Marc
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ve B
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Ferm
ilab
1
Overview of the Ferm
ilab Neutrino
Program
Steve Brice
PPD Neutrino Department
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
2
Mixing Matrix and Masses
23
2
1
iα/2
2
iα/
iδ
13
13
-iδ
13
3
23
213
12
12
12
12
2+iβ
µ τe
33
c0
s1
00
0c
10
0ν
=0
e
e
01
0
-se
cs
0
-sc
0
0
0ν
00
s
0-
00
sc
νc
eννν
1
∆ ∆∆∆m232
∆ ∆∆∆m221
(m3)2
(m2)2
(m1)2
Norm
al hierarchy
∆ ∆∆∆m221
(m2)2
(m1)2
(m3)2
∆ ∆∆∆m231
Inverted hierarchy
ν ννν e ν ννν µ µµµ ν ννν τ τττ
3σ
σ
σ
σ Ranges
∆ ∆∆∆m221
: (7.0 -9.1) ×10-5eV2
TAN2θ θθθ 12: 0.34 –0.62
∆ ∆∆∆m232
: (1.9 –2.98) ×10-3eV2
TAN2θ θθθ 23: 0.49 –2.2
SIN2θ θθθ 13 ≤0.045
δ δδδunknown
Hierarchy unknown
mlightest< 2.2 eV
Dirac or Majoranaunknown
[updated from Gonzalez-Garcia PASI 2006]
m2lightest
m2lightest
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
3
Open Questions in Neutrino Physics
•General
Is the picture more complex? MiniBooNE, MicroBooNE
What are the cross-sections?
MiniBooNE, SciBooNE,
MINERν νννA, MicroBooNE
•12 Sector
•23 Sector
–Is θ θθθ23maximal? MINOS, NOν νννA
•13 Sector
–What is the value of θ θθθ 13? NOν νννA, LBNE
–How are the mass eigenstatesordered? NOν νννA, LBNE
–Is CP violated? LBNE
•Mass
–What are the neutrino masses? No plans to
–Are neutrinos their own anti-particles? address at FNAL
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
4
FNAL Neutrino Program
•8 GeV protons from the Booster
–Neutrinos from Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) to…
•MiniBooNE (running)
•SciBooNE(completed in 2008)
•MicroBooNE(approved, design phase)
•120 GeV protons from the Main Injector
–Neutrinos from NuMIto…
•MINOS (running)
•ArgoNeut(being installed)
•MINERvA(under construction)
•NOvA(passed CD2, CD3a, awaiting funding)
–Neutrinos from a new beamlineto…
•LBNE (pre CD0)
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
5
Keep L/E same as LSND
while changing systematics, energy & event signature
P(ν
µν e)= sin
2 2θ sin2 (1.27∆m
2 L/Ε)
Booster
K+
targ
et and h
orn
dete
cto
rdirt
decay
regio
nabsorb
er
prim
ary
beam
tertia
ry b
eam
secondary
beam
(pro
tons)
(mesons)
(neutrin
os)
π+ν µ
→ν e
???
Order of magnitude
higher energy (~500 MeV)
than LSND (~30 MeV)
Order of magnitude
longer baseline (~500 m
)than LSND (~30 m
)
MiniBooNE
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
6
Main MiniBooNE Result
Two independent analyses show
no evidence for ν
µ→ν e
appearance-only oscillations.
No ν
eexcess in oscillation signal region
but 96 ±
17 ±
20 events above
background, for 300<EnQE<475MeV
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
7
MiniBooNE Status
•Taken ~6.6 x 1020POT in neutrino m
ode
–Making suite of cross-section m
easurements
–Searching for various neutrino oscillations
–Found interesting excess of low energy ν
ecandidates
–Publications coming out
•Taken ~4.5 x 1020POT in anti-neutrino m
ode
–Making suite of cross-section m
easurements
–Searching for anti-neutrino appearance and disappearance
–No evidence of a low energy ν
ecandidate excess
–Request to PAC for 10.0 x 1020POT with further running
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
8
SciBooNE
SciBooNETimeline
•2005, Summer -Collaboration form
ed
•2005, Dec -Proposal
•2006, Jul -Detectors m
ove to FNAL
•2006, Sep -Groundbreaking
•2006, Nov -EC Assembly
•2007, Feb -SciBarAssembly
•2007, Mar -MRD Assembly
•2007, Mar -Cosmic Ray Data
•2007, Apr -Detector Installation
•2007, May –
Commissioning
•2007, Jun -Neutrino Data Run
•2008, Aug –
Run Ends
Idea: Put well developed
K2K SciBardetector into
the well understood FNAL
Booster Neutrino Beamline
•Precision measurement of xsecsfor T2K
•BNB beam well m
atched to T2K beam
•Low cost (<$1M)
Marc
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Ferm
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9
SciBooNEOutlook
•First Result
–No evidence for CC coherent pionproduction found
–Confirm
s K2K result, sets stronger limit
–σCoh/σCC < 0.67x10-2 (90% CL) at 1.1 GeV
–Also have small higher energy sample
–σCoh/σCC < 1.36x10-2 (90% CL) at 2.2 GeV
•Outlook
•11 current PhD students
•Up to 8 new results in the next year
•Shooting for NuInt09 workshop in m
ost cases
•Will maintain strong presence at Ferm
ilab until spring 2009
•Maintain analysis center at Ferm
ilab for several more years
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
10
MINOS
Far detector
Near detector
Far Detector:
Soudan, Minnesota, 735 km from target
5.4 ktonmass
484 steel/scintillatorplanes, 8x8x30 m
3
Near Detector:
Ferm
ilab, 1km from target
1 ktonmass
282 steel planes
153 scintillatorplanes, 3.8x4.8x15 m
3
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
11
Main MINOS Result
322.
4100
.1
2sin
eV 10
38
.2
2
08
.0
23
2
23
20
.0
16
.0
2 23
==Θ
×=
∆
−
−+ −
DoF
N
m χ
2.50 POT analyzed ≈
2x statistics of 2006 result
Also improved m
odeling, reconstruction, and PID
Comparison of
new and old
MINOS results
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
12
MINOS Near Term
Outlook
•Expect data set of 7 x 1020POT by summer 2009.
–This doubles the currently published CC sample.
•Electron neutrino appearance
–First result with 3.25 x 1020POT two weeks ago
–Analysis of doubled dataset to follow
•Neutral currents
–Extended analysis of 3.25 x 1020POT by early 2009
–Analysis of doubled dataset by end 2009
•Muon Antineutrino disappearance
–3.2 x 1020POT exposure result nearly completed. Expect results early 2009.
–Using 6% intrinsic beam antineutrinos
•Total cross-section from Near Detector
–Low m
odel dependence flux determ
ination
–Expect end of 2008
•Request to switch to anti-neutrino running after the 2009 shutdown
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
13
MINERνA
MINOS near detector(muon spectrometer)(
Fully
Active S
cin
tilla
tor Targ
et R
egio
n8.3
tons (~3 tons fid
ucia
l)(
Veto
Wall
NuM
IBeam
Liq
uid
He
0.2
5to
n
Nucle
ar Targ
et R
egio
n w
ith P
b, Fe, C
6.2
tons (in
clu
din
g 4
0%
Scin
tilla
tor)
EC
AL
HC
AL
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
14
MINERνA
Physics Program
•Quasi-elastic scattering
•Resonance Production -1pi
•Resonance/transition Region –npi
resonance to DIS
•Deep-Inelastic Scattering
•Coherent Pion Production
•Strange & Charm Particle Production
•sT, Structure Functions and PDFs
–s(x) and c(x)
–High-x parton distribution
functions
•Nuclear Effects
•Generalized Parton Distributions
MIN
ERνA
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
15
MINERνA
Proposed Schedule
•Continue construction and commissioning, with cosmics, of the
Tracking Prototype at WideBand Hall.
•If successful, install in NuMI beam early in CY2009 to check
response to neutrino beam.
•Continue commissioning of tertiary test beam through end
CY2008.
•Install and commission test beam detector as well as test beam
physics runs in CY2009.
•Complete construction of full MINERnA detector and install in
stages throughout CY2009, partial commissioning as we install.
•Begin commissioning of full detector toward end of CY2009.
•Begin physics data taking end-CY2009/beginning-CY2010.
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
16
How to Measure the 13 Sector
21.27
/ij
ijmLE
∆≡
∆L(km), E(M
eV), m
(10-3eV)
Probed by m
easuring the
disappearance of reactor produced
electron anti-neutrinos.
Need to work at an L/E m
atched to
the atm
ospheric ∆m
2
(C.F. Kamlandmeasurement at
solar ∆m
2)
3
1
42
2
22
12
23
1
22
1
1
12
12
3
2
32
()
1co
ssin
2sin
sin
2(cos
sin
sin
sin
)
ee
Pθ
ν
θθ
θ
θν
→=
−
+∆
∆
∆
−
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
17
12
21
12
31
23
31
31
23
31
23
32
31
31 3
2
22
22
2
22
21
12
22
2
332
13
13
13
sin
()
()
sin
sin
2(
)
sin
()
cos
sin
2(
)
sin(
)sin(
)co
ssin2
sin2
sin2
cos
()
()
sin(
sin
sin2
sin2
sin2
sin
e
aL
PaL
aL
aL
aL
aL
aL
aL
µ
θθ
δθ
δθ
θ
ν
θ
ν
θ
θθ
θ→
= +
∆∆
∆
+
∆
∆∆
∆ ∆∆
∆
∆
+
∓
∓
∓
∓ 131
1
31
2
)sin(
)
()
()
aL
aL
aL
aL
∆
∆
∆
∓
∓
How to Measure the 13 Sector (cont)
1/
2(4000km)
Fe
aGN
−≡
≈
21.27
/ij
ijmLE
∆≡
∆L(km), E(GeV), m
(eV)
Matter effect
():
sin
sin
,e
Pa
aµ
δν
νδ
→→
−→
−
Also probed by m
easuring electron neutrino appearance from
accelerator produced m
uon neutrinos
Need to have an L and E such that interference between solar and
atm
ospheric scales can bee seen
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
18
Matter Effects and CP
ν’s
and a
nd a
nti-ν
’scan b
e u
sed to d
istinguis
h a
mbig
uitie
s
Matter effect
CP e
ffect
Norm
al hierarchy
sin
2(2θ 1
3)= 0.04
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
19
NOνA
Far detector:
18 kton, fully active segmented detector
12 km off NuMIbeamlineaxis
810 km baseline
optical
fibre
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
20
NOνA
Near Detector
186 liquid scintillatorplanes in target
10 in m
uon ranger, 1m steel
Same cell size as far detector
Readout from one side per plane
with APDsplus faster electronics
than far detector
Requires some additional excavation in
NuMItunnel in order for detector to be at
proper 14 m
radangle
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
21
NOνA
θ 13Sensitivity
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
22
NOνA
Mass Hierarchy Sensitivity
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
23
NOνA
Schedule
Best estimate of schedule:
–Apr 2009
Start of Construction (assumes FY09 funding final before March 6)
–Jun 2011
Far Detector Building Beneficial Occupancy
–Aug 2012
1st 2.5 kT of the Far Detector Online
–Jan 2014
Full Far Detector Online
Apr 3
0 2
008
Passed R
epeatC
D-2
/3a R
evi
ew
May
29 2
008
Re-recom
mended b
y P5 u
nder Scenario B
or better
July
1
2008
Supple
menta
l bill resto
res $
9.5
M N
OνA
fundin
gSep 1
5 2
008
CD
-2 G
rante
dO
ct 2
4 2
008
CD
-3a G
rante
d: $17.3
M for lo
ng-lead ite
ms:
$8.9
M for fa
r site p
rep -
road a
nd e
xcava
tion
$6.2
M for AN
U toolin
g, parts, and instrum
enta
tion
$2.1
M for scin
tilla
torw
ave
-shift
ers
(sin
gle
sourc
e)
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
24
Neutrino Program Evolution
•Numerous studies over the past several years have laid out
options for further exploring the neutrino sector
•In particular, searching for CP violation
•i.e. BNL-FNAL US long baseline neutrino experiment study
(March 2006-June 2007) explored
–Beam options
–NuMI , newWide Band Beam at a longer baseline
–On and off axis detector locations
–Detector technology options
•Water cerenkov, liquid argon
•These studies m
ake sense in the context of a non-zero
determ
ination of θ13
Marc
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Ferm
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25
General Conclusions
•Future experiments using conventional* neutrino beams
can be designed to have 3-5σdiscovery potential for
measuring CP violation and the neutrino mass
hierarchyfor values of sin
22θ13as low as ~ 0.01
•These sensitivities are reached assuming :
–aproton sourceat the Megawatt level (or decades of running
time)
–a neutrino beam
optimized to the oscillation probability
(covering the 1st and 2nd oscillation m
aximum)
–an experiment baseline> 1000 km
(to improve the
sensitivity to determ
ine the m
ass hierarchy)
–aDetectorwith effective m
ass (mass*efficiency) > 100kT
•If nature has m
ade θ
13very small we m
ay need to consider
a non-conventional neutrino source, i.e. neutrino factory
from P5 report
from P5 report
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
28
Ferm
ilab to HomestakeDUSEL (1290km)
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
29
Advantage of the Longer Baseline
•Oscillation m
axima are m
oved to higher energy
•Matter effects are significantly larger
Plo
t by
Nik
i Saoulid
ou
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
30
Neutrino Beam Requirements*
•The maximal possible neutrino fluxesto encompass at least the
1st and 2nd oscillation nodes, which occur at 2.4 and 0.8 GeV
respectively
•Since neutrino cross-sections scale with energy, larger fluxes at
lower energiesare desirable to achieve the physics sensitivities
using effects at the 2nd oscillation node
•To detect νµ→νeat the far detector, it is critical to minimize the
neutral-current contamination at lower energy, therefore
minimizing the fluxof neutrinos with energies greater than 5 GeV
where there is little sensitivity to the oscillation parameters is
highly desirable
•The irreducible background to νµ→νeappearance signal comes
from beam generated νeevents, therefore, a high purity νµbeam
with as low as possible νe contamination is required
*From “Simulation of a W
ide-Band Low-Energy Neutrino Beam for Very Long Baseline
Neutrino Oscillation Experiments”, Bishai, Heim, Lewis, Marino, Viren, Yumiceva
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
31
Worldwide Concepts for a Large Detector
Gla
cie
r
FLAR
E
LA
NN
D
Water Cerenkov
Liquid Argon
Liquid Scintillator
100 k
T
Mem
phys
LE
NA
Hyp
er-
Kam
iokande
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
32
WC-100 x 3 @
HomestakeDUSEL
25%
PM
T c
overa
ge
60,0
00 1
0 inch P
MT’s
per m
odule
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
33
Liquid Argon Phased Program
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
34
LBNE Collaboration Organisation
•Several workshops/m
eetings
–April 24 at Leed South Dakota
–June 20 at FNAL
–August 14 at FNAL
–October 14-15 at BNL
–February 26-28 at UC Davis
•Temporary Executive Committee form
ed
•Form
ed an Institutional Board of “interested groups”
•WC and LAr groups submitted Proposals for the NSF S4
solicitation
•Working Towards DOE CD-0
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
35
Summary
•The last decade has been revolutionary in neutrino physics
•The next decade promises an even m
ore rapid development of our
understanding
•The m
asses and m
ixings are giving us hints of physics well
beyond the Standard Model
•Ferm
ilab has a vibrant current, near term
, and far term
program
at the heart of this global effort
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
36
Cross-Sections with MiniBooNE
By almost 2 orders of magnitude
MiniBooNE has the largest ~1 GeV
neutrino data set ever taken.
A range of Cross-Section m
easurements
are planned:-
•CC Quasi-elastic (MA, oscsignal channel)
•NC elastic (compare to CC QE)
•CC π+
(disapp. osc. bkgd, coh. prod.)
•NC π
0 (oscbkgd., coh. prod.)
•CC π
0 (compare to NC channel)
Cross-Sections are also being
published by the K2K collaboration
First CCQE paper completed (arXiv:0706.0926 [hep-ex])
Marc
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Ferm
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37
Cross-Sections with MINERνA
The νSNSexperiment is planning to m
easure cross-sections of 10-50 MeVneutrinos
produced by stopped pionsand m
uonsat SNS. Necessary input to supernova calculations
High granularity detector in NuMIbeamline
Large physics program including xsecmeasurements at a few GeV
“Chewy center (active target), with a crunchy shell of muon, hadron, and EM absorbers”
Marc
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Ferm
ilab
38
Off Axis Beams
ν ννν µ µµµOA2
∆m
2=3x1
0-3eV
2
L=295km
θTargetHorns
Dec
ay Pipe
Far
Detector
Near
Detector
•Increases flux on osc. max.
•Reduces high-E tail, and
thus NC backgrounds
•Reduces ν
econtamination
from K and µ
decay