76 OLR (1982)29(2)

The surface 10-15 m are modeled under the simul- taneous effects of solar heating and wind mixing. A stably stratified layer, which strongly affects atmos- phere-ocean energy transfer, can form beneath the breaking wave layer. (sir)

A300. Fluid mechanics

82:0612 Brevik, Iver, 1981. Oscillatory rough turbulent bound-

any layers. J. Wat Way Port coast. Ocean Div., Am. Soc. cir. Engrs, 107(WW3):175-188.

Kajiura's model (1968) of an oscillatory rough turbulent layer is simplified, consisting of an overlap layer in which turbulent viscosity varies linearly with height, and an outer layer in which viscosity is constant. Analytic expressions are compared with Jonsson's Test No. 1 (1963, 1976, 1980); reasonable agreement is found. Div. of Port and Ocean Engrg., Univ. of Trondheim, Norway.

82:0613 Koutitas, C. and B. O'Connor, 1981. Turbulence

model for flow over dredged channels. J. Hydraul. Div., Am. Soc. cir. Engrs, 107(HY8):989-1002.

A mixed finite-difference/finite-element method is used; comparison of computed flow magnitudes (velocity, eddy viscosity, shear stresses, and tur- bulence kinetic energy) with laboratory-measured ones demonstrates the model's predictive character. Hydraulics Dept., Sch. of Tech., Thessaloniki Univ., Thessaloniki, Greece.

82:0614 Mahanti, A.C., 198 !. The oscillation between Rossby

wave and zonal flow in a barotropic fluid. Arch. Met. Geophys. Bioklim., (A)30(3):211-225.

A regular periodic oscillation on the scale of weeks between Rossby wave motion and zonal flow is found by numerically integrating the 'equations of linear instability of Rossby wave motion...under Lorenz's (1972) conditions.' Inst. of Drilling Tech., Kaulagarh Rd., P.O.B. No. 43, Dehradun, U.P., India. (izs)

82:0615 McCutcheon, S.C., 1981. Vertical velocity profiles in

stratified flows. J. Hydraul. Div., Am. Soc. cir. Engrs, 107(HY8):973-988.

Monin-Obukhov analysis is applied to stably strat- ified, 2-D, hydraulically rough, turbulent, fully developed, open-channel flows. Buoyancy flux is expressed as a function of the velocity and density gradients where buoyancy flux may vary over depth. Resulting vertical velocity profile expressions were verified; sidewall effects on stratified flows are significant in narrow flumes, magnified in highly stratified flows. USGS, Gulf Coast Hydroscience Center, NSTL Station, Miss., USA.

82:0616 Mechoso, C.R. and D.M. Sinton, 1981. Instability of

baroclinic flows with horizontal shear along topography. J. phys. Oceanogr., 11(6):813-821.

Emphasizing the structure and energetics of the unstable perturbations, a linearized two-layer quasi- geostrophic channel model for different topography profiles and distributions of the basic velocity field is used. Results for bottom topography with differing characteristics across the flow indicate pronounced localized effects on the energy conversions over slopes and the meridional scale of perturbations in the lower layer. Dept. of Atmos. Sci., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Calif. 90024, USA.

82:0617 Mobbs, S.D., 1981. Some vorticity theorems and

conservation laws for non-barotropic fluids. J. Fluid Mech., 108:475-483.

Theorems concerning vorticity in barotropic flows are generalized for non-barotropic flows by replac- ing velocity with a time-dependent quantity (a function of the fluid's velocity and thermodynamic properties). Generalized results include Kelvin's circulation theorem and conservation laws for potential vorticity and helicity; further generaliza- tion includes dissipative effects. The possibility of deriving a complete set of Lagrangian conservation laws for perfect fluids is discussed. Dept. of Appl. Math. Studies, Univ. of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.

B. MARINE METEOROLOGY

B10. Apparatus and methods

82:0618 Patterson, E.M. et al., 1980. Tropospheric chemistry

measurements from aircraft. A tmos. Technol., 1980(12):69pp; 12 papers.

Aspects of aircraft collection and measurement of atmospheric samples are considered, especially those

OLR (1982) 29 (2) B. Marine Meteorology 77

related to 'the problem of the spatial integration of compositional information' (due to aircraft velocity) and 'the method by which air is brought from the atmosphere, accelerated to aircraft velocity, and then presented to the instrumentation.' (smf)

B40. Area studies, surveys, weather

82:0619 Egger, J., G. Meyers and P.B. Wright, 1981.

Pressure, wind and cloudiness in the tropical Pacific related to the Southern Oscillation. Mon. Weath. Rev., 109(6):1139-1149.

Assessment of the significance of data anomalies is only satisfactory if the data fields can be linked dynamically; an attempt is made to relate wind to pressure. 'Conspicuous features of the cloudiness and wind fields were successfully derived from the pressure field.' Positive correlations were established among the Southern Oscillation Index, strong sur- face easterlies, and reduced cloudiness. Arbeitsgr. fur Theor. Meteorol., Meteorol. Inst. der Univ. Munchen, FRG. (sir)

Bll0 . Climate, climatology

82:0620 Hansen, J. et al., 1981. Climate impact of increasing

atmospheric carbon dioxide. Science, 213(4511): 957-966.

The 'greenhouse effect' is described, and increases in global temperature over the last century are com- pared with predictions of a global climate model. Even with slow energy growth, a global warming of ~2 .5C ° is predicted for the next century. Possible climatic effects of such unprecedented warming are discussed (shifting climatic zones, sea level changes, etc.). NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, New York, N.Y. 10025, USA. (mjj)

82:0621 Kerr, R.A., 1981. Milankovitch climate cycles: old

and unsteady. Science, 213(4512): 1095-1096.

A review of studies aimed at revealing cycles or periodicities in the orbital motions of the Earth indicates that orbital variations affected the ocean and climate at least 8 mya and, perhaps, 30---40 mya, and that effects of the orbital variations were modulated by influences such as Northern Hemi- sphere ice sheets. Once these orbital cycles are identified, they could be used to improve the precision of the geologic time scale. (hbf)

82:0622 Merle, J., 1980. [The ocean and climate: thermal

function of the ocean in dimate dynamic~] Review. Mdt~orologie, (S6r. 6)(22):85-95. (In French.)

82:0623 Pant, G.B. and B. Parthasarathy, 1981. Some aspects

of an association between the Southern Oscil- lation and Indian Summer Monsoon. Arch. Met. Geophys. Bioklim., (B)29(3):245-252.

A century's seasonal rainfall data for India were examined alongside Wright's (1975) computed Southern Oscillation Index values for the same period. A high degree of correlation between the extremes of both data sets illustrates the importance of including the Southern Oscillation as a feedback aspect in monsoon climate models. Indian Inst. of Tropical Meteor., Poona 411005, India. (sir)

B140. Air-sea interactions

82:0624 Crane, R.G., 1981. Surface-atmosphere interactions

over the polar oceans. Prog. phys. Geogr., 5(2):186-216.

Studies correlating sea ice conditions with atmos- pheric or oceanic phenomena were reviewed (1) within the context of surface energy budgets, (2) for effects of long term changes in sea ice conditions on climate dynamics and (3) for possible applications of remote sensing technology. Ultimately, understand- ing of these processes depends on understanding the operation of feedback operations. Includes 7 pages of references. CIRES, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, Colo., USA. (mwf)

82:0625 Deacon, E.L., 1981. Sea-air gas transfer: the wind

speed dependence. Boundary-layer Met., 21(1):31-37.

Geosecs data (Peng et al., 1979), collected to estimate radon transfer rate from the sea to the atmosphere, are reconsidered for wind speed de- pendence. A significant increase with wind speed was found but extent of the increase was uncertain due to unsteady wind conditions. The increase by 2 or 3 over a theoretical smooth-surface value is explained by the capillary-wave surface dilation effect. 4 Haldane St., Beaumaris, 3193, Australia. (rjs)

82:0626 Gorshkov, N.F., 1981. Experimental determination of

78 B. Marine Meteorolog3 OLR (1982) 29 (2)

the space-time changes of pressure above a sea surface with wind waves. Fiz. Atmosf. Okeana, 17(6):594-603. (In Russian, English abstract.)

82:0627 Walsh, J.E. and J.E. Sater, 1981. Monthly and

seasonal variability in the ocean-ice-atmosphere systems of the North Pacific and the North Atlantic. J. geophys. Res., 86(C8):7425-7445.

'The present work is an attempt to identify the associations between the SST distribution, the atmospheric circulation and the interannual varia- bility of sea ice' by the examination of 30 years of monthly mean data. Among the associations found: SST anomalies are persistent responses to atmos- pheric forcing and in the North Pacific are strongly associated with sea ice extent. The forcing events precede by 3 to 9 months depending on the area studied. Lab. for Atmos. Res., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. 61801, USA. (fcs)

B170. Circulation

82:0628 Miller, J.M., 1981. A five-year climatology of back

trajectories from the Manna Loa Observatory, Hawaii. Atmos. Environ., 15(9):!553-1558.

Trajectories were classified and summarized to produce a long-range trajectory climatology. Results show strong east-west flow dichotomy across the Pacific during the period 1975-80; individual years have marked variations from the 5-year pattern. Air Resources Lab., NOAA, Silver Spring, Md. 20910, USA.

BI80. Winds

82:0629 Goldenberg, S.B. and J.J. O'Brien, 1981. Time and

space variability of tropical Pacific wind stress. Mon. Weath. Rev., 109(6):1190-1207.

Monthly mean wind stress data from a 2 ° × 2 ° latitude-longitude grid (30°S-30°N) 1961-1970 were subjectively analyzed for distributions of frequency and wave number spectra. A white noise test was also performed. Only the annual and semiannual peaks were statistically significant. There were great region-to-region frequency spectra variations. Wind spectra were white for interannual periods. National Hurricane Res. Lab., NOAA, Coral Gables, Fla. 33146, USA. (rjs)

82:0630 Nicholls, S. and C.J. Readings, 1981. Spectral

characteristics of surface layer turbulence over the sea. Q. Jl R. met. Soc., 107(453):591-614.

Along- and across-wind data collected during 8 flights at low levels over the ocean surrounding the U.K. were subjected to spectral analysis. Velocity and temperature spectra agree well with earlier results but temperature spectra may be contami- nated by salt. Across-wind spectra and cospectra were narrower than along-wind spectra with energy concentrated in 2 decades at larger wave numbers. Includes appendix: Possible effects of salt contam- ination on temperature measurements. Meteorolog- ical Res. Flight, Royal Aircraft Estab., Farnborough, U.K. (rjs)

82:0631 Reid, S.J., 1981. Extreme winds over the seas around

New Zealand. N.Z. Jl Sci., 24(1):51-58.

Pressure differences between coastal stations used to calculate geostrophic winds gave average onshore wind velocities which were subjected to extreme value analysis. Winds measured at well-exposed stations correlated strongly with calculated speeds; sheltered stations gave values unrepresentative of conditions at sea. Northwesterlies were the most intense winds followed by northeasterlies; southeast- erlies were the weakest. New Zealand Meteor. Serv.. Ministry of Transport, P.O. Box 722, Wellington, NZ. (mwf)

82:0632 Sacr6, C., 1981. Strong wind structure near a sea-land

roughness discontinuity. Boundary-layer Met., 21(1):57-76.

An in-situ study of the winter internal boundary !ayer of a Loire Estuary [France] beach revealed the changes an air flow undergoes as it crosses a land-sea discontinuity. Particularly influential in the air flow modification are the 'acceleration effect' of dunes and the 'magnitude of the land's roughness.' Centre Sci. et Technique du Batiment, Nantes. France. (izs)

82:0633 Takeda, Atsushi, 198 !. An analysis of wind fields over

the ocean from data taken by a microwave seatterometer on Seasat. Rept natn. Res. Cent. Disaster Prevent., Tokyo, 25:143-154. (In Japa- nese, English abstract.) National Res. Cent. for Disaster Prevention, No. 9-2, Nijigahama, Hirat- suka, Kanagawa-ken 254, Japan.

OLR (1982) 29 (2) B. Marine Meteorology 79

$2:0634 Thompson, T.W., D.E. Weissman and F.I. Gonzalez,

1981. Seasat SAR cross-section modulation by surface winds: GOASEX [Gulf of Alaska Seasat Experimenti observations. Geophys. Res. Letts, 8(2): 159-162.

Synthetic Aperture Radar and Wind Speed Scattero- meter observations indicate that L-band backscatter is modulated by surface winds and their directions; it appears that SAR images in conjunction with SASS data may yield high resolution maps of surface winds. Plan. Sci. Inst., Science Appl., Inc., Pasadena, Calif. 91101, USA. (smf)

82:0635 Vugts, H.F. and F. Cannemeijer, 1981. Measure-

ments of drag coeffidents and roughness length at a sea-beach interface. J. appl. Met., 20(4):335- 340.

Under unstable conditions, the drag coefficient over the ocean approximates that over the surf zone. For wind speeds < 6 m/s, roughness length of the beach is ~ 3 0 / t m (supporting Hsu's 1974 values); at wind speeds > 8 m/s, roughness length increases to ~400 /~m (attributed to aeolian sand transport). Dept. of Meteorology, Free Univ., Amsterdam, Netherlands. (izs)

82:0636 Wylie, D.P., B.B. Hinton and K.M. Millett, 1981. A

comparison of three satellite-based methods for estimating surface winds over oceans. J. appl. Met., 20(4):439-449.

Low-level wind estimates are derived using two methods applied to image data from the GOES satellite and a third method applied to microwave scatterometer data from Seasat-A. Methods' biases were small allowing combination of the various data sets. Cloud motions were found capable of providing the independent wind direction needed by Seasat-A. Space Sci. and Eng. Center, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisc. 53706, USA. (rjs)

B190. Pressure gradients, air masses

82:0637 Nguyen Ngoc Anh and A.E. Gill, 1981. Generation

of coastal lows by synoptic-scale waves. Q. Jl R. met. Soc., 107(453):521-530.

A numerical model which simulates the interaction of synoptic-scale systems with a meridional es- carpment (generating coastal lows typical of those of southern Africa) is offered. Under certain condi-

tions, 'trapped waves are produced at the escarp- ment, the dominant wave being poleward propa- gating.' Dept. of Appl. Math. and Theor. Phys., Univ. of Cambridge, Silver Street, Cambridge CB3 9EW, UK. (sir)

B270. Precipitation

82:0638 Garcia, Oswaldo, 1981. A comparison of two satellite

rainfall estimates for GATE. J. appl. Met., 20(4):430-438.

Over large oceanic areas, agreement between the Kilonsky-Ramage (KR) and Griffith-Woodley (GW) techniques was good except near Africa where the KR estimate was low due to undetected noc- turnal rain. Both techniques compared well with radar estimates at smaller scales, but the GW method provided better resolution. The KR tech- nique provides reliable, low cost, monthly estimates for tropical oceans. ERL, NOAA, Boulder, Colo. 80303, USA. (rjs)

B280. Storms

82:0639 Mahanti, A.C., 1981. The origin of tropical distur-

bances. Arch. Met. Geophys. Bioklim., (A)30(3): 167-183.

Mahanti's 'equivalent barotropic models' for the upper and lower atmospheres were applied to the interaction between pressure and diabatic heating waves; results aided in understanding the growth rate and movement of numerous recurrent tropical atmospheric phenomena. Inst. of Drilling Tech., Kaulagarh Rd., P.O.B. No. 43, Dehradun, U.P., India. (slr)

82:0640 McBride, J.L. and Raymond Zehr, 1981. Obser-

vational analysis of tropical cyclone formation. I. Basic description of data sets. II. Comparison of non-developing versus developing systems. !II. Budget analysis. J. atmos. Sci., 38(6): 1117-1 !66; 3 papers.

This 3-part investigation is based on the construction of 12 composite data sets for the tropical NW Atlantic and Pacific oceans; ~40,000 rawinsonde measurements describing 912 individual weather systems form the composites, which represent var- ious forms of developing and non-developing trop- ical disturbances. Comparison of the two types thus

80 B. Marine MeteoroLogy OLR (1982) 29 (2)

detailed yields a 'Daily Genesis Potential' parameter for a system's likely development. The composites additionally yield vertically integrated moisture, heat, angular momentum and kinetic energy budgets which allow further comparison of the differences between non-developing and developing distur- bances. Tropical climate model implications are discussed. Australian Numerical Meteor. Res. Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. (sir)

82:0641 Peyrefitte, A.G. Jr., E.G. Astling (comment), K.M.

Zishka and P.J. Smith (reply), 1981. Comments on 'The climatology of cyclones and anticyclones over North America and surrounding ocean environs for January and July, 1950-1977.' Mon. Weath. Rev., 109(6):1356-1358.

82:0642 Thiruvengadathan, A., 1975. Studies on some aspects

of the incidence of cyclonic storms vis-a-vis sea temperature distribution over the Arabian Sea. J. mar. biol. Ass. India, 17(2):41-48.

Cyclonic storms in the Indian seas show maxima in May and November with minimum activity in August--closely related to sea temperature changes in association with the Southern Monsoon. Tem- perature conditions over the Arabian Sea (except in May) generally inhibit intensification of westward moving storms, many of which actually dissipate at sea. Main Meteorol. Office, Bombay Airport, Bombay-29, India.

B310. Chemistry

82:0643 Helas, Gtlnter and Peter Warneck, 1981. Background

NO~ mixing ratios in air masses over the North Atlantic Ocean. J. geophys. Res., 86(C8):7283- 7290.

An average NO2 mixing ratio of 101 + 87 pptv was measured at the west coast of Ireland; a ratio of 87 +_ 47 pptv was measured for pure marine air masses. A diurnal variation was detected, with lower values occurring at night. An as yet unidentified N compound(s) was detected in addition to NO and NO2; its amount was greater during the day. Max-Planck-Inst. fur Chemie, Otto Hahn Inst., Mainz, FRG. (mjj)

82:0644 Logan, J.A., M.J. Prather, S.C. Wofsy and M.B.

McElroy, 1981. Tropospheric chemistry: a global perspective. J. geophys. Res, 86(C8):7210-7254.

A model for the photochemistry of the global troposphere is presented in this comprehensive paper which emphasizes the importance of the hydroxyl radical in tropospheric photochemistry. The value of using atmospheric concentrations of the solvent 1,l,l-trichloroethane as a check on the model is considered. Includes ca. 200 references. Center for Earth Plan. Phys., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. 02138, USA. (bwt)

B320. Particulates (dust, aerosols, etc.)

82:0645 Bodhaine, B.A., B.G. Mendonca, J.M. Harris and

J.M. Miller, 1981. Seasonal variations in aerosols and atmospheric transmission at Manna Loa Observatory [Hawaii]. J. geophys. Res., 86(C8):7395-7398.

Seasonal variations are strongly correlated and in phase. Total ozone is also in phase but accounts for only ~20% of the seasonal variation in atmospheric transmission; aerosols, 80%. Total precipitable water vapor is out of phase with atmospheric transmission. Long-range atmospheric trajectory analyses indicate that tropospheric transport of aerosols from Asia is most likely responsible for the seasonal variations. NOAA, ARL, Boulder, Colo. 80303, USA.

82:0646 Turekian, K.K. and J.K. Cochran, 1981. zt°pb in

surface air at Enewetak and the Asian dust flux to the Pacific. Nature, Lond., 292(5823):522-524.

As part of SEAREX, 2~°Pb and 2~°Po were measured in air filter and integrated monthly precipitation samples collected during 1979 to estimate the 2~°Pb flux (0.15_+0.02 dpm cm 2yr-L) and the Asian dust flux (38 _+ 20/~g cm-2yr t) at Enewetak. Dept. of Geol. and Geophys., Yale Univ., Box 6666, New Haven, Conn. 06511, USA.

B350. Pollution

82:0647 Sequeira, R., 1981. Acid rain: some preliminary

results from global data analysis. Geophys. Res. Letts, 8(2): 147-150.

Preliminary results from World Meteorological Organization data suggest that even remote maritime baseline stations 'could become predisposed to acid rain' if non-marine calcium is deficient relative to non-marine sulfate. Not all non-marine sulfate and nitrate in precipitation could be present as acid; the

OLR (1982) 29 (2) B. Marine Meteorology 81

role of atmospheric particulate matter 'cannot be overlooked in the evaluation of the acid rain problem.' NOAA, Silver Spring, Md. 20910, USA. (sm0

B380. Forecasting

82:0648 Leslie, L.M., G.A. Mills and D.J. Gauntlett, 1981.

The impact of FGGE data coverage and improved numerical techniques in numerical weather pre- diction in the Australian region. Q. Jl R. met. Soc., 107(453):629-642. Australian Numerical Meteorol. Res. Centre, Box 5089AA, GPO, Melbourne, Australia.

82:0649 Neumann, C.J. and J.M. Pelissier, 1981. An analysis

of Atlantic tropical cyclone forecast errors, 1970-1979. Mon. Weath. Rev., 109(6): 1248-1266.

Official tropical storm and hurricane forecasts from the [U.S.] National Hurricane Center were analyzed to identify spatial or temporal biases, trends, or features that may help improve future forecasts. Although there were no large-scale biases, several significant temporal and spatial features were iden- tified. Storms initially located in the easterlies were shown to have less mean forecast error than those in the westerlies. National Hurricane Center, Coral Gables, Fla. 33146, USA. (rjs)

B440. Books, collections (general)

82:0650 Rahn, K.A. (ed.), 1980/81. Arctic air chemistry.

Proceedings of the second symposium 6-8 May 1980, Narragansett, Rhode Island. Atmos. Environ., 15(8):1345-1516; 21 papers.

Symposium papers were heavily pollution-oriented; several dealt with sources and transport of Arctic aerosols. Specific topics included soot, haze, light scattering, trace element deposition on the Green- land Ice Sheet, cloudiness trends, climatology, and satellite measurements of aerosol distributions. A need is cited for research on Arctic meteorology. (izs)

82:0651 Tanczer, T., G. GOtz and G. Major (eds.), 1980/81.

First FGGE results from satellites. Symposium on Systems Performance and Early Results of the Global Observing System for FGGE. Pro- ceedings of Symposium 4 of the COSPAR 23rd

plenary meeting, Budapest, 2-14 June 1980. Adv. Space Res., 1(4):332pp; 35 papers.

FGGE lasted 1 yr and involved virtually all 147 WMO member nations. Its broad goals were to better understand the physical processes determining at- mospheric behavior, and to incorporate the acquired data into a system of weather analysis. Numerous satellites in polar and geostationary equatorial orbits were crucial to FGGE, and SO in this first post-FGGE symposium they received prominent attention. Nine symposium parts cover FGGE space systems (ME'lEO- SAT, TIROS-N, GMS [HIMAWARI], NIMBUS-7, TOVS, etc.); special observing systems (Navaid, FGGE Drifting Buoy System, ARGOS); observation in the tropics (1979 Indian Summer Monsoon); wind determina- tions (imagery, water vapor channels, and inter- national result compatibility); data assessment; air-sea interaction; tropospheric structure; strato- sphere; radiation processes; and cloud studies (cover, top heights and long-range weather predic- tion). (fcs)

B450. Miscellaneous

82:0652 Kato, Susumu, 1981. Atmospheric tides: a review. J.

atmos, terr. Phys., 43(5/6):491-493.

Emphasizing theory and recent observations, this overview notes the promise shown by numerical simulation to elucidate the variability of observed tides. Radar observation will detail vertical structure of tides in the middle atmosphere and thermosphere. Unsolved problems are considered. Ionosphere Res. Lab., Kyoto Univ., Uji 611, Japan.

82:0653 Schwiesow, R.L., R.E. Cupp, P.C. Sinclair and R.F.

Abbey Jr., 1981. [Waterspouts: airborne Doppler lidar velocity measurements and horizontal veloc- ity strncture.l J. appl. Met., 20(4):341-360; 2 papers.

The first of these 2 papers discusses the utility and limitations of Doppler lidar, line-of-sight velocity measurements of cloud droplets in a waterspout. The second presents 21 observed data sets which are related to a simple I-D vortex model. Maximum horizontal component velocities ranged from ~4-34 m/see in funnels of diameters 7-90 m. NOAA, Wave Propagation Lab., Boulder, Colo. 80303, USA. (fcs)

82:0654 Zillman, J.W., 1981. Impact of FGGE buoy system

data on Southern Hemisphere meteorology. Adv. Space Res., 1(4):197-210.

82 OLR (1982) 29(2)

During much of this century Southern Hemisphere data acquisition has actually deteriorated with the wind-down of whaling and other shipping activities in southern waters. As satellites could not provide accurate surface pressure fields, 302 F G G E drifting buoys were deployed. In this preliminary review 'it is

already clear that the buoy data have made a major contribution to both operational and research aspects' of Southern Hemisphere meteorology and hydrography. Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia. (fcs)

C. CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

C10. Apparatus and methods

82:0655 Goldberg, E.D., 1981. Editors and revolutions.

Editorial. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 12(7):p.225.

With the advent of recent analytical and meth- odological techniques pioneered by such chemists as Clair Patterson at CalTech, many marine chemists have come to realize that pre-revolutionary 'data for trace metal concentrations in seawaters were merely collections of random numbers.' And yet, those numbers are stil1 very much a part of the modern literature. The selection of reviewers likely to catch these references is therefore 'of paramount impor- tance.' (fcs)

82:0656 Jagner, Daniel, Mats Josefson and Stig Westerlund,

198 i. Determination of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper in seawater by means of computerized potentiometric stripping analysis. Analytica chim. Acta, 129:153-161.

Advantages (increased sensitivity, elimination of deoxygenation step) of computerizing a potentio- metric stripping analyzer are described; results of heavy metal analysis of Arctic seawater samples are presented. Special analytical problems in Cu deter- mination at very low concentrations are discussed. Univ. of Goteborg, S-412 96 Goteborg, Sweden. (bwt)

82:0657 Kiriyama, Tetsuya, Mayumi Haraguchi and Rokuro

I¢_uroda, 1981. Combined anion-exchange sepa- ration and spectrophotometrie determination of

traces of titanium in seawater. Z. analyt. Chem., 307(5):352-355. Kuroda: Lab. for Anal. Chem., Univ. of Chiba, Yayoi-cho, Chiba, Japan.

82:0658 Ramos, L.S. and P.G. Prohaska, 1981. Sephadex

LH-20 chromatography of extracts of marine sediment and biological samples for the isolation of polynnclear aromatic hydrocarbons. J. Chroma- tog., 211(2):284-289.

A simplified, two-step procedure combining silica gel chromatography with LH-20 chromatography is an efficient isolation technique that separates PAH in environmental samples from interfering com- pounds with good recovery of target compounds; the simplified gas chromatograms of PAH fractions allow direct quantitation. Prohaska: Northwest and Alaska Fish. Center, NMFS, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E, Seattle, Wash. 98112, USA. (bwt)

82:0659 Setchell, U.W., 19~1. Particulate protein measure-

ment in oceanographic samples by dye binding. Mar. Chem., 10(4):301-313.

To calculate biomass m ocean water samples a modified version of the Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye binding protein assay is presented. The method, which can be used on the same homogenates prepared for electron transport system activity measurements, has been intercalibrated with the widely used Lowry assay. Results from Gulf of Maine water samples are discussed. The Darling Center, Univ. of Maine, Walpole, Maine 04573, USA. (bwt)