Mao by Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine

7/31/2019 Mao by Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine

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M A O : T H E R E A L S T O R Y

A L E X A N D E R V . P A N T S O V

W I T H S T E V E N I . L E V I N E

S i m o n & S c h u s t e r

New Y o r k L o n do n T o r o n t o S y d n e y N ew D e l h i


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o the memory o my grandather,

Georgii Borisovich Ehrenburg (19021967),

A Russian Sinologist,

One o the irst biographers o Mao Zedong,

And the author whose works inspired me greatly

Alexander V. Pantsov


5/24

I N T R O D U C T I O N

M Y T H S A N D

R E A L I T I E S

Hiic fgu mi bjci bigphi. Y h chg wiig uch

bigphi i uig u h b cicumc. T bigph

mu puu migy i pubih upubih uc, i iy gug, hu h c umu chi,

wiw uh c m um h, ik h igh bc

bw h pubic p h pi p, jug h wim

y h ubjc h p iim. Such icui muipi

wh h ubjc h bigphy i h c ciy h juy

gu i c. Ti i ciy h c wih M Zg, h u

m Chi. Bu w, m h hiy-f y hi h i 1976,

wih h imp w cum m Chi cui cc

mj chi i h m Si Ui, c, m uc, mcmp pi h m imp Chi i m im c

b w. T i h im hi bigphy.

b u, M h b h ubjc umu bigphi i W

gug ic h Amic jui Eg Sw f w w M

i y ju p i mipi, i Juy 1936. A y Sw pubih h

y h cpic Red Star Over China, iui bk h hp

hp hiy mi i pi hi y. F wh i bu h i-

g W-gug M bigphi ig m which u wbigphy igifcy pi i wh ig why h cu b-

w h gui cmm cum h Chi Cmmui Py

h yug Amic p k pc.

Ay w-kw jui by h mi-1930, Sw w my


6/24

2 MAO

ymphic h Chi cmmui mm, hugh h w

Mi. Amg h mim mi which h w, icuig h New

York Herald ribune, Foreign Afairs, h Saturday Evening Post, h jy

pui big ip-mi, uik my h i p- i Chi, wh py p hi p-cmmui iw.

I w pciy hi pui h c h i h

h Chi Cmmui Py, icuig M Zg. Ty i mk

u h hiy--y- Amic imp hi pubic img -

p hi piic iuc. Sw h hi w kig u M.

A mbiiu jui wih iic h big y, h jump h p-

puiy i cp. Ech m i u h h hi

w pup. Sw i i B, i h Shi pic, Juy13, 1936, ju w y M Zg him up cmp i h m

w. M w ig m Giim Chig Ki-hk,

h h Ni Gm h h Nii Py (h

Gumig, GMD), wh c h iic iu h

Chi R Amy.

M g Sw qu i iiw, i which h f

pk gh bu hi chih yuh b uiig hi c

cmmui uiy. T cmmui h m hw chic

pickig Sw. T impib Amic cm iw M wiphiph-kig, Licqu i ppc, ppicciu, ygig,

-cf. H ciy bi i hi w iy u, Sw

c.1 cibig M mgu i hi bk uig g igh

i h ci c wh hy m, Sw w M mui h

ciic jui. Oc hi mii w ccmpih, Sw u

Bijig wih hi pciu bg wkig h mucip h

bcm Red Star Over China.

Ju M Sw h hp, Red Star Over China c -

i, picuy mg ib icu i i h W. I ii-m py M mic uiy uck ymphic ch

wih W iiui wih h u fgu icigy

uhii Chig Ki-hk. Sw piig wk h my

ubqu bk by uh wh w quy m ymphic i

hi pici M. T w y mj pi which h

wk i m Sw. Whi Sw iw M ihu w

Si Mim, h wi h y h 1930, h Chi-

Cmmui Py (CCP) u M hip h bcm u-mu -i. Accig hi iw, M, ip hik

c, h bicy ic him m Mcw, uik h gmic

Chi Sii whm h h b i ipy ugg. M ;

h w hi w m, uhic Chi uiy, Si g.


7/24

MYTHS AND REALITIES 3

Ti w M mi ci uh yig pi h Chi -

ui Amic .

A y h 1940 y 1950, ig Amic Chi ch-

icuig Jh Kig Fibk, Bjmi I. Schwz, C B, Rb Nh ppu wh bcm h cic mui bu M

ipc, bh wih pc hi i wih Si hi iw

Chi.2 Ty w h Si miu M ci him p

ii h h cmmui. Fuhm, h upug h Chi-

ui i h cuyi u h hip M m i-

p h h Mi iw gig h hiic h wkig

c. Chi p ui w h pig c i wh pmi b

mic p ui hughu h pci w. Ah pi bw h Si Chi cmmui pi i h y 1960,

Rui Chi uh w imi i.

Mwhi, M uw pmui m w--h u-

iy cmm i wh bigph i h y 1960 c h

mp h bu , i c h bu chig Chi w.3

A pcimig h bihm h Pp Rpubic Chi (PRC)

Ocb 1, 1949, M m i h Fbi Ciy i Bijig, h m

impi qu. A h cu hi piy p i h wig

y, h bcm iccib cp hi c cgu mmb hiug. Hi pubic ppc w cuy g-mg hi i-

iw pucm um icigy Dphic chc. T

W-gug bigphi M pubih uig hi iim, icuig

h b , by h pmi Chi ch Su R. Schm i 1967,4 w

cuc gy h bi pubih Cmmui Py cum;

M pubih wiig, pch, m; impi ig-

wh h b g uic wih M; w mmi by piic

cquic i; iy h c uc. T

hi M ipc ci pi Mim Chicicumc ciu ccupy c g.

A f gc, hi hi m w-u. Ui h 1949, M

ii Mcw c, Si i kw him py. A

h m im, gi p cig M i-Lii ccuig him

h ci i kyim guy ch h Kmi m iu

uc imi ii ui h Chi Cmmui Py. Tu

Khuhch i h Si ci M c Mi pp

gic.5

I h 1950, h wih Cg h Si Cm-mui Py cm Siim, M him c h h

Si miu him.6

O c ipci, hw, h ci wim gig M -

ihip Si h Si Ui u u b wg. I iy,


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4 MAO

wy ib Si Chi chi , M w ihu w

Si wh k pi u h B hi yy wh

i m h Si m y Si h.

Ti i i my why hugh m M i w. T uh h g p i h c chi h CCP,

h Si Cmmui Py, h Cmmui Ii (Cmi).

Oy cy h h chi bcm ib, i wh i p. T

m iig iumb i gig M pici, uk,

p i ci i upubih cum gig M, hi

mi, hi i, p i h m C Py Achi

h C Cmmi h Si Cmmui Py i Mcw. T B-

hik bg giz h chi hy h Ocb Rui 1917. Fm h y bgiig i mi k w cc cum

y h hiy h Bhik py, bu h hiy h i-

i b cmmui mm. A h iquii h

Cmi i 1943, i cumy cci w h

C Py Achi. I h 1950 h chi h Cmmui Im-

i Buu (Cmim) w pi h. Fiy, i Ju 1999, h

m Cmmui Yuh Lgu Achi w mg i h cci.

y h ci chi kw h Rui S Achi

Sci Piic Hiy. A bi uy h c h chihighigh hi impc uc w imi h w h h-

ughy mi hi bigphy M Zg.

Fi, hy h bigg piy cum i h w h

ii cmmui mm h hiy h Cmmui Py

h Si Ui (CPSU). Ty hu bu w mii wi cu-

m, 12,105 phgphic mi, 195 cumy fm, which

giz i 669 hmic cci. A c cmp h chi

i i cci pp h Chi cmmui m-

m. T icu umiu f h CCP gi h EcuiCmmi h Cmi (ECCI); h CCP C Cmmi iu

ccu fci cip; h Cmi h Bhik py i-

ci Chi; h pp Li, Si, ky, h Bhik

; c p Chi cmmui Chi ii p-

i h Cmi; p i my ig Chi

uii.

T cci pi cum ig h Chi cmmui

i picu i. Uik my h chi mi, h w p m ch uig h bi pi h Yi igic

hw i h y 1990. Ti cci h wy b cu i p-

c ci h chi. E y pubic cc h f i highy -

ic. Oy y w pcii, icuig u, A V. P,


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h b pmi cc h mi ciu jy uch c-

c h bi p i wih chii ch i cmpy

Rui. Ti ic cci cmpi 3,328 p i, icuig

h M Zg, Liu Shqi, Zhu Ei, Zhu D, Dg Xipig, WgMig, my h p mmb h CCP hip.

T i M Zg i h m impi. I ci f

um uiqu pp, icuig hi piic p; pi cp-

c; gphic c mig bw M Si, Si

Zhu Ei, M Khuhch; M mic c, cmpi by

hi Si phyici; c ccu by KGB Cmi g; p

mi gig M wi chi, icuig h bih cifc

hi piuy ukw ih chi, b i Mcw; ccui giM wi by hi piic mi wihi h CCP hip; iy

Si mby KGB c mg h piic iui

i h PRC m h 1950 h y 1970. We are the rst biographers

o Mao to make use o all these materials materials that proved invaluable in

reassessing Maos private and political lie.

Suppmig h Rui Chi chi uc i g um

bigphic mi, miicc, hbk pubih i c

y i h PRC. Amg hm mmi ii M ci,

pmu, i, cquic h hpu i u ip-i M i.

N imp cum m h i highy ic c-

ci h C Cmmi h CCP i Bijig, cy m

kw hugh h Chi hii. T chi mi

icu hi-um M Zg mucip, ig m

h uig h PRC; -um chic h M c b

i Shh; c M pi k; iu cci M

piuy ukw pp, pch, cmm, ciiqu, ,

py.Ou bigphy M Zg i b up h uiqu chi

wy ib cum w my iiw wih pp wh

kw M. A uch i i up--. A c bigphy M by Jug Chg

J Hiy, Mao: Te Unknown Story, w ciiciz i h cmic

cmmuiy h gu uibiiy i jugm.7 W i

i h hcmig by mkig cu icimiig u

wi y uc h y h bigph, wighig ic cuy,

pig u cu jugm um by piic ci-i. Ti ipi iu w u p h G Hmm

h muic fgu h h w uiy y, p

p, phiph piici, hub phi. W

hw h M w ih i m, bu h cmpic fg-


10/24

6 MAO

u wh i i hi b big bu ppiy gi ii

pc hi cuy. Y h m umu , hig pp him

i cu--c piic igic upi, bkig i hi cu

piy whi uuig him wih ycphic cui. Wihu ub h w h g upi h wih cuy, bu uik

Li Si, h w y piic u bu i

uiy. N y i h pm ic cmic ci m,

bu h bugh bu i ui i m mici Chi

h ui mi Chi, which h b gu i cii w. Tu i

w M wh w h w pc Chi h Chi pp,

wh h g b pi by h p W w Jp. Y

hi mic pici puc i gi h c h i mii Chi.

W i wi iy iig hum y h

i M chc hi p miy i w

hi piic miiy hip. I i f wih ciig i m

mmi iiw h p M , hub, h, i,

, w gi, hi, m, piic ifgh. Fm

my g w hw M m cmp m, ubjc bu

p pi w igh mic i, m g c

wi mbii wh chi iuy uimi pw uig hi -hip h Chi Cmmui Py h Pp Rpubic Chi.

Ou g w w iig pi h w hp wi gg

wh kw i bu M Chi. W i cib h ki-

cpic y pp M cu h pc i Chi wh h

i, ui, wk, , m hi i ig Shhchg

h Fbi Ciy i Bijig, wh h i iu mp. Ou

bk, which h hiy m Chi hugh h i i m im-

p , i cy h , m, u Chi.

Ou ch h uc my w ig c bu Mi h qui u i cmmy ccp iw h hiy h

Chi cmmui mm, h hiy h PRC, picuy

M him. O h bi i ch, w cum h ciuig

fci pc up Mcw h CCP m i uig i 1921

hugh h y 1950. Cu i h i M ugg h h

hiy h CCP h im c b u y i k i ccu

i ciuig pc Mcw uhii picy guic

ici. Achi mi mj fgu uch Zhg Gu, ZhuEi, Liu Shqi, Ci H, Qu Qiubi, Dg Zhgi, Wg Rui, Ch

Yu, Li Li, G Gg, Yu Xuig, h ugg h h CCP

mi ubi Si hi iu, wh c h Cm-

i h h CCP i hi h. Ti i m,


11/24


mp, by c h cu humiiig igi -

ciicim h ig Chi cmmui w c ug bcu

g mik kyi ciiy. T i ic uggig

h i 1938 Si w pig mj hw i Cmi ci,icuig Zhu Ei, Liu Shqi, Kg Shg, Ch Yu, Li Li, m

h. H h bck wy m hi p, my p h CCP

migh h bcm hi icim. Sm cum, hw, ugg h h

mu m h CCP g h Sh Cmi Cg, h

i JuyAugu 1935.

Si i icu M Zg hi bcki. I, i w Si

him h Cmi h i M i pw i h Chi

Cmmui Py. b u, M w ik E Gmy W U-bich, Bugi Zhik, h p C

E Eup cmmui pi, bu h c g b y ub h

h w y Si, whm h k guic w upp.

(Ou m h M-Si mig i Dcmb 1949Juy 1950

i ig i hi pc. Equy gm i u ccu M uy

i wih Si uig h K W. Si i y ui K

bu h mp wk h Ui S by iig i i cic

y wih Nh K, bu wih Chi. By ig Si i

pk ui c h gb.) I w y Si h i Mch1953 h M bg ic him m h Si hip. H cm

iw Khuhch uuwhy bu iby him

wih cmp. W hw h p miy bw M Khuhch

w h mi h Si-Si i. By h 1960 hi i

h c g h h b uim. Dwig up

h m Si c chi w m h i h 1960 Si-

Si i bcm h h Si hip h bgu

ci m ii i h i h PRC, uch ukig

mic ck gi h PRC iui c bwig up Chimic i.

W i p ii bjci pi h gig M

m h 1950 hi h i Spmb 1976, pi mk by M

uciu mp m Chi ciy g h i uiquy

Mi ciim uig h G Lp Fw (195861) h Cuu

Rui (196676), h cu gy c. A h

mi h bi h w chi mi wih h

im iiyig h chig bjci p ii mg p whm M, icigy pi h g, kiuy mipu

c hi im.

I c ci iw, w hw h h Cuu Rui

w my M f ugg pw, bu h iu i gicy


12/24

8 MAO

w chi hi upi ii cig w, i ciiz i

w, i ciy. By h mi-1960 M h cm bi h h cii

cuci cipiic i w iuci. E h c-

uci ciim pp wu mi i giic. Ech pwu hb gy g mig uig cpiim. Tu, i hig

w ju w i, h Cmmui Py i cu g.

T i why h i h cici h i wu b impib bui

cmmuim wihu f yig h , ii u Chi cu-

u. Hw, h biuy uim hum u. T mijugm

cu h iu y h Cuu Rui, bu h i

Mi pjc. T ym bck cmmuim, k gim

ciy, h M ii i wih M him.I ccui, u k hii w ih bm pi

M. I i y c wih M. H i wb

y, h him i, K M. T k w u, h, w

py i i i h m pwu iui piic

h wih cuy. I i u hp h hi bk wi hp

chi p m ccu uig M, h im

cuy h puc him, h Chi h c.


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P A R T O N E

T H E A P P R E N T I C E


14/24


15/24

1

T H E F O S T E R C H I L D O F

T H E B O D H I S A T T V A

T Suh Chi ig Shhchg, i Xig cuy, Hu p-

ic, i i w y quz bw hi c wih g

ic pi, h bu ky b. I h ic m Shh

Mui, which g i m h ig i picuy by

Buhi. A bch i u m Chgh, h pici cpi,

h w, which i c Shh. I k h c i bu

h hu h hu-mi ic. A i bu pk ih b qu ig h iwy i wi ii. Chim M

bihpc! Chim M bihpc! cy h cuc. A jig, h-

hu i big yu ig , which k yu p ic f

u-f p g, hi-m bick hu cum muum.

h igh imi ighy m ypic p wig. T

mph i h ypic u cmmuiy. A m ig ik my

h i Hu, i i iiguih by big h bihpc m wh

chg h hiy hi cuy wh iuc i i hughu

h w g hi h.My h ihbi h ig wihi hi y w u-

m M. Ti w wh hi c h . A h pp m

M c hi ig bck h b wi M ihu, i

ighbig Jigi pic wh h hi i gi i h mi-

uh cuy k p i h cmpig h impi my i Yu-

pic gi h Mg, wh h u Chi ic h 1270.

T Mg mi c w by h b my h mk Zhu

Yuzhg, wh i 1368 pcim him h mp w Chiyy, h Mig. T i i Yu, M ihu mi c

gi i 1380 k h hi chi Hugug (w kw

Hu), wh hy i Xigig cuy, uh Xig. Sm

y w hi m h Xig cuy m


16/24

12 MAO

hi hm i Shhchg. Ty w h pgi h M c i

Shh.1

T uu upm Chi w b i uch miy, h

M Yichg, h ih y h h mh h Y h Sk ccig h u c. By h ci yic ckig,

hi w i h ih y h ig Emp Gugu, h Qig

(Mchu) yy, which h u Chi ic 1644. T Gugu (Bigh

Bgiig) h bgu i 1875, pcim i h m h yug m-

p Zii, wh w h u y , by hi m u, h Emp

Dwg Ci Xi. Accig h W c, h bih , jyu

i y Chi miy, ccu i h miy M Yichg D-

cmb 26, 1893.M h cu hy ci hi hppi, bu hi mh w w-

i. T bby w y big, h w i h migh b b u

him. Sh h y gi bih w wh h i i icy. Wp-

pig h wb i wig ch, h Buhi u wh

w iig i h mui, wih i h y, k h k

h i. Bu h u u. T bby k y hhy, h w

wy him. T hmi u, cmmig py

u h chi w-big, i h iugh mh kp h .

Schig up h bby, h mh uh h h hu i igh-big iic. T h pp i m mp pch p

w- high ck ic h Bhi Gu Yi, h G

Mcy. Pig h, phyicy miy hu, h py

h h Bhi wu g bcm h mh.2

I kpig wih ii, h p h bih mh w quicky

im h bih h by w p hm. I i h

b gi, hy wu h b gi h.

T Chi ci h i mh p i h wmb h f

y i, bby w ci b y bih. A ciiu qui h h wb b w i ch w m hi h

u. M u, upp bb y ki cgi,

w hug b h c. T i w bh y h hi y, i

h pc gu wh w w iw him h f im. O

h y h i f bh, h h p cifc h pii

h c, pu i gig i h i h bhw,

ymbizig mi hh. Pickig up h i, h mh h him

h miwi wh h i i h iy. Hig h i hbby h, h miwi i, Fi, b m, c, b wi, hi, b

cuig. Aw h p ck b gi h i muh,

m, g, i, B qui. A c w pc h i ch

h h wu wigh , bi gg w pc gi hi chk


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THE FOSTER CHILD OF THE BODHISATTVA 13

hppi. A ig m which i ci g w i u h

i wi. A mh h i h wu b h, ig ck

hi h mp h p h ck. Ti w imp

which h i w gi m. Gu gi gh, bigig gi my, pk, fh, ui, c gg.

Fm im immmi, p h ch m hi wb

wih h i Di u-. I ccc wih ii, M

Yichg cu h c gmc, wh i him h u

h w ig i hi m, bcu hi w ckig i hi hcp.3

T wih h gmc i wih h impi h c g-

gic chic. Ech gi h pcifc Chi chc

i h w upp b u i h gi m h m hpicu gi. T gi m hm cu b qui i,

bu hm h ci h cmm chc h mmb-

hip i h gi which hy bg. I h gi Yichg

wb (h wih gi h M c), hi igif w h

chc ze, h i which ci h h k h w

m. T chc ze h u mig: i igif miu

mi w ki, g, bfcc. M Yichg ch

dong, mig , h c chc h i gi m. T

m Zg w uuuy buiuBc h E! A h mim, gi i ccc wih ii, h chi w gi c, u-

fci m b u pci, cmi cci: Ruzhi, which m

Dwy Ochi. M mh g him y h m, shi, , which

w upp pc him m miu hi hi kihip wih

h Bhi. Sic M w h hi i h miy, hi mh c

him shisanyazi, iy h Ti Chi Nm S.

M Zg w b i m huh. Bi hi h

mh h w y hi p gh. (M Zg p

gmh, m Liu, h i i y b hi bih, My 20,1884, wh h w hiy- y .) T miy ccupi y h

h hu, h wig. Nighb i i h h h. I

h hu w p ic py i bck, pi bmb g.

Am y i h ig m i hu huh w p.

H huig wk iy p yi i icm.

M Zg p gh, M Epu, h b p hi i

i, ig hi b-i. M Zg h, M Yichg, hw,

w b wch him m py. A y chi, Yichg wb Ocb 15, 1870. A h g h w bh gi h

h y h him, m W Qimi. Ty w mi f y

. S w, ccu hi h b, Yichg w

i h c Xig Amy. (Xig, h ii m Hu, w m


18/24

14 MAO

h Xig Ri, which w hugh h pic.) Wh M Yichg

u g bc, by pig hi ccumu my py h w

b m h hi h h , bcm ip cui-

. H w cu icib, bu y hwkig ug. Acc-ig M Zg ugh, wh iy h hi m h h, M

Yichg p, Py i h u ig much p-

ig much. Py cm m ibiiy um. Wh c

um wi h ugh i by; wh c wi qu mu-

i g! 4 Yichg wi, wh w kw i h ig Suqi (Simp

i)5 bcu h iuy g, hp him mk hi wy i

h w. By h im M Zg w , h y hi gh i,

M Yichg by i icib i h mg up mmy cqui bi m .6 Eigh y i, yug bh,

Zmi, w b, y h gh h, hi , m

Z. I ii h chi h w wh h i pi

M Zg bih, M p h w ugh, bu bh hm

i uig icy.

M mh i imbu h wih h w igiu ig.

Duig hi chih cc, M ccmpi hi mh

Buhi mp, h m h h migh bcm mk.

M h, hw, i h h wih, bu ih i h bjc ymuch. H Buh wih c pc, hugh h g uw

ig hi. I hpp h c, m h ig, h h cu-

ig h . M h w if, bu ppy w h

ig. M ig i ppi ici. M h ip hi

wig m high. Awy igiu kpic ui h, h w bg

ci him.7

Ahugh M Yichg pc Buh, h hugh i m

uu hi gp h wim Cuciim, h ii

phiphy i m h yig h ci phiph Cuciu(551479 BCE) hi w. Chi piic ym w b C-

uci picip h m m pci m humiy. Acc-

ig Cuciu, pp h uf h c c (li) bw by

H, mg which h m imp w humiy (ren), fi piy

(xiao), iu (de). Oy by big h Hy w cu

chi h high hic i, h g h Cuciim i .

Iiiu ccic mi whh cuy w h

chig Cuciu, bu pcic m i w impib h c wihu kwg h yig h phiph. A biiy

jugg qui m Cuciu w cy i ci -

ci p. Ay wh w umii wih hAnalects Cuciu h


19/24


h bk h cic c, icuig hMencius, h Great Learning,

h Golden Mean, w ci uuc.

T, upiigy, M h, wh h y w y

chig, w g hi m Cuci ig. Yichgh wui gig hiy pc bcu h h b ub

b hi c wih cii m Cuciu. T cu i u i

h , wh h m hi p kwg h c-

ic. M ugh wi h h gh ci h pi, L my

bcm ju uch uc m i my bh. 8 Acc-

igy, M Zg w pi my ch i Shh, wh

h w qui mmiz h Cuci cic.

M mmiz h yig h phiph puy uii-i , quih h i gum by iucig p qui

pciy h igh mm, bu h m-hic pcp Cuciu

m h c i hi u. M ugh cu hw h

h c b hi w ch i gum. O h y, h wi,

wh h ch w b m ch, Fh ugg hi

cm h hy g wimmig i p. Wh h ch w

hi u bhig i hi bihy ui, h ci hi -

my ic ci puih hm. Bu Fh piwih qui m hAnalects i which Cuciu pi bh-

ig i c w. Fh p hi bk, c h qu-

i, h w Cuciu u u. T ch w

mmb h Cuciu y h i hi, bu h cu

c. Iui, h w cmpi Gh.

Yu Ruzhi i buy ubb. Oc h kw m h

m, I wi g ch him!

M w quy p pyig qui m Cuciu i hi piipu wih hi h, wh cy cu hi big ipc-

u zy. Smim M w u, bu uuy h ipu by

him. Hi h, wh piz fi piy b h Cuci pi-

cip, wu hh hi wh h cic him. I ki yu,

uch mg wh pc u wh, h hu M.9 H

whipp hi w h . M mh mb h ig

i hm, bu uuy i.

T miy cic, h cuy hi h, h hi mh, whm h gy pii, iiby c h

chc M. H gw i pi pu b ub-

b h hi h, whm h gy mb.10 Ahugh ii by hi


20/24

16 MAO

h mp, M him bcm icigy hh, bi,

hg.

Hi ubb my h h hpychgic w miy

. T Hu, wh hi wih ib h pp-p, mu hughu Chi hi hh mpm. H ik

hi , i h wy hy uuy chciz.

My y M pi miciu Mi pi

h cic wihi hi miy. I Juy 1936, wh h g h Amic

jui Eg Sw qu iiw, h i:

A mi p h my miy w f mou [1 mou mu

i -ih c] . . . my h ccumu i cpi- i im puch m mou, which g h miy h

u ich p. . . .

A h im my h w mi p h bg i

gi p ig, by which h m i my. A h

bcm ich p, h m hi im h bui.

H hi u-im m b, pu hi chi wk

h m, w hi wi. I bg wk mig k wh I

w i y . My h h hp hi bui. H impy

puch gi m h p m h p i hciy mch, wh h g high pic. I h wi, wh h

ic w big gu, h hi b wk h m,

h h im h w muh . . . . H g u

my wh, h m mg . . . . m h g

ih gg m.

Smwh , M, ughig, ,

T w w pi i h miy. O w my h, h Ru-ig Pw. T Oppii w m up my, my mh, my

bh, mim h b. [M w ig hi

bh Zmi, ic hi bh Z h y b b.] I

h Ui F h Oppii, hw, h w i-

c pii. My mh c picy iic ck. Sh

ciiciz y ipy mi mp p bi

gi h Ruig Pw. Sh i i w h Chi wy. . . . My

iici ic. T icic ugg i u miy wcy pig.

Qu bw h hi w ucmm. M g

i fc ipu wih hi h i h pc h, uhikb


21/24


ipy impuc. I hi iiw wih Sw, M i hi h, I

h him. 11

M hiy h guy m hi wy i h w, buyig up h

h p mgig m h cib -u, m w h hu Chi i . T mjiy Chi-

p i i giig py. Gy pkig, -ih

y-wih-cuy Qig Chi w my bckw, wi,

mi cuy. Cpiim w ju i i icy h y m

iu impc ciy. Cmpy cpii pi w b-

ih i pc ik Shghi, iji, Wuh, m Shh. Oy

i h w cii w h gwig cmic ppiy. I h ig i

w i h ic ci im. T mjiy p pc bf m h mk. I h uum hy ypicy h p

h gi hy hm, hiy icu pic, pf

ik M h py hi b. I h pig, wh pic h i,

hy h h buy bck ik mu gi, uig fci

i h pc, ju i i mi.12 Pup h u

uc, icuig gb, hm bgg, h i, wh

m up igifc p h ppui, ughy 4045 mii u

ppui bu 400 mii, w picuy i-ip -

iy buim . A u h h Chi ppui wp umpy.13 T w h pp wh cmpuuy

p ik M h tuhao (m ) buck. Sic

i h cii h w w m pi h cu mpym

h wh w i, h g m h ppui w cf wihi

i i pc. T m hm cu f jb, pciy

uig h ic-pig ic-hig . Bu m hm h

uch uck. H gg fhy pp w g h u ,

bggig m. I h mk qu w p hig ig,

ig hi yug ugh, mim hi , whm hyh bugh wih hm i w wiw bk.

My p ji mf-yp bi gg ik h i Sciy

gg i bbig h tuhao. Cu iuci w cmm ccuc

y i Hu, bu i h pic w.

I h c wi 1906, h iic Pigig, bu 150 mi m

Shh, w i h h iuci bgu by h Hgjig

(Ppiy) ciy, bch h pwu Hgmg (R Bhh),

which h bch i my pic i uh uh Chi. Picu-y ci h b bw Hu Jigi, bw Shh

Pigig, i ugh hw h i Mchu yy (Qig), which

h cqu Chi i h mi h h cuy,

h piu Mig yy. T mmb h ciyh Bhh


22/24

18 MAO

h Sw, hy y hmw bu by uiqu igiu iu

h w kp hi m h uiii. Ty w big hp ch

h i cicumc, hy bi i mgic Di Buhi

cim w i hmim cy. Ty pcic mi ih bi h i phyic piiu ci (wushu qigong)

wu hm iub.

Sgig iuci i Pigig, h Hgjig ciy py p-

cim i g i w g: 1) Ohw h Qig h

Mig, 2) Dy h ich, hp h p. Rum bu h upiig

quicky p hugh h ighbig iic Jigi Hu. Am

wih b, p, w, h b iz h uuig iic,

ckig h hm h tuhao pigig h lieshen (iy, h iii), h m h p p ppi h why u gy. Ty

m wih h my uppi h iy ppu p

h wi gi i hi hm. A pi h g w iib-

u h p. A y gm p upp h upiig,

bu h c pp w ub cm w g im. Zhg Gu,

i Pigig, wh w h i y wh bcm

h u h CCP M chi i i pw ugg, ymp-

hiz wih h iucii, bu w if h. H mmb

h c hi wy:

Pp cm w h m mpy-h, h c-

yig hig i i h. Bu w h yug cu

hig cpi w ug g. A f li [ li i bu .3

mi] w i m g h h W w . . . h

hpkp cui u gi wkig i . . . Sic h

h hp cu i ccmpy u, h ugg

h w h p h igh. W w y hppy c-

cp hi wm iii.I mu h b bu miigh wh cw hy

uk m cyig b gg u m b u

cu . . . bihig b u. Chp h ki h

w u b g i hi b, m y. Ty b ic y

u b , bw h. D ki hm, i h ugg.

i hm up c hm , hi mii m hm

bck wih big hiy i .

T hpkp i py u. Pig h wb w g bck p, h pmi hm wi, ,

yhig i h hp. A bcu h bg hi gg,

w , hy i him. Pmium ciu

whi; bu hy u , w cp bck h


23/24


bm. A u guy ubi, w h ig

umb.14

Simi bi ccu i h pc, icuig Chgh, hHu pici cpi. I Shh mmb h E Bh Sciy,

ji by h p p, i bi. Dmig i m

h ich p, hy bg mm u h g E ic wihu

chg! My h, M c, w ic mch w pig

much gi h ciy m u iic, pi h hg. O hi c-

igm w iz by h p ig hi wh w bu. I i

ymphiz wih him. A h m im, I hugh h ig mh

w wg .

15

T b w buy upp. A w g quicky h

h h upiig, my whm w cpi, hi

h ipy p h ifci uu wu-b b. p

w i ci gi h E Bh Sciy i Shh. Ti

w cugh cpi.

Ecui i Chi w pubic. Cimi w i

which bi mu w wi i bck chc. Ti

m w i bhi hi bck hy w p u h ciy

h cuyi i p c, pc by i big m b.Pp cw u bh i h pci. My hm ccmp-

i h c g i i u. Ecig h cm i hi hi,

h i fy hw h cm m h c h jm-pck

qu. O h i, hig hi b cm, wu ppch

h cimi, k b him, k gi wh h mu w .

Ti w pc him m pib g by h u h immi-

icim. Ti iu w h cm p c by giig

him micum pc. T cm m w w m k,

h i cu hi h wih wi bw. A hi, h cw i-p. Vig i w h u, pcc ik pubic cui w

gui i. I w picuy ppci i uig h pci

h cm hibi by by igig g huig g. T

m i h cw wu b u y, H! H! (B! B!).

Vic bg ic. I w i uch mph, i ciy wh

hum i w wh hig, wh pp b ucigy y y

ju mk m i h hp cpig py, h h chc

M Zg, Zhg Gu, my h uu cmmui u-ii w g. P bi, M him ckwg, p-

uc iib impi him uig hi chih iuc

him hughu hi i.16

Accig M him, Chi iu, b hiic


24/24

20 MAO

ig wih upiig, bi, iuci, h mu i-

uc hi wiw cciu. H gi uch

wk Te Biography o the Ever Faithul Yue Fei, Water Margin, Te Ro-

mance o Sui and ang, Te Tree Kingdoms, Journey to the West, bk -cibig h gy kigh, wi, u w h

ppu bi. Ty pi h i bhh mg

wi m h cu phyic gh. Ti h u h

c i up gi ii wy.17

M mh py i i h Bhi. H b wi

w h hy b ph h M Gciu Buh, bu h h

b, ic, ui. T hic phiphy Cuciu, h

g humi, wi him c. I kw h Cic, bu iikhm, c M Eg Sw.18 Ay i y chih, u h

iuc hi pic h, iciy iu, hi uuig, h

ccu h p bi w h y wy igh. I yu

mi humb bi, yu wu b b gi.19

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Mao by Alexander V. Pantsov and Steven I. Levine

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