Maxwell field equations

under Lorentz transformations.

Books for Study:

1. Classical Mechanics- III Edition- Helbert Goldstein, Charles P. Poole, John Safko (Pearson,

Chennai 2011)

Books for Reference:

1. Classical mechanics by G. Aruldhas (PHI Learning Privare Limited)

2. Classical Mechanics- N.C. Rana and P.S. Joag (Tata Mc-Graw Hill, New Delhi, 1991)

3. Classical Mechanics- T. L. Chow ( John-Wiley, Newyork, 1995)



4. Nonlinear Dynamics - M. Lakshmanan and S. Rajasekar (Springer, Berlin, 2003)

Paper 2 Mathematical Physics I

Unit I Vector Analysis

Introduction – Gauss divergence theorem – Stoke’s theorem - Deductions from these

theorems –Orthogonal curvilinear co-ordinates – Differential operators in terms of orthogonal

coordinator – Spherical polar coordinates - Cylindrical coordinates-Linear vector space –

Linear independence of vectors– Inner product – Gram – Schimdt’s orthogonlisation method.

Unit II Matrices

Introduction – Special type of matrices – Transpose, Conjugate transpose of matrices –

Symmetric and antisymetric matrices – Hermitian and skew Hermitian matrices – Determinant

of a matrix – cofactor of the determinant –Inverse of a matrix –Eigen values, Eigen vectors of

a matrix – Cayley Hamilton’s theorem and related problem-diagonalisation of matrix.

Unit III Special Functions I

Bessel differential equation and Bessel functions of first kind - Generating function –

Recurrence relations – Orthonormality of Bessel functions- Laguerre’s differential equation

and Laguerre polynomial –Generating function – Recurrence relations – Orthogonal property

of Laguerre Polynomial.

Unit IV Integral Transforms

Fourier transform (FT) and its properties – FT of a derivative – Fourier sine and cosine

transform of derivatives – applications of FT to boundary value problems – Laplace transform

(LT) and its properties – LT of derivatives and integral of a function - LT of periodic functions

– applications of LT to boundary value problems.

Unit V Probability and Statistics

Introduction –Probability – sample space –Mutually exclusive events – Theorem of

total probability –Theorem of compound probability –Binomial and multinomial theorem of

probability –Theoretical distribution –Binominal, Poison and Normal distribution.

Book for Study:

1. Mathematical Physics, Sathya Prakash,Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.


1. Applied Mathematics for Engineers and Physicists, Louis A. Pipes, Lawrence R.

Harvill, McGraw-Hill Ltd,1970

2. Mathematical Methods for Physicists, George Arfken and Hans J.Weber, Edition

Academic Press, N. Y.

3. Mathematical Physics, Eugene Butkov, Addison Wesley publishers,1968.

4. Vector analysis, Murray R.Spiegel, Schaum,s McGraw Hill Professional, 2009



Paper 3 Integrated Electronics

Unit I Devices, applications and Integrated Circuits

FET- Types of FET-Characteristics and Applications of FET, MOSFET- SCR, DIAC,

TRIAC-High frequency device- Integrated Circuits- IC Fabrication Technology – Steps in

Fabrication - Integrated Resistors and Capacitors-VLSI Technology.

Unit II Digital electronics

Logic Families – DTL, RTL,TTL, ECL, I2L,CMOS,NMOS and PMOS – DTL type

AND, OR, NAND and NOR gates – RTL and TTL type NAND - CMOS NOR and CMOS

NAND – Flip Flops: RS-RST-D- JK- JK Master/Slave- Asynchronous Counters and

Synchronous Counters – Registers.

Unit III OP-AMP and applications

Characteristics and Parameters –DC Analysis of IC OPAMP- Applications of OPAMP

- Instrumentation amplifier –Sample and Hold System- Analog Multiplexer – Integrator –

Differentiator- Design of Analog circuits for the solution of Simultaneous and Differential

Equations- Filters: First and Second order LOW,HIGH and BAND pass filters.

Unit IV Timer, VCO, PLL and applications

Timer – 555 Timer IC – Internal Architecture and Working–Modes of Operation:

Monostable and Astable operation- Applications–Voltage Control Oscillator - IC 566–PLL

Concept–PLL IC 565 – Application- Frequency multiplexer - FSK Modulation and

Demodulation.

Unit V Electronic measurement and control

Sensors and Transducers – Measurement and Control – Signal Conditioning and

Recovery –Impedance Matching – Amplification (OpAmp based Feedback amp,

Instrumentation Amp) – Noise and Noise Sources -Filtering and Noise Reduction – Shielding

and Grounding – Fourier Transform – Lock- in Detector/Amplifier - Box-Car Integrator or

Averager – Modulation Techniques.

Books for Study:

1. Integrated Electronics Analog and Digital Circuits and Systems, Second Edition, Jacob

Millman, Christos C Halkias, Chetan Parikh, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private

Limited, NewDelhi.

2. Measurement, Instrumentation and Experiment Design in Physics and Engineering, M.

Sayer and A.Mansingh, Prentice Hall India Pvt.Ltd,2005

3. Analog and Digital Electronics, U.A. Bakshi, A.P.Godse, Technical Publications, Pune.


1. Introduction to Semiconductor Devices M.S.Tyagi, John Wiley and Sons.

2. Electronic instrumentation, P.P.L. Regtien, VSSD Publications, 2005

3. Instrumentation Systems: Jones' Instrument Technology 4th Ed. B.E. Noltingk,

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gw8SBQAAQBAJ



Paper 4 (a) Renewable Energy Sources

Unit I Introduction

Primary and secondary energy – Commercial and non commercial energy – renewable

and non – renewable resources and their importance – World energy use – reserves of energy

resources – energy cycle of earth – Indian energy scenario – Long term energy scenario for

India – environmental aspects of utilization.

Unit II Solar Energy

Introduction – extra terrestrial solar radiation – radiation at ground level - collectors –

Solar cells – application of solar energy – Biomass energy – biomass conversion – bio gas

production – ethanol production – pyrolysis and gasification – direct combustion – application.

Unit III Wind Energy

Introduction – basic theory – types of turbines – applications geothermal energy –

Introduction – geothermal resources types – resource base – application for heating and

electricity generation – Tidal energy – Introduction – origin of tides – Power generation scheme

– wave energy – Introduction – basic theory – wave power devices.

Unit IV Other Renewable Energy Sources

Introduction – open and closed OTEC cycles – biophotolysis – ocean current -

hydropower – introduction – basic concept – site selection – types of turbine – small scale

hydropower – magneto hydrodynamics ( MHD), Thermoelectric and Thermionic energy

resources – basic principles – power generation – nuclear energy – basic principal – power

generation (basic ideas only).

Unit V Chemical Energy Sources

Introduction – fuel cells – design and principle – classification – types – advantages

and disadvantages – applications – Batteries – Introduction – Theory – Different types of

batteries arrangements – classification of batteries – advantages of batteries for bulk storage –

Hydrogen energy – production – electrolysis – thermo chemical methods – solar energy method

– hydrogen storage.

Books for Study:

1. Non-Conventional Energy Sources, G.D.Rai, Khanna Publishers, New delhi, 1984


1. Solar Energies of thermal processe, A.Duffie and W.A. Beckmann, john – wiley, 1980.

2. Principal of solar Engineering, F.Kreith and J.F.Kreider, McGraw-Hill,1978

3. Alternate Energy Sources, T.N. Veziroglu, Vol.5 and 6, Mc Graw - Hill, 1978.

4. Solar energy – principle of thermal collection and storage S P Sukhatme and j K Nayak,

Tata Mc Graw Hill, Tata, 2008



Paper 4 (b) Optoelectronics and Lasers

Unit I Light wave fundamentals

Electromagnetic waves – dispersion – Pulse distortion – and information rate –

polarisation – resonant cavities at plane boundary – critical angle - reflections

Unit II Integrated wave guides

Dielectric slab guide – modes in the symmetric slab guide – modes in the asymmetric

slab wave guide – coupling to the wave guide – integrated optical network

Unit III Optic fibre wave guides

Step index fibre – graded index fibre – attenuation in fibres – modes in step index fibre

– modes in graded index fibre pulse distortion and information rate in optic fibres –

construction of optical fibres.

Unit IV Lasers

Emission and absorption of radiation – Einstein relations – absorption of radiation –

population inversion – threshold conditions – Laser losses – line shape functions – population

inversion and pumping threshold conditions - laser modes – Axial modes – Transverse modes

– classes of laser – doped insulator laser – semiconductor laser – gas lasers – liquid gas lasers

– single mode operation – frequency stabilization – mode locking – active mode – passive

mode locking method – Q-switching methods.

Unit V Holography

Wave front reconstruction – linearity of holographic process – image formation of

holographic process – Gabor hologram – limitations –hologram –recording the hologram –

minimum reference angle – holography of three dimension – practical problems in holography

– types of holograms – Fresnel – Fraunhofer – transmission – reflection – rainbow multiplex

– embossed and thick holograms – application of holography – holography interferometry –

holography computer memories.

Books for Study:

1. Fibre optic communications, Joseph C. Palais, Prentice Hall Publications. IV Edition (

Unit 1-3)

2. Optoelectronics, J.Wilson and J.F.B.Hawkes, Prentice Hall Publications, 1989

3. Intoduction to Fourier optics , Joseph W.Goodman , McGraw Hill, Person Education II

Edition, 1996. (Unit 5 )


1. Photonic Optical Electronics in modern communications, Amnn yariv and pochi

yeh, Oxford University Press, VI Edition, 2006

2. Optical Fibres and fiber optic Communication system, Subir kumar sarkar, S.

Chand & Co

3. Introduction to Fibre Optics, Ajoy Ghatak and K.Thyagarajan, TataMcGraw Hill



Paper 4 (c) Nonlinear Dynamics

UNIT I Nonlinearity, linear and nonlinear oscillators

Dynamical systems-linear and nonlinear forces-mathematical implications of

nonlinearity-working definition of nonlinearity-effects of nonlinearity-linear oscillators and

predictability-damped and driven nonlinear oscillators-dissipative and conservative systems-

autonomous and non autonomous systems.

UNIT II Equilibrium points, bifurcations and chaos

Equilibrium points-general criteria for stability-classification-some simple

bifurcations-saddle node, pitch fork, transcritical and Hopf bifurcations-discrete dynamical

systems-logistic map-equilibrium points and their stability-period doubling phenomenon-

chaos-continuous dynamical systems-Duffing oscillator-bifurcation scenario-period doubling

and intermittency routes to chaos.

UNIT III Chaos in nonlinear electronic circuits

Linear and nonlinear circuit elements-nonlinear circuits-Chua’s diode-autonomous

case-bifurcations and chaos-chaotic dynamics of MLC circuit-analogue circuit simulation-

some other useful nonlinear circuits-RL diode circuit-Hunt’s nonlinear oscillator-P-N junction

diode oscillator- Colpitt’s oscillator.

UNIT IV Fractals

Self similarity-properties and examples of fractals-fractal dimension-construction and

properties of some fractals-middle one third cantor set-Koch curve-Sierpinski triangle-Julia

set-Mandelbrot set-applications of fractal.

UNIT V Solitons

Linear waves-linear non dispersive wave propagation-linear dispersive wave

propagation-nonlinear dispersive systems-Korteweg de vries equation-solitary and cnoidal

waves-numerical experiments of Zabusky and Kruskal-birth of solitons--properties of solitons-

applications of solitons.

Book For Study:

1. Nonlinear dynamics, Integrability, Chaos, Patterns, M. Lakshmanan and S.Rajasekar,

Springer, Berlin, 2003.


1. Chaos in nonlinear oscillator, controlling and synchronization, M.Lakshmanan and

K.Murali.(World Scientific, Singapor,1997.)

2. Deterministic chaos, H.G.Schuster,(Verlag,Weinheim,1998.)

3. Nonlinear oscillations, dynamical systems and bifurcations of vector fields,

J.Guckenheimer and P.Holmes, Springer, New York,1983.

4. Nonlinear waves in one dimensional dispersive systems, P.L.Bhatnagar, Oxford

Univ.press,Bombay, 1979.



Paper 5 Mathematical Physics II

Unit I Complex Analysis

Functions of complex variable – limit, continuity and differentiability –Analytic

functions – Cauchy –Riemann differential equation – Harmonic functions – Cauchy’s integral

theorem – Cauchy’s integral formula – derivatives of analytic functions – Taylors series –

Laurent’s series –Residues and their evaluations – Cauchy’s residue theorem –Evaluation of

definite integrals of trigonometric functions sin θ and cos θ

Unit II Group Theory

Concept of a group – Abelian group – cyclic group – subgroup – coset - classes –

conjugate subgroups – Isomorphism and homomorphism – Reducible and irreducible

representations – some important theorems on representations – Orthogonality theorem –

Construction of character table for C2v, C3v and D3 groups.

Unit III Special Functions II

Introduction – Legendre differential equation and Legendre polynomial – Generating

functions – Rodrigue’s formula –Orthogonal property –Recurrence relations - Hermite

differential equation and Hermite polynomial –Generating function –Recurrence relations –

Rodrigue’s formula – Orthogonal property.

Unit IV Partial Differential Equations

Linear partial differential equations – Heat conducting equations – Vibrating string

equation – Laplace equations – Longitudinal and transverse vibration of a beam –General

solution to boundary value problem – Separation of variables – Laplace transform method –

Complex variable method.

Unit V Tensor Analysis

Introduction – Scalar, contravarient and covarient vectors – Tensor of higher ranks –

Algebraic operations of tensors – Symmetric and anti symmetric tensor – Fundamental tensor

– Associated tensor –Tensor form of gradient , divergence, Laplacian and curl – Tensors in

dynamic of a particle –Tensors in elasticity – Moment of inertia tensor.

Books for Study:

1. Mathematical Physics, Sathyapakash, Sultan Chand &Sons, New Delhi.

2. Theory and Problems of Advanced Mathematics, Murray R Spiegel, Schaum,s outline

series 1983


1. Applied Mathematics for Engineers and Physicsts, Louis A.Pipes, Lawrence R.

Harvill, McGraw-Hill Ltd,1970

2. Mathematical Methods for Physicists, George Arfken and Hans J.Weber, Edition

Academic Press, N. Y.

3. Mathematical Physics, Eugene Butkov, Addison Wesley publishers,1968.

4. Matrices and Tensors in Physics- A.W.Joshi, 3rd edition, New Age International

Publishers, New Delhi, 1995.



Paper 6 Condensed Matter Physics

Unit I Crystallography and crystal binding

Bragg’s law-scattered wave amplitude-Brillouin zones-Fourier analysis of the basis-

quasi crystals-crystals of inert gases-ionic crystals-covalent crystals-metals-hydrogen bonds-

atomic radii-analysis of elastic strains-elastic compliance and stiffness constants-elastic wave

in cubic crystals

Unit II Phonons and thermal properties

Vibrations of crystals with monoatomic basis-two atoms per primitive basis-

quantization of elastic waves-phonon momentum-inelastic scattering by phonons-density of

states in 3 dimension-Debye model for density of states-Debye T3 law-Einstein model of the

density of states-thermal conductivity-thermal resistivity of phonon gas-Umklapp processes

Unit III Free electron theory, Energy bands and Semiconductor crystals

Energy levels in one dimension-free electron gas in three dimensions-heat capacity of

the electron gas-electrical conductivity and Ohm’s law-Hall effect-thermal conductivity of

metals-Bloch functions-Kronig-Penney model-band gap-equations of motion of electron and

hole-Fermi surfaces –energy band calculation-De Haas –van Alphen Effect

Unit IV Dia, Para, Ferro and Anti Ferro magnetism

Langevin diamagnetism equation-quantum theory of diamagnetism-quantum theory of

paramagnetism-Hund rules-Paramagnetic susceptibility of conduction electrons-ferromagnetic

order-magnons-ferrimagnetic order-antiferro magnetic order-ferromagnetic domains-origin of

domains-nuclear magnetic resonance

Unit V Dielectrics, Ferroelectrics and Super conductivity

Macroscopic electric field-local field at an atom-dielectric constant and polarizability-

Structural phase transitions-ferroelectric crystals- antiferroelectricity-ferroelectric domains-

piezoelectricity-occurrence of superconductivity-Meissner effect-thermodynamics of

superconducting transition-London equation-coherence length-BCS theory of

superconductivity-single particle tunneling- DC Josepson and AC Josepson effects-SQUID-

recent developments and applications of superconductivity.

Book for study:

1. Introduction to Solid State Physics,Charles Kittel,Seventh Edition Wiley-India sixth

reprint 2007.

Books for reference

1.Solid State Physics –R J Singh,Pearson First impression 2012

2.Solid State Physics –Vimal Kumar Jain Ane Books Pvt Ltd 2013

3.Solid State Physics-H C Gupta,Vikas Publishing house Pvt Ltd Reprint 2005

4.Solid State Physics-S O Pillai New age international Publishers



Paper 7 Microprocessor and Microcontroller

Unit I Introduction to 8085 Microprocessor

Pin Diagram and description – Bus System, Control Signals, Status Signals - Clock

System - Latching of Address Bus – Interrupt System – Direct Memory Access- Internal

architecture - ALU- Registers organization - Special purpose Registers and Counters – Flags -

Program Status Word.

Unit II Programming 8085

Assembly Language Programming – Assembler – Instruction Format of 8085-

Instruction Set - Addressing Modes - Instruction Cycle, Machine Cycle and T-States –

Timing Diagram of Read, Write machine Cycles and some basic Instructions - 8 bit and 16 bit

addition and subtraction- Loops and Branching - Multiplication and Division in 8085-

Searching and Sorting – Finding smallest/biggest number in an array - Time delay calculation-

Stack and Subroutines – Software Interrupts and ISR- Data Transfer Schemes.

Unit III Interfacing and peripheral devices

Address Space of 8085- Address space partition- Memory Interfacing – Memory map

and Address decoding- Interfacing of RAM (2K x 8 & 4K x 8) and ROM (2K x 8 & 4K x 8)

– I/O mapped I/O and Memory Mapped I/O interfacing Schemes – Ports - Interfacing chips:

Nonprogrammable Port 8212 – Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI) 8255 architecture,

Control Signals and operating Modes – Programmable Interval Timer (PIT) 8253 – DMA

Controller 8257.

Unit IV Micro Controller 8051

Introduction - Comparison of Microcontroller & Microprocessor - Pin Diagram and

description – Block Diagram of 8051 and Internal Architecture – Clocks - Registers- Flags-

Internal Memory, SFR and I/O Ports – External Memory and decoding- Instruction Set and

Addressing Modes of 8051- Features available in 8051: Timer and Counters, Timer Modes –

Serial Port and Serial Data Transfer – Programming 8051 and Introduction to Programming

8051 through embedded C.

Unit V Micro Processor/Controller based system design and Applications

Design considerations - Sensors and Transducers – Sample and Hold Circuits- -

Interfacing Keyboard and multiplexed seven segment displays with 8085 – DAC and ADC

interfacing – Square, Rectangular and Ramp Wave Generation - Interfacing LCD with 8051-

Temperature measurement and control using 8051- Frequency and resistance measurement

using 8085- Digital Clock using 8085- Stepper Motor Control in 8085- Traffic Control system

using 8085/8051.

Books for Study:

1. Fundamentals of Microprocessor and Microcontrollers by B. Ram - Dhanpat Rai

Publications, 5th Edition

2. Microprocessor and microcontroller system (First Edition) by Godse and Godse , Technical

Publication Pune

3. The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems Using Assembly and C , 2nd Ed.

Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice G. Mazidi, Rolin D. McKinlay, Pearson India.


1. Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with the 8085 , Ramesh S.

Gaonkar –4th Ed. Penram International.

2. The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture, Programming and Applications - Kenneth J.

Ayala - Penram International Publishing.

http://www.amazon.in/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1?ie=UTF8&field-author=B.+Ram&search-alias=stripbooks



3. Micro Controller based Temperature Monitoring and Control by Dogan Ibrahim,

Elsevier Science & Technology Books

Paper 8 (a) Numerical Methods and C++ Programming

Unit I Roots of equations and Eigen-value problems

Bracketing Methods: Bisection method, False-Position Method. Open Methods:

Newton-Raphson method. Secant Method. Muller’s Method - Lin-Bairstow’s Method. Linear

Algebraic Equations: Gauss elimination – Gauss-Jordan – Gauss-Jacobi - Gauss-Seidel

methods – Inverse of a matrix by Gauss Jordan elimination method. Eigen value of a matrix

by Power method.

Unit II Curve Fitting / Interpolation

Curve fitting: Linear Least square fitting - Nonlinear Fit- Fitting a Polynomial

Function, Power function, Exponential function – Cubic spline fitting – Interpolation:

Fundamental theorem of finite difference, Finite difference interpolation with equally spaced:

Newton’s forward and backward difference formulae – Unequally spaced: Lagrangian

interpolation formula – Gauss’s forward and backward formulae –– Basic ideas of

extrapolation.

Unit III Numerical Differentiation and Integration, Ordinary Differential Equations

Numerical Differentiation: Methods based on interpolation: non uniform & uniform

nodal points – Methods based on finite differences: forward & backward difference formulae.

Numerical Integration: Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson Rule – Monte-Carlo evaluation of

integration. Methods based on undetermined coefficients: Gauss–Legendre, Gauss - Lagurre,

Gauss - Hermite integration methods. Ordinary Differential Equations- Taylor’s Series

Method- Euler’s Method – Runge-Kutta 2nd and 4th Order Methods-Predictor-Corrector

Methods

Unit IV C++ Programming fundamentals

Introduction to C++: Constants, variables, data types, declaration of variables, user defined

declaration, operators, true and false values, relational and logical operators, hierarchy of

arithmetic operators. Expressions and statements: Boolean expressions; Decision making

statements: if, if ---- else, switch, go to; Looping statements: while, do --- while, for, built in

functions. Arrays – Array notation – Declaration – Initialization processing with Array –

Arrays and functions – Multi dimensional array – character array – pointer declaration –

operator – Address operator – pointer expression – pointers and function – call by value – call

by reference – pointers to function – pointers and strings. Classes – Declaration – Member

function – objects – Accessing a member of a class.

Unit: V C++ Programming applications

Programme structure: header files, local, global and static variables, input and output

statements; Euler’s Method: Charging and discharging of a condenser; Runge-Kutta methods:

Radioactive Decay; Newton-Raphson method: Solution van der Waals equation; Gauss

elimination method: Currents in Wheatstone’s bridge; Linear fitting - least square method :

Cauchy’s constant; Simpson’s and Monte–Carlo methods : Evaluation of (integral) area under



the curve; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of symmetry matrices; Numerical differentiation:

Newton’s Law of cooling.

Books for Study:

1. M.K. Jain, S.R.K. Iyengar, R.K. Jain, Numerical Methods for Scientific and Engineering

computation, 3rd edition, New age international (P) Ltd, Chennai (1998).

2. S.S.Sastry, Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis, 4th Edn., Prentice Hall of India

(P) Ltd. New Delhi (2005).

3. E. Balgurusamy, Object Oriented Programming with C++, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi

(2000).

4. B. Chandra, Object Oriented Programming using C++, Narosa, New Delhi(2002).


1. M.K. Venketraman, Numerical Methods in Science and Engineering 2nd Ed., National

Publishing Co., Chennai(2010).

2. . E. Balagurusamy, Computer Oriented Statistical and Numerical Methods, Macmillan

India Ltd, New Delhi (2000).

3. WH Press, SA Teukolsky, WT.Vetterling and BP.Flannery, Numerical Recipes in

C/C++, 2ndEd., Cambridge University Press, London (2004).

4. Stephen Prata, C++ Primer Plus, Galgotia Publications, New Delhi (1992).



Paper 8(b) Materials Science

Unit I Phase diagram

Phase rule-Single component systems-Binary Phase diagrams-Micro structural changes

during cooling-The lever rule-Some typical phase diagrams-other applications of phase

diagrams-Phase transformations-Time scale for phase changes-Nucleation and growth-The

growth and the overall Transformation kinetics-applications

Unit II Elastic behaviour

Atomic model for elastic behaviour-The Modulus as a parameter in Design-Rubber like

elasticity- Anelastic behaviour-Relaxation behaviours-Viscoelastic behaviour-Spring-Dashpot

models

Unit III Structure of solids

The crystalline and non-crystalline states-Covalent solids-Metals and alloys-Ionic

solids-The structure of silica and silicate-polymers-classification of polymers-Structure of long

chain polymers-Crystallinity of long chain polymers

Unit IV Imperfections

Crystal imperfections-Point imperfections-The geometry of dislocations-other

properties of dislocations-Surface imperfections

Unit V Oxidation, corrosion and other deformation of materials

Mechanisms of Oxidation-Oxidation resistant materials-the principles of corrosion-

protection against corrosion-Plastic deformation-The tensile stress-strain curve-Plastic

deformation by slip-Creep-Mechanisms of creep-Creep resistant materials-Ductile fracture-

brittle fracture-methods of protection against fracture

Book for Study:

1. Materials Science and Engineering-A First Course V.Raghavan Fifth Edition Prentice

Hall of India, New Delhi,2011


1. A text book of Material Science and metallurgy O P Khanna Dhanpat Rai Publications

2013

2. Rudiments of Materials science S O Pillai Sivagami Pillai New age international

Publishers 2005

3. Callister’s Materials Science and Engineering Adapted by R.Balasubramaniam Wiley-

India 2010

4. Materials Science P K Palanisamy



Paper 8 (c) Nano Physics

Unit I Nano particle Physics

Magnetic properties of Nano particles - Optical properties of Nano particles - Photonic

materials theory - Nano particle quantum dot - Quantum wire, Quantum well and SET

Unit II Semiconductor quantum dots and self-assembled Monolayers

Introduction-Synthesis of Quantum dots - Electronic structure of Nanocrystals - How

do we study Quantum dots - correlation of properties with size – uses - Self assembled

Monolayers - Introduction - Monolayers on Gold - Growth process - Phase transitions-

Patterning monolayers - SAMs and Applications-Super lattices.

Unit III CNT and nanotechnology

Introduction-nanotechnology materials-Fullerenes-Carbon nanotube-single walled

carbon nanotubes-chiral vector and chiral angle- multiwalled carbon nanotube-development of

carbon nanotubes-applications of carbon nanotubes-Molecular machine components-

Simulation based micro and nanosystem design-introduction-The need for simulation tool-

FEM

Unit IV Molecular electronics

Introduction-Molecular materials for Electronics-Molecular scale electronics-Theory-

Introduction-Molecular properties-Molecular arrangement- Molecular Interactions-Material

properties-Biomolecular optoelectronics-introduction- Linear optoelectronic devices-

Nonlinear optoelectronic devices.

Unit V Investigating and manipulating materials in the nanoscale

Introduction - Electron Microscopies -Scanning Probe Microscopies -Optical

microscopies for nanoscience and Technology-Photoelectron spectroscopy - X-ray diffraction

- Nanotribology-Studying Tribology at the Nanoscale- Nanotribology applications-

Outstanding issues.

Books for Study:

1. NANO: The essentials Understanding Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ,T.Pradeep

2. McGraw-Hill Education, 2007

3. MEMS, Nitai Premchand Mahalik,TataMcGraw Hill Publishing Co.Ltd ,2007

4. An introduction to molecular electronics, Michael Petty, Martin R.Bryce and David

Bloor. Edward Arnold, Hodder Headline PLC, 338 Euston Road, London NW1

3BH,1995

5. A Hand book on Nanophysics, John D. Miller Dominant Publishers and Distributors,

2008


1. Nanotechnology –Gregory Timp Springer Second Indian print 2008



2. Nanotechnology-Richard Booker and Earl Boyson Wiley Publishing,Inc reprint 2007

3. The nanoscope,Encyclopedia fo Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Vol. 1 Dr.Parag

Diwan and Ashish Bharadwaj Pentagon Press 2005

Practical 1

General Physics Experiments I

Any 10 Experiments

1. Susceptibility

a. Determination of susceptibility of the given paramagnetic solution by Quinke’s

Method for various normalities.

b. Determination of Magnetic Moment and Bohr Magnetron from graph and by

calculation for various normalities.

2. Cauchy’s Constant

a. Determination of Cauchy’s Constant by spectrometer.

b. Verification of the experimental result with graphically obtained value.

3. Michelson’s Interferometer

Determination of wavelength of a source and thickness of a thin transparent medium

by forming interference pattern.

4. Hyperbolic fringes

Determination of Young’s modulus, Bulk modulus, Rigidity modulus, poisson’s

ratio and compressibility of the given material by forming Hyperbolic fringes.

5. Anderson’s Bridge

Determination of self inductance of the given coil - (different turns/coil).

6. Ultrasonic Interferometer

Determination of velocity of ultrasonic sound in the given liquid and compressibility

of the liquid.

7. Force Constants

Calculation of force constants of a molecule from the vibrational spectral data -At

least 3 spectrum

8. Young’s Double Slit

Determination of wave length of the light source or width of the double slit using

Laser source for a) standard kit b) lab/custom made double slit

9. Solar Absorption Spectrum

Importance of Solar Absorption spectrum and Fraunhofer lines

Determination of wavelength of various absorptions.

10. Thickness of a thin material/ diameter of a thread.

Determination of thickness of a very thin material or diameter of a thread using

LASER diffraction and also by Air wedge method. Comparison of the results.

Variation in thickness/diameter with Load.



11. Mutual Inductance

Determination of mutual inductance between a pair of coils. Study of variation of

mutual inductance for various distances and angles between the coils and

determination of coefficient of coupling in each case. Graphical determination of

break in coupling for distance and angle.

12. XRD - Crystallographic Parameters

a) Braggs’ Law of Diffraction - derivation.

b) Definition of Crystallographic Parameters – d-Spacing and lattice parameters.

c) Crystal systems and d-spacing in different crystal systems.

d) Content of ICDD file (formerly known as JCPDS)

e) Determination of unit cell dimensions

f) Crystal parameter for the given XRD spectrums.

13. Optical Fibre Characteristics

Determination of

a. Numerical aperture and acceptance angle

b. Attenuation in the fibre and c. Loss due to air gaps and coupling.

Practical 2

Electronics Experiments

Any 10 Experiments

1. Series Voltage Regulator

Construction of a series voltage regulator using transistor (as an error amplifier) - study the

regulation factors (line regulation, load regulation) - to find out the percentage of regulation

2. Schmitt Trigger

Designing of a Schmitt trigger circuit using transistors - Trace the input and output

waveforms - Draw Hysteresis curve and calculate hysteresis voltage both theoretically and

experimentally.

3. Wave Form Generators

Construction of a triangular and a ramp wave generator using Op-Amps and construction

of 555 timer based square wave generator. Theoretical calculation of the frequency of the

output wave for various R and C values with experimental verification.

4. Filters

Design and construction of II order Active Filters (Low pass, High Pass and Band Pass)

using IC 741 for a particular frequency - Draw frequency response curve for each case.

5. Counters and Decoders

Construction and study of Modulus counters (2 to 9) using IC 7490 or any equivalent IC.

Use a 7 segment decoder and a 7 segment display to show output.



6. UJT Characteristics and Relaxation Oscillator

Characteristics study of UJT - construction of a relaxation Oscillator using UJT to produce

the saw tooth wave - Frequency response of the output for various R and C values.

7. Phase Shift and Phase Shift Circuit

Design a Phase shifter circuit using Op-Amp – Measurement of the Phase shift of the input

wave for various R and C combinations - Comparison of the experimental output with

theoretical values.

8. Analog to Digital Conversion

Construction of ADC converter using Comparator and an Encoder ICs - Measurement of

the digital outputs for various input voltages – Resolution measurement.

9. Digital to Analog Conversion

Construction of Weighted Resistor and R-2R Ladder Network D/A converters using IC

741- Graphing input and output voltages – Resolution Measurement.

10. SCR Characteristics and Power Control

Characteristics study of SCR - Construction of a power controller device using SCR.

11. Construction of Constant Current Source

Construction of a constant current source using op-amp and transistor/FET (Floating and

Grounded Load) - I-R characteristics.

12. FET Characteristics and Amplifier

Drain and Transfer characteristics of FET – FET parameters from the characteristics-

Designing of a voltage amplifier using FET – Frequency response and bandwidth of the

amplifier.

13. Code Converters

Construction of Code converters using ICs - Tabulate input and output for various decimal

numbers

a. BCD to Excess-3 b. BCD to Gray

c. Excess-3 to BCD d. Gray to Excess-3

14. Analog Computation.

Solve the given 2 variable simultaneous equations by constructing the Analog computers

using Op-Amps.

Sample Eqns. a) X+2Y =4 ; 2X+Y = 5 b) 3P + 2Q = 18 ; P + Q =7.



Paper 9 Quantum Mechanics I

UNIT I Fundamentals of wave mechanics

Heisenberg uncertainty principle- The classical uncertainty relation- Illustration of

uncertainty relation- Phase and Group velocities- Wave packets and uncertainty principle-

Gaussian wave packet- Stern Gerlach experiment

Construction of Schrodinger equation- Solution of time dependent equation- Parseval’s

theorem -physical interpretation of * - conditions for allowed wave functions- Box

normalization- Conservation of probability- Expectation values- Basic postulates- Time

evolution of stationary states- conditions for allowed transitions- orthogonality of two states-

phase of the wave function.

UNIT II Operators and matrix mechanics

Introduction- linear operators- commuting and noncommuting operators- Self adjoint

and Hermitian operators- discrete and continuous Eigen values- meaning of Eigen values and

Eigen functions- parity operator- matrix representation of operator and wave function-

Schrodinger wave equation and other quantities in matrix form- matrix theory of harmonic

oscillator- Dirac’s BRA and KET vectors- Linear vector space and Hilbert space- Projection

and Displacement operators-Momentum Eigen function- Transformation between momentum

and coordinate representation-operators in momentum representation- momentum function of

some systems

Unit III Equation of motion and density matrix

Introduction- Schrodinger picture- Heisenberg picture- Interaction picture- Poisson

bracket and commutator bracket- evaluation of commutator bracket- Density operator- Density

matrix for a single system- Density matrix for an ensemble -Time evolution of Density

operator- spin ½ system

UNIT IV Exactly soluble systems

Bound states: Simple Harmonic oscillator- Schrodinger equation- Eigen values, energy

Eigen function- Three dimensional Square Well potential- Solution in interior region, exterior

region and matching—Rigid rotator- wave equation- Eigen values and Eigen function for the

rotator- Hydrogen atom-solution of radial equation- energy levels- stationary state wave

function- discussion of bound states. Scattering states: Potential barrier- Tunnel effect- finite

square well potential-potential step- locally periodic potential- reflectionless potentials.

Unit V Theory of angular momentum

Introduction: Scalar wave function under rotation- orbital angular momentum- Eigen pairs

of L2 and Lz - properties of components of L and L2 - eigen spectra through commutation

relations- matrix representation of L2 , Lz and L± - spin states of an electron- spin orbit

coupling- rotational transformation- rotational properties of operator- addition of angular

momenta- Clebsch- Gordan coefficients

Books for Study:

1. Quantum Mechanics - L. Schiff- Third Edition (Tata Mc-Graw Hill, New Delhi)


1. Quantum Mechanics I: Fundamentals- S. Rajasekar and R. Velusamy (CRC Press,

Taylor and Francis group- Boca Raton, London)

2. A Text Book of Quantum Mechanics- P. M. Mathews and K. Venkatesan (Tata

McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1987)



3. Quantum Mechanics - S. Devanarayanan (Sci.Tech.Pub., Pvt Ltd, Chennai, 2005)

4. Quantum Mechanics- G. Aruldhas (Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2003)

Paper 10 Electromagnetic Theory

Unit I Electrostatics

Coulomb's law – Gauss law – Poisson’s equation and Laplace’s equation – work done

to move a point charge – energy of a point charge and continuous charge distribution – methods

of images – electric field in dielectric materials – induced dipoles and polarizability –

connection between polarizability and susceptibility – susceptibility, permittivity and dielectric

constant of linear dielectric.

Unit II Magnetostatics

Lorentz force law – Biot-savart’s law and Ampere’s law – magnetic vector potential

multipole- Expansion of the vector potential – Effects of a magnetic field on atomic orbits –

magnetic energy – Dia, Para, Ferro magnetism – magnetic susceptibility and permeability in

linear and non linear media.

Unit III Electrodynamics

Electromagnetic induction – Faraday’s law – Maxwell’s equation differential and

integral form – Boundary conditions on field vectors D, E, B and H – Scalar and vector

potentials – Gauge transformations – Lorentz and coulomb gauge – pointing vector and

pointing theorem – Maxwell’s stress tensor – Conservation of momentum.

Unit IV Electromagnetic waves

The wave equation for E and B – Monochromatic plane waves – energy and momentum

in EM waves in linear media – Reflection and transmission at normal and Oblique incidence –

EM waves in conductors wave guides – TE waves in rectangular wave guides – the coaxial

transmission line.

Unit V Electromagnetic radiation

Retarded potential – Lenard – Wiechart potential – Electric dipole radiation – magnetic

dipole radiation – power radiated by a point charge – amour formula – Abraham Lorentz

formula for the radiation reaction – physical origin of radiation reaction.

Book for Study:

1. Introduction to Electrodynamics, David J Griffiths. Prentice Hall of India. II Edition,

1989.


1. Classical electrodynamics, J.D.Jackson., Wiley Eastern Publication. Second edition,

1975

2. Foundation of electromagnetic theory, J.R. Reitz, E.J Milford and R.W Christy

3. Electromagnetic fields and waves, P.Lorrain and D.Corson. CBS Publishers and

distributors, 1986

4. Electrodynamics, B.P Laud, New Age International Pvt. Ltd. 1987



Paper 11 Statistical Mechanics

Unit I Basic concepts

Phase space-phase-space diagram of an oscillator-Volume in phase space-Ensembles-

Microcanonical ensemble-Canonical ensemble-Grand canonical ensemble-Density of

distribution in phase space-Liouvilles theorem-Postulate of equal a priori probability-

statistical, mechanical and thermal equilibriums-connection between statistical and

thermodynamical quantities.

Unit II M-B Distribution law

Microstates and macro states-Stirling’s approximation-Thermodynamic probability-

General statistical distribution law-Classical Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law-Evaluation

of constants in the Maxwell Boltzmann distribution law-Maxwell’s law of distribution of

velocities-principle of equipartition of energy- Boltzmann entropy relation-Probability of

magnetic moment distribution of independent atoms.

Unit III Quantum statistics

Postulatory foundations of quantum mechanics-Transition from classical statistical

mechanics to quantum statistical mechanics-Indistinguishability and quantum statistics-

Exchange symmetry of wave functions-Bose-Einstein Statistics-Fermi-Dirac statistics-

Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics-Results of three statistics-Thermodynamic interpretation of the

parameters α and β-Black body radiation and the Planck radiation law

Unit IV Applications of quantum statistics:

Specific heat of solids-Dulong and Petit law-Einstein theory of specific heat of solids-

Debye theory of specific heat of solids-Criticism of Debye’s theory-Ideal Bose Einstein Gas-

Energy and pressure of the Gas-Gas degeneracy-Bose-Einstein Condensation-Thermal

properties of Bose Einstein Gas-Ideal Fermi Dirac gas- Energy and pressure of the Gas-

Thermodynamics functions of degenerate Fermi-Dirac gas-Electron Gas

Unit V Phase transitions

Phase transition-Phase transitions of first and second kind-critical exponent-Yang and

Lee theory-Phase transitions of second kind: the Ising model-Braggs-Williams approximation-

One dimensional Ising model

Book for Study:

1. Elementary statistical Mechanics Dr.S.L.Gupta & Dr. V.Kumar,Pragati Prakasan,Meerut

22nd Edition 2008


1. Fundamentals of statistical mechanics B B Laud New age international Publishers 2005

2. An Introductory course of Statistical Mechanics Palash B.Pal Narosa First reprint 2009



3. Statistical Mechanics by Kerson Huang

4. Statistical Mechnics by Sears and Salinger.

Paper 12 Research Methodology

Unit I Fundamentals of Research: Definitions and characteristics of research - Research

process and steps in it - Areas of research –Research methods vs Methodology - Characteristics

of scientific method - Motivation and objectives - Bias and Prejudice in research - Types of

research – Descriptive vs Analytical, Applied vs Fundamental, Quantitative vs Qualitative,

Conceptual vs Empirical.

Unit II Formulation of Research : Defining and formulating the research problem -Selecting

the problem - Necessity of defining the problem - Importance of literature review in defining a

problem – Literature review – Primary, secondary and tertiary sources – reviews, treatise,

monographs-patents – web as a source – searching the web - Critical literature review –

Identifying gap areas from literature review.

Unit III Research Design : Basic Principles- Need of research design – Features of good

design – Important concepts relating to research design – Observation and Facts, Laws and

Theories, Prediction and explanation, Induction, Deduction, Development of Models.

Developing a research plan - Exploration, Description, Diagnosis and Experimentation.

Determining experimental and sample designs.

Unit IV Execution and reporting research: Observation and Collection of theoretical &

experimental data - Methods of data collection – Comparison of Data - Generalization and

Interpretation. Structure and components of scientific reports -Types of report – Technical

reports and thesis –Different steps in the preparation – Layout, structure and Language of thesis

– Illustrations, figures and tables- Quotation and footnotes - Bibliography, referencing.

Unit V Research ethics and publication of results : Environmental impacts - Ethical issues

- Plagiarism – Research Journals – Impact Factor – Citation Index – Reporting to Journals -

Commercialization – Copyright – royalty - Intellectual property rights and patent law – Trade

Related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights – Reproduction of published material -

Reproducibility and accountability.

Books For Study:

1. Kothari C.K., Research Methodology 2nd Ed, – Methods and Techniques, New Age

International, New Delhi (2004).

2. Garg, B.L., Karadia, R., Agarwal, F. and Agarwal, An introduction to Research

Methodology, RBSA Publishers, U.K. (2002).

3. Sinha, S.C. and Dhiman, A.K., Research Methodology 2 volumes, Ess Publishers, New

Delhi (2002).

4. Trochim, W.M.K., Research Methods: The Concise Knowledge Base, Atomic Dog

Publishing, OH US (2005).

5. Wadehra, B.L., Law relating to patents, trademarks, copyright designs and geographical

indications, Universal Law Publishing. New Delhi (2000).


1. S. Rajasekar, P. Philominathan and V. Chinnathambi, Research Methodology

2. Anthony, M., Graziano, A.M. and Raulin, M.L., Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry,

Allyn and Bacon, Boston,US (2009).



3. Day, R.A., How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper, Cambridge University Press.

U.K (1992).

4. Leedy, P.D. and Ormrod, J.E., Practical Research: Planning and Design 10th Ed., Pearson

New International Edn, USA, (2014)

Paper 13 Quantum Mechanics II

Unit I Approximation Methods I

Time Independent Perturbation Theory: Introduction- Theory for nondegenerate case-

Application to non degenerate levels- Theory of degenerate levels- First order Stark effect in

Hydrogen atom

Time Dependent Perturbation Theory: Introduction- Transition probability- constant

perturbation-Harmonic perturbation- adiabatic perturbation- sudden approximation-

application to semi classical theory of radiation- calculation of Einstein coefficients

Unit II Approximation methods II

WKB method: Introduction- principle of WKB method- applications of WKB method- WKB

quantization with perturbation- asymptotic method

Variational approach: Introduction- calculation of ground state energy- trial Eigen functions

for excited states- application to hydrogen molecule- Hydrogen molecule ion

Unit III Scattering theory

Kinematics of scattering process- wave mechanical picture- Green’s functions - Born

approximation and its validity- Born series- screened columbic potential-scattering from Born

approximation.-Partial wave analysis: asymptotic behavior- phase shift- scattering amplitude

in terms of phase shifts-differential and total cross sections- optical theorem- low scattering-

resonant scattering- nonresonant scattering- scattering length and effective range- Ramsauer

Townsend effect- scattering by square well potential

Unit IV Identical particles

Identical particles- Introduction- symmetric and anti-symmetric wave functions- The

exclusion principle- spin Eigen function of two electrons- exchange interaction- excited states

of Helium atom- collision between identical particles

Symmetry in Quantum Mechanics: Conservation laws and degeneracy associated with

symmetries - Continuous symmetries- Space and time translations- Rotations- Group theory

applied to symmetries - Wigner-Eckart theorem - Discrete symmetries - Parity and Time

reversal

Unit V Relativistic quantum theory

Schrodinger relativistic equation- Klein-Gordon equation- charge and current densities-

interaction with electromagnetic field- Hydrogen like atom-nonrelativistic limit.

Dirac’s relativistic Hamiltonian- probability density- Dirac matrices- plane wave solution-

Eigen spectrum- spin of Dirac’s particle- significance of negative energy states- concept of anti

particles- electron in a magnetic field- spin magnetic moment- spin orbit energy

Books for Study:

1. Quantum Mechanics - L. Schiff Third Edition (Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi)


1. Quantum Mechanics I: The Fundamentals- S. Rajasekar and R. Velusamy- (CRC

Press, Taylor and Francis group- Boca Raton, London)

2. A Text Book of Quantum Mechanics- P. M. Mathews and K. Venkatesan, (Tata



McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1987)

3. Quantum Mechanics - S. Devanarayanan, (SciTech Publications Pvt Ltd, Chennai,

4. Quantum Mechanics - V. Devanathan, (Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2006)

Paper 14 Spectroscopy

Unit I Microwave Spectroscopy

Classification of molecules based on moment of inertia – rotational spectra of rigid and

non-rigid diatomic molecules – Isotopic effect – intensities of spectral lines and information

from them – linear polyatomic molecule - symmetric top molecule – chemical analysis –

microwave spectrometer.

Unit II Infrared Spectroscopy

Vibrating diatomic and polyatomic molecules – Simple harmonic oscillator –

anhormonicity – Hydrogen bonding – Fermi resonance – rotation vibration spectra of

polyatomic molecule – information from IR spectra – IR spectrometer – FTIR.

Unit III Raman Spectroscopy

Theory of Raman scattering – rotation vibration Raman spectra – mutual exclusion

principle – Raman spectrometer – polarization of Raman scattered light – structure

determination using IR and Raman spectrum – phase transition – resonance Raman scattering.

Unit IV Resonance Spectroscopy

Magnetic properties of nuclei – resonance condition – relaxation time – Chemical shift

– application to molecular structure – Bloch equation – NMR instrumentation – NMR imaging

– ESR theory and hyperfine structure ESR spectra of hydrogen atom and anisotropic systems

– triplet state analysis – crystal defects and biological studies – ESR spectrometer.

Unit V Surface spectroscopy

Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy EELS – Reflection – absorption IR spectroscopy

RAIRS – Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering SERS – Inelastic Helium Scattering – X-Ray

Photoelectron Spectroscopy XEPS – Ultraviolet PES – Auger Electron Spectroscopy AES –

Extended X-ray absorption fine Structure EXAFS.

Book for Study:

1. N.Banwell and E.M.Mc Cash, Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, Tata McGraw

Hill.

2. G.Aruldhas, Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy, Prentice Hall India.

Book for Reference:

1. B.P.Strughan and S.Walker, Spectroscopy, John Wiley.

2. Peter J.Larkin, IR and Raman Spectroscopy Principle and Spectral Interpretation,

Elsevier.

3. Gordon M. Barrow, Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy, McGraw-Hill .



Paper 15 Nuclear and Particle Physics

Unit I Nuclear Forces

Ground and excited states of deuteron – magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole

moments of deuteron – n-p scattering at low energies – scattering length – phase shift analysis

– shape independent effective range theory of np scattering – pp scattering at low energies –

exchange forces –meson theory of nuclear force.

Unit II Nuclear Decays

Gamow’s theory of alpha decay – line and Continuous spectrum of β decay - Fermi

theory of beta decay – Fermi and Gamow-Teller selection rules – parity violation – detection

and properties of neutrino – Gamma decay – multipole transitions in nuclei – selection rules –

internal conversion – nuclear isomerism.

Unit III Nuclear Models

Liquid drop model – Weizsackers mass formula – mass parabola – nuclear stability –

Bohr Wheeler theory of nuclear fission -magic numbers -evidence for magic numbers – shell

model – spin orbit coupling – angular momenta and parities of nuclear ground states – magnetic

moments - Schmidt line - collective model.

Unit IV Nuclear reactions and Nuclear reactors

Types of nuclear reactions – Q-equation – solution of the equation – compound nuclear

theory – reciprocity theorem – nuclear cross section – resonance scattering– Breit -Wigner

dispersion formula – nuclear chain reaction – four factor formula – critical size of a reactor –

reactor buckling – classification of nuclear reactor based on fuel and moderator.

Unit V Elementary Particles

Classification of elementary particles - fundamental interactions conservations laws –

CPT theorem - SU(3) multiplet – meson octet – baryon octet and baryon decouplet –

Gellmann-Okubo mass formula - Quark theory.

Books For Study:

1. Nuclear Physics, D. C. Tayal, Himalaya Publications.

2. Elements of Nuclear Physics, M. C. Pandia and R. P. S. Yadav Kedarnath.

Books For Reference:

1. Concepts of Nuclear Physics, Bernard L Cohen, Tata Mc Graw-Hill

2. Nuclear Physics an Introduction, S. B. Patel, Wiley Eastern Ltd.

3. Nuclear Physics, R. R. Roy and B. P. Nigam, New Age International Ltd.



Practical 3

General Physics Experiments II

Any 10 Experiments

1. Gouy's Method

Determination of Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume and Mass) of the given sample.

(use a specimen in the form of a long rod or tube filled with powder or liquid)

2. Elliptical Fringes

Determination of Young’s modulus, Bulk modulus, Rigidity modulus, Poisson’s ratio

and compressibility of the given material by forming Elliptical fringes.

3. Temperature co-efficient and Band Gap

Determination of Temperature co-efficient and band gap of a given Semiconductor

Thermistor using Carey-Foster Bridge.

4. Hall Effect

a. Definition of Hall effect and its application

Determination of

b. Hall voltage

c. Hall coefficient

d. Carrier density

e. Mobility of charge carriers

f. Resistivity

5. Four Probe

a) Four Probe principle

b) Measurement of Resistivity and Energy band gap of a given semiconductor material

c) Measurement of Resistivity of a large sample using Four Probe mapping.

6. Equipotential lines

a) Formation of equipotential lines for a) parallel plates b) circular plates c) plates of

irregular shape.

b) Determination of Electric field between the equipotential lines.

c) Mapping of Electric field vector between the plates.

7. Ultrasonic Diffraction

Formation of acoustic grating in a given liquid using a crystal to determine the velocity

of ultrasonic wave in the liquid and compressibility of the liquid.

Repeat for another liquid and hence find the ratio of compressibility and velocity.

8. Temperature co-efficient of a forward biased diode

Measure the resistance of a forward biased diode at three different temperature and

hence find the temperature co-efficient. Also plot variation of I with respect to T.

9. Phototransistor Characteristics



Characteristic Study of Phototransistor using

a) Light sources of different wave length b) light sources of different intensities

Plots for a) Spectral response b) Sensitivity c) Linearity

10. LCR circuit

a) Determination of dielectric constant of a liquid using LCR circuit

b) Determination of dielectric constant of a given crystal using LCR meter.

11. Hysteresis

Formation and tracing of magnetic hysteresis loop for the given specimen to

determine

a) Coercivity

b) Retentivity and

c) Energy loss per unit volume per cycle of the specimen

12. Two Probe

Determination of resistivity of the given samples

13. Calibration of Hall Probe into Gauss meter

a) Calibration of Hall probe into Gauss meter using a Search coil and

b) Determination of calibration curve for a two axis Hall probe in radial mode

Practical 4

Microprocessor and C++ Programming (Any 12 programs with a minimum of 5 from each PART. For University examination,

Questions will be either from Microprocessor or from C++ Programming)

PART A: Microprocessor Programming

(All programs must have Algorithm and Flow chart)

1. Arithmetic Operations

a) Addition of two 8 bit and two 16 bit numbers

b) Subtraction of two 8 bit and 16 bit numbers

c) Multiplication of two 8 bit numbers – 16 bit result.

d) Division of 16 bit by an 8 bit number.

2. Data Manipulation

a) Arrange the given data items in Ascending or Descending order

b) Finding the Minimum and Maximum value in the given data set.

c) Search of a given character/number in the given data set.

3. System Call and Counters

a) Display a character/number on the 7 segment display of the Kit using Monitor Call.

b) Calculation of Time delay for a given interval.

c) Up-Counter to count from 00 upto ‘nn’ with 1 sec time interval.

d) Down counter to count from ‘nn’ to 00 with specified counting interval.

4. Block Move and Series Generation

a) Moving a block of data from memory xxxx to yyyy.

b) Fibonacci series generation

c) Tribonacci series generation



5. System Call and Rolling character

a) Calculation of time delay for a given interval.

b) Display a Character on the 7 segment display of the Kit using Monitor Call.

c) Roll a given character from Left to Right / Right to Left on the 7 segment displays with

the specified time interval.

6. ADC and DAC conversion

a) Interfacing ADC with 8085 – ADC chip Block diagram – 8085- ADC interfacing

diagram

b) Conversion of analog input to digital – Resolution – Graph between input and output.

c) Interfacing DAC with 8085 –DAC chip Block diagram – 8085 DAC interfacing

diagram.

d) Conversion of digital input to analog – Resolution – Graph between input and output.

7. DAC interfacing and Wave form generation.

Interfacing DAC with 8085 – DDC Chip Block diagram – 8085- DAC-8085 interfacing

diagram and Wave Form generation using DAC

a) Square wave with the specified period

b) Rectangular wave with the specified period

c) Ramp Wave with the specified period

d) Triangular Wave

PART B: C++ programming

(All programs must have Algorithm and Flow chart)

1. Curve Fitting – Fitting a straight line.

a) Principle of least Square and fitting a straight line.

b) Principle of linear interpolation

c) C++ program to fit a straight line using the data obtained from Cauchy’s Constant

Experiment and Interpolation using the fitted equation

2. Solution of simultaneous equations - Gauss Elimination method.

a) Procedure to solve Simultaneous equations using Gauss Elimination Method

b) Solving unknown branch currents in Wheatstone’s bridge using GE method manually.

c) C++ program to solve the equations.

3. Numerical Differentiation.

a) Derivation of Exponential law of Radioactive decay.

b) RK 4th order method of solving a given 1st order differential equation.

c) Analytical computation of the mass of the given radioactive sample after a specified

period (Given: activity or half life period).

d) C++ program using RK method to solve radio active problem – Compare output with

the analytical result.

4. Area under the Curve

a) Numerical integration – derivation of Simpson’s rule

b) C++ programs for Simpson 1/3rd rule, Simpson 3/8 rule and

Montecarlo integration.

c) Comparison of the program output with direct integration.

5. Eigen Value and Eigen Vector.

a) Explanation of Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors.



b) Calculation of Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors using analytical method.

c) C++ program to calculate Eigen values and Eigen vectors of a give matrix –

Comparison with analytical result.

6. Matrix Multiplication

a) Multiplication of given matrices

b) Rotation matrix definition.

c) C++ program to rotate the given point about the origin using rotation matrix by the

given angle.

7. Numerical Differentiation

a) Numerical differentiation – related to any physical problem

b) Derivation of Newton’s law of cooling – equation

c) C++ program to verify the Newton’s law of cooling from the given experimental data.

8. Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental equations.

a) Solution of the given equations using Newton Raphson Method – manual calculation.

b) C++ program to find the solution using N-R method and verification.



GUIDELINES FOR PROJECT WORK

Format for Preparation of Project Report for M.Sc., Physics

1. Arrangement of Contents:

The sequence in which the project report material should be arranged and

bound should be as follows:

Cover Page & Title Page

Bona fide Certificate

Abstract

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Figures

List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature

Chapters

Appendices

References

2. Page Dimension and Binding Specifications:

The dimension of the project report should be in A4 size. The project report

should be bound using flexible cover of the thick white art paper. The cover

should be printed in black letters and the text for printing should be identical.

Total number of Pages should not exceed 70.

3. Preparation Format

Cover Page & Title Page – A specimen copy of the Cover page & Title page of the

project report are given in Appendix 1.

Bonafide Certificate – The Bonafide Certificate shall be in double line spacing using

Font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 14.

The Certificate shall carry the supervisor’s signature and shall be followed by

the supervisor’s name, academic designation (not any other responsibilities of

administrative nature), department and full address of the institution where the

supervisor has guided the student. The term ‘SUPERVISOR’ must be typed in

capital letters between the supervisor’s name and academic designation.



Preface – Preface should be one page synopsis of the project report typed double line

spacing, Font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 14.

Table of Contents – The table of contents should list all material following it as

well as any material which precedes it. The title page and Bonafide

Certificate will not find a place among the items listed in the Table of

Contents but the page numbers of which are in lower case Roman letters.

One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this

head.

List of Tables – The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear

above the tables in the text. One and a half spacing should be adopted for

typing the matter under this head. The tables shall be introduced in the

appropriate places in the text.

List of Figures – The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear

below the figures in the text. One and a half spacing should be adopted for

typing the matter under this head. The figures shall be introduced in the

appropriate places in the text.

List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature – One and a half spacing

should be adopted or typing the matter under this head. Standard symbols,

abbreviations etc., should be used.

Chapters – The Chapters may be broadly divided into 5 parts

1. Introduction to Project

2. Literature Survey

3. Methods and methodology/Working / Experimental Techniques

4. Result Analysis

5. Conclusion

1. The main text will be divided into several chapters and each chapter may be

further divided into several divisions and sub-divisions.

2. Each chapter should be given an appropriate title.

3. Tables and figures in a chapter should be placed in the immediate vicinity of the

reference where they are cited.

4. Footnotes should be used sparingly. They should be typed single space and

placed directly underneath in the very same page, which refers to the material

they annotate.

Appendices – Appendices are provided to give supplementary information, which is

included in the main text may serve as a distraction and cloud the central theme.

1. Appendices should be numbered using numerals, e.g. Appendix 1, Appendix

2, etc.



2. Appendices, Tables and References appearing in appendices should be

numbered and referred to at appropriate places just as in the case of chapters.

3. Appendices shall carry the title of the work reported and the same title

shall be made in the contents page also.

List of References –The listing of references should be typed 4 spaces below the

heading “REFERENCES” in alphabetical order in single spacing left –

justified. The reference material should be listed in the alphabetical order

of the first author. The name of the author/authors should be immediately

followed by the year and other details.

A typical illustrative list given below relates to the citation example quoted above.

References

1. Ariponnammal, S. and Natarajan, S. (1994) „Transport Phonomena of Sm Sel –

X Asx‟, Pramana – Journal of Physics Vol.42, No.1, pp.421-425.

2. Barnard, R.W. and Kellogg, C. (1980) „Applications of Convolution Operators to

Problems in Univalent Function Theory‟, Michigan Mach, J., Vol.27, pp.81–94.

3. Shin, K.G. and Mckay, N.D. (1984) „Open Loop Minimum Time Control of

Mechanical Manipulations and its Applications‟, Proc.Amer.Contr.Conf., San

Diego, CA, pp. 12311236.

Table and figures - By the word Table, is meant tabulated numerical data in the body of the

project report as well as in the appendices. All other non-verbal materials used in the body of

the project work and appendices such as charts, graphs, maps, photographs and diagrams may

be designated as figures.

4. Typing Instructions

The impression on the typed copies should be black in colour. One and a half spacing should

be used for typing the general text. The general text shall be typed in the Font style „Times

New Roman‟ and Font size 14.



APPENDIX I

(A typical Specimen of Cover Page & Title Page)



TITLE OF PROJECT REPORT

<1.5 line spacing>

A PROJECT REPORT



Submitted by

 <Italic>

NAME OF THE CANDIDATE(S)



in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

of

<1.5 line spacing><Italic>

NAME OF THE DEGREE



IN

BRANCH OF STUDY



NAME OF THE COLLEGE



MANONMANIAM SUNDARARANAR UNIVERSITY

TIRUNELVELI- 627 012

 <1.5 line spacing>

MONTH & YEAR

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