1 World Meteorological Organization & Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (of UNESCO) JOINT WMO/IOC TECHNICAL COMMISSION FOR OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE METEOROLOGY Marine Technical Conference (TECO) Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, 23 to 24 October 2017 JCOMM- 5/TECO TOWARD AN INTEGRATED METOCEAN MONITORING, FORECASTING AND SERVICE SYSTEM from Monday 23 to Tuesday 24 October 2017 FINAL PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS OF ORAL AND POSTER PRESENTATIONS
Glenn Scott .................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Val Swail ........................................................................................................................................................................ 9
Shao Yi ........................................................................................................................................................................ 11
Kevin O'Brien............................................................................................................................................................... 14
Tim Boyer .................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Yaru Li ......................................................................................................................................................................... 18
David Wyatt ................................................................................................................................................................ 22
Thomas Cuff ................................................................................................................................................................ 23
Miguel Campusano ...................................................................................................................................................... 28
Adi Ripaldi ................................................................................................................................................................... 31
Benny Peter ................................................................................................................................................................. 32
Agung Angga I Gusti .................................................................................................................................................... 37
Andres Alonso-Martirena ............................................................................................................................................ 39
Cahya Swastika Populasi ............................................................................................................................................. 44
Darma Yudha Gusti ..................................................................................................................................................... 45
David Meldrum ........................................................................................................................................................... 46
Elazim Ali Abd ............................................................................................................................................................. 47
Giovanni Coppini ......................................................................................................................................................... 49
I Gusti Ayu Putu Putri Astiduari ................................................................................................................................... 52
Immanuel Jhonson Arizona Saragih ............................................................................................................................. 53
Jeremy Tandy .............................................................................................................................................................. 54
Jose Rizal ..................................................................................................................................................................... 55
Maria Cecilia Monteverde ........................................................................................................................................... 57
Novi Fitrianti ............................................................................................................................................................... 59
Novi Fitrianti ............................................................................................................................................................... 60
Patrick Gorringe .......................................................................................................................................................... 62
Qi Yang ........................................................................................................................................................................ 63
Rahayu Sri Puji ............................................................................................................................................................ 64
Yang Yang .................................................................................................................................................................... 74
ABSTRACTS OF ORAL PRESENTATIONS (RESERVE) .......................................................................... 75
Anggoro Adityo Mega .................................................................................................................................................. 76
Dawei An ..................................................................................................................................................................... 77
I Gusti Ayu Putu Putri Astiduari ................................................................................................................................... 79
Jingshi Li ...................................................................................................................................................................... 80
Wu He ......................................................................................................................................................................... 84
Bin Gui Wu .................................................................................................................................................................. 90
Bo Hu .......................................................................................................................................................................... 91
David Meldrum ........................................................................................................................................................... 94
Elena Tel ...................................................................................................................................................................... 97
Guangpu Liu .............................................................................................................................................................. 100
Levi Ratnasari ............................................................................................................................................................ 103
Lijun Hu ..................................................................................................................................................................... 104
Mengxi Yang .............................................................................................................................................................. 106
Paul Holthus .............................................................................................................................................................. 108
Putu Hadi Wiguna Pande ........................................................................................................................................... 109
Reza Bayu Perdana .................................................................................................................................................... 113
Shuo Liu ..................................................................................................................................................................... 118
Stefania A Ciliberti ..................................................................................................................................................... 119
Sunghyup You ........................................................................................................................................................... 120
Val Swail .................................................................................................................................................................... 121
Weihua Pan ............................................................................................................................................................... 122
Xiangke Liu ................................................................................................................................................................ 123
Xiaotu Lei .................................................................................................................................................................. 124
Xue Ao ....................................................................................................................................................................... 125
Yan Wang .................................................................................................................................................................. 126
Zhaoyi Wang ............................................................................................................................................................. 128
JOINT WMO/IOC TECHNICAL COMMISSION FOR OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE METEOROLOGY
Marine Technical Conference (TECO) Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, 23 to 24 October 2017
JCOMM-5/TECO
TOWARD AN INTEGRATED METOCEAN MONITORING,
FORECASTING AND SERVICE SYSTEM
Monday 23 to Tuesday 24 October 2017
WMO Headquarters SALLE C1
FINAL PROGRAMME
2
Registration: 22 October 2017 16:00 – 18:00 Registration and poster hanging
First Day: 23 October 2017 Time Session, presentation & speakers
08:30 – 08:50 Registration
08:50 – 09:00 Logistics overview
09:00 - 09:30 Opening Talks
Dr. Wenjian Zhang, WMO Assistant Secretary General Dr. Vladimir Ryabinin, IOC Executive Secretary Dr Andi Eka Sakya, Permanent Representative of Indonesia with WMO [VIDEO CONNECTION]
09:30 - 10:00 The JCOMM 10 year Vision, Co-presidents presentation
10:00 - 10:30 Coffee Break – Ground Floor, WMO
Session 1- The multi-disciplinary, global and regional met-ocean observing systems in support of WMO and IOC Applications and Services
Conveners: David Legler, Albert Fischer, Jon Turton
10:30 - 10:45 The Argo Program - Present and Future, W. Brechner Owens (Emeritus Research Scholar), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, United States of America
10:45 - 11:00 The U.S. Certified Mid-Atlantic Regional Metocean Network as a Testbed for GOOS, Scott Glenn, Rutgers University, United States of America
11:00 - 11:15 A vision for in situ wave measurements for the next decade, Val Swail,
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada
11:15 - 11:30 The Global Drifter Program: Currents, Sea Surface Temperature, Atmospheric Pressure and Waves in the World’s Ocean, Luca Centurioni, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, United States of America
11:30 - 11:45 The State of Mooring Buoy Development at NOTC/SOA/CHINA, Yi Shao, National Ocean Technology Centre, China
11:45 - 12:00 The multi observations component of European Copernicus Marine and Environment Marine Service (CMEMS): a useful tool to monitor the ocean state and to assess the global observing system (GOOS), Gilles Larnicol, Collecte Localisation Satellite (CLS), France
12:00 - 12:15 DISCUSSION of SESSION 1
12:15 - 13:15 Lunch
3
13:15 – 14:15 Poster viewing session
Session 2 - Metocean data management strategy to better address the needs of WMO and IOC Applications and Services
14:30 - 14:45 Open Access to the GTS: A JCOMM Observations Coordination Group Pilot Project, Kevin O'Brien , University of Washington/JISAO - NOAA/PMEL, United States of America
14:45 - 15:00 Progress on the JCOMM Marine Climate Data System (MCDS): Systematizing in situ marine data flow, Tim Boyer, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), United States of America
15:00 - 15:15 EMODNET CHEMISTRY PLATFORM to address the needs of WMO and UNESCO’S IOC Community: Use Cases, Alessandra Giorgetti, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale – OGS, Italy
Session 3 - Metocean predictions, uncertainties, and gaps Conveners: Nick Ashton, Pierre Bahurel
15:30 – 15:45 Diagnosis and Numerical Simulation of the Near-surface Wind Fields at
Inexpressible Island in Ross Sea , Haipeng Yu, The National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center (NMEFC) Of China, China
15:45 – 16:00 Development of Operational Marine Forecasting Systems in the North China Sea, Yaru Li, North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center, State Oceanic Administration of China, China
16:00 – 16:15 Effect of El Nino (1997-1998 and 2015-2016) to the three rainfall pattern in East Indonesia (Maluku Island ), Rion Suaib Salman, Indonesia Agency of Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical (BMKG), Indonesia
16:15 – 16:30 Ocean state monitoring and forecast by JMA, Ayako Takeuchi, Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan
16:30 – 16:45 The CMCC global ocean forecast system (GOFS16) and relocatable regional downscaling, Doroteaciro Iovino, Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Italy
16:45 – 17:00 DISCUSSION of SESSION 3
17:00 – 18:00 Roundtable Discussion I: The Global Integrated Met-Ocean observation, data management and forecasting system Round Table participants: D.Legler, P.Bahurel, S.Belov, moderator: N.Pinardi Specific discussion items are:
4
1) Coordination of Future Observing Networks with present JCOMM Observing Systems 2) End-to-End Metocean services: implications for a global infrastructure
Second Day: : 24 October 2017 Time Session, presentation & speakers
08:30 - 08:45 Invited Talk: A Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, Dr.
Vladimir Ryabinin, IOC Executive Secretary
08:45-09:00 Invited Talk: IPCC SPECIAL REPORT on the OCEAN & CRYOSPHERE IN A CHANGING CLIMATE (SROCC) - update on the status of preparation Abdalah Mokssit, IPCC Secretary
09:00 - 09:15 Enhancement of use of Bathymetric data across the globe, David Wyatt,
International Hydrographic Organization, Monaco
09:15 - 09:30 Building a Maritime Weather Ready Nation, Thomas Cuff, Ocean Prediction Center, NOAA National Weather Service , United States of America
09:30 - 09:45 An application of the WMO Service Delivery Framework and Quality Management initiative through the IMO/WMO Worldwide Met-Ocean Information and Warning Service, Neal Moodie , Bureau of Meteorology, Australia
09:45 - 10.00 Coupling of Wave and Hydrodynamic Models for Predicting Coastal Inundation: A case study in Jakarta and Semarang, Andri Ramdhani, BMKG, Indonesia
10:00 - 10:30 Coffee Break - Ground Floor, WMO
10:30 - 10:45 Unite in the First Mile to Reach the Last Mile- Coastal Inundation Forecasting Demonstration Project (CIFDP) in Bangladesh, Bapon Fakhruddin, Tonkin & Taylor, New Zealand [VIDEO CONNECTION]
10:45- 11:00 Progresses of Coastal Inundation Forecasting Demonstration Project
Shanghai Sub-project, Zheqing Fang , Shanghai Meteorological Service, China
11.00 - 11.15 WMO Caribbean Coastal Inundation and Forecast Demonstration Project (CIFDP-C) – status and way forward, Miguel Campusano, ONAMET, Dominican Republic
Session 5 - Indonesian Region metocean services on safety and socio-economic benefits with focus on improvement of prediction accuracy
Convener: Nelly Florida Riama
11:45 - 12:00 Climate-Ocean Variability and Fisheries and Coastal Response in Indonesian waters, Jonson Lumban-Gaol, Department of Marine Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia
12:00 - 12:15 Evolution of Sea Temperature Anomalies in Nino 3.4 region into Indonesia Rainfall Anomalies during El Nino Event 2015/2016 Adi Ripaldi, BMKG, Indonesia
12:15 - 13:15 Lunch
13:15 - 13:30 Role of Indonesian Throughflow on Indian Ocean Dipole- A remote sensing perspective, Benny Peter, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, India
13:30 - 13:45 Development of Marine Risk Information for Safety Traditional Sailing on Cenderawasih Bay, Eastern Maritime Continent, Furqon Alfahmi, The Indonesian Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics, Indonesia
13.45 - 14:00 Effect of Sea Waves and Ekman Transport Against the Pattern of Conventional Growth System in West Java Coast, Khafid Rizki Pratama, Indonesian State College of Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics, Indonesia
14:00 - 14:15 DISCUSSION of SESSION 5
14:15 - 15:15 Roundtable Discussion II: Impact forecasting, Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy and Capacity Development Round Table participants: E.Louw, V. Swail, N. Florida Riama, moderator: J.Stander Specific discussion items are: 1) Building resilience and preparedness to natural and man-made ocean and coastal hazards 2) Safety and low carbon footprint maritime transport
15:15 - 15:45 Coffee Break - Ground Floor, WMO
15:45 - 16:45 Poster viewing
16:45 - 17:45 Final Wrap Up and Statement to JCOMM-5
JOINT WMO/IOC TECHNICAL COMMISSION FOR OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE METEOROLOGY
Marine Technical Conference (TECO) Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, 23 to 24 October 2017
JCOMM-5/TECO
TOWARD AN INTEGRATED METOCEAN MONITORING, FORECASTING AND SERVICE SYSTEM
from Monday 23 to Tuesday 24 October 2017
ABSTRACTS OF ORAL PRESENTATIONS
7
The Argo Program - Present and Future
Brechner Owens, Woods Hole Oceanograghic Institution, United States of America
The Argo Program has revolutionized large-scale physical oceanography through its contributions to basic research, national and international climate assessment, education, and ocean state estimation and forecasting. This article discusses the present status of Argo and enhancements that are underway. Extensions of the array into seasonally ice-covered regions and marginal seas as well as increased numbers of floats along the equator and around western boundary current extensions have been proposed. In addition, conventional Argo floats, with their 2,000 m sampling limit, currently observe only the upper half of the open ocean volume. Recent advances in profiling float technology and in the accuracy and stability of float-mounted conductivity-temperature-depth sensors make it practical to obtain measurements to 6,000 m. The Deep Argo array will help observe and constrain the global budgets of heat content, freshwater, and steric sea level, as well as the full-depth ocean circulation. Finally, another extension to the Argo Program is the addition of a diverse set of chemical sensors to profiling floats in order to build a Biogeochemical Argo array to understand the carbon cycle, the biological pump, and ocean acidification.
8
The U.S. Certified Mid-Atlantic Regional Metocean Network as a Testbed for GOOS
Glenn Scott, United States of America Rutgers University 71 Dudley Road New Brunswick, NJ Phone 9082082970 email [email protected]
and: Hugh Roarty, United States of America; Kohut Josh, United States of America
The Mid-Atlantic Regional Association Coastal Ocean Observing System (MARACOOS) is one of 11 Regional Associations within the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) that forms one of the core U.S. contributions to the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). MARACOOS was created in 2004 to define regional societal needs for enhanced metocean products and services. MARACOOS has operated a sustained metocean observation (satellites, HF Radar, underwater gliders, buoys, and weather stations), data management (OceansMap, THREDDS, ERDDAP) and prediction (ocean and atmosphere) system since 2006. This integrated network (a) has provided operationally proven HF Radar surface current data and forecasts to the U.S. Coast Guard since 2009, (b) has deployed underwater gliders for enhanced water quality monitoring since 2010, (c) used the integrated HF Radar and gliders to improve hurricane forecasting since 2011, (d) provided ocean-influenced weather forecasts for offshore wind development since 2012, and (e) used gliders and forecast models to open a new fishery in 2014. It was government-certified as a Regional Information Coordination Entity (RICE) in 2016.
Sharing of lessons learned and time-tested best practices is a MARACOOS priority as a member of GOOS. Keys to globalization include (a) evaluation of the ensemble of global ocean models and their capability to realistically portray the physically complex ocean mesoscale (b) using new technologies to enhance the observations required to support nested regional scale forecasting, and (c) training programs for new technologies and services. To enhance coastal observations in GOOS, MARACOOS is actively supporting the Global HF Radar network and the Global Ocean Gliders network. A component of this is the Challenger Glider Mission to circle the ocean basins and evaluate the ensemble of global models. Most recently, a Challenger underwater glider in the Indian Ocean performed a fly-by of Indonesia that included station keeping stops at RAMA.
9
A vision for in situ wave measurements for the next decade Val Swail, Canada Environment and Climate Change Canada 4905 Dufferin Street Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T4 Phone 1-416-739-4347 1-416-739-5700 email [email protected] and: Jensen Robert, United States of America; Turton Jon, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
OceanObs’09 (Swail et al., 2010) clearly identified the requirements for wave observations and outlined developments to satisfy those needs over the next decade. Considerable progress has been made in those efforts, particularly through the JCOMM Data Buoy Cooperation Panel and two Pilot Projects, on evaluation of wave measurements from moored buoys, and wave measurements from drifters. However, much of the assessment from the OceanObs’09 paper remains true, and there is still work to do. In situ wave observations are crucial for a wide range of applications, including wave model validation, wave forecast verification, satellite wave calibration and validation, air-sea interaction studies, and wave climate trend and variability. As noted in OceanObs’09, most wave measurements are from moored buoys, the majority along the coasts of Canada, US and western Europe. There is good coverage around the coast of Australia, but few wave measurements elsewhere in the Southern Hemisphere. This presentation will outline a vision for in situ wave measurements for the next 3-5 years, with an outlook beyond that for the next decade. This will include, in particular, continued development of wave measurements from drifters which offer the potential of global open ocean coverage, continued evaluation of wave measurements at the level of the “First-5” spectral wave measurements, and not just the standard integral parameters of wave height and period, addressing the serious issue of historical wave metadata, which has been described in many reviews as “abysmal”, and promote the establishment of a waves Global Data Assembly Centre (GDAC), as a single window for global quality-controlled wave measurements with accompanying metadata. It is proposed that this be coordinated through the newly created DBCP Task Team on Wave Measurements which will continue the oversight of the two existing wave Pilot Projects, as well as a broader cross-cutting view to waves within JCOMM.
10
The Global Drifter Program: Currents, Sea Surface Temperature, Atmospheric Pressure and Waves in the World’s Ocean
Luca Centurioni, United States of America Scripps Institution of Oceanography 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0213 La Jolla, California 92093 USA email [email protected] The NOAA-funded Global Drifter Program (GDP), a global array water following surface drifters constitutes the principal component of the Global Surface Drifting Buoy Array. Hourly measurements of essential climate variables including sea surface temperature (SST), horizontal 15 m depth currents and sea level atmospheric pressure (SLP) are disseminated in real-time through the Global Telecommunication System of the Worlds Weather Watch. The GDP array returns two orders of magnitude more SST data than the Argo array. The considerable positive impact of in-situ, high quality, SST drifter data on the calibration and validation of SST satellite products is reviewed. The GDP array also provides accurate SLP observations over the World’s ocean and in many places the drifters are the only source of in-situ SLP observations. Notable examples include the Southern Ocean and vast extensions of the three major oceans that are not systematically covered by commercial shipping routes. The large positive impact of drifter SLP observations on Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) is presented thorough some key results from a data denial study. Forecast Sensitivity to Observation Impact methods also reveal that, on a per-observation basis, SLP drifter data are one of the most important components of the entire observing system. A new drifter able to measure directional wave spectral properties that could dramatically the quality of wave forecasting models is also presented, along with other drifting buoys that measure sea-surface salinity, wind and subsurface temperature. As per WMO recommendations, every drifter in the global array should carry a barometer but, at present, only about 60% of the drifters satisfy this requirement. Several opportunities for GDP’s national and international collaborators to contribute to the drifter array through sensor upgrades, matching programs and deployment opportunities are discussed.
11
The State of Mooring Buoy Development at NOTC/SOA/CHINA Shao Yi, China National Ocean Technology Centre NO 219, JIEYUANXI ROAD, NANKAI DISTRICT, TIANJIN, CHINA Phone 086-022-27536680 086-022-27536681 email [email protected]
State Oceanic Administration (SOA) of China is an government administrative agency taking responsible for drafting ocean policy, laws and regulations, marine integrated management, marine environmental protection, marine public service and marine science and technology development, etc.
The National Ocean Technology Centre (NOTC) directly administrated by SOA, undertake the tasks of SOA to take management for national ocean technology, offer technical guarantee and support for national oceanic plan, administration, capability construction and public service. It is also responsible for the research and development of high and new oceanic technology in China.
An overview will be presented of the scientific & operational moorings undertaken by various academic & government institutions in the CHINA . In particular, the current state of buoy& mooring development at NOTC/SOA will be introduced.
A case study of a deep water air-sea interface moored surface data buoy system will be discussed in greater detail. Currently, the buoy with meteorology ,directional wave, Doppler ocean current profile, and CTD profile (using inductive modem technology) capabilities is being operating in the south China sea.
This presentation describes the design of the buoy system, including buoy structures, payload, sensor configurations, communication, power, etc. Some of the results from the field tests and its potential apply in the international project are presented and discussed.
12
The multi observations component of European Copernicus Marine and Environment Marine Service (CMEMS): a useful tool to monitor the ocean state and to assess the global observing
system (GOOS) Gilles Larnicol, France Collecte Localisation Satellite 11 rue hermes 31520 ramonville Saint Agne Email [email protected] and: Guinehut Stéphanie, France; Verbrugge Nathalie France; Mulet Sandrine, France
The multi observations component of CMEMS provides 3D Global fields of ocean state with temperature, salinity, height and geostrophic velocities (This system, known as ARMOR3D , is based on the combination of satellite (sea level and sea surface temperature) and in situ (T/S profiles) observations using statistical methods (Guinehut et al., 2012; Mulet et al., 2012). The method takes advantage of the strength of the two main components of the GOOS, namely, the sparse but accurate and 2D (vertical) in situ observations (ARGO,...) and the high resolution in space and time but integrated or surface satellite observations (altimetry , sea surface temperature,...).
The range of applications of this product and system that could be consider as a tool is wide. It starts with scientific studies to analyse mesoscale eddies characterictics as well as ocean climate variability. It also covers Observing Design Experiment (OSE) to propose assessment of performance and complementarily of the existing observing component and/or to propose implementation of new component of the Global Observing Systems mainly focusing on the complementarity between space and in situ component.
The presentation will describe the methodology and will give illustrations covering studies that have been already conducted to evaluate the ARGO network and in 2017, to assess the western Tropical Pacific as part of the TPOS2020 project (Tropical Pacific Observing System for 2020 Pacific). Furthermore, ARMOR3D also contributes to the annual CMEMS Ocean State Report.
13
JCOMMOPS Integrated Monitoring System Anthonin Lize, France JCOMMOPS Technopole / Campus Ifremer 1625 Route de Sainte Anne, Z.I. Pointe du Diable Blaise Pascal Hall 29280 PLOUZANE (FRANCE) Phone 33229005859 email [email protected] and: BELBEOCH Mathieu, France; RUSCIANO Emanuela,France; KRAMP Martin, France JCOMMOPS operates within the JCOMM Observation Programme Area and its Observation Coordination Group (OCG), and monitors the status and performance of the following global ocean observing networks: Argo, DBCP, SOT (ship-based observations), GO-SHIP, OceanSITES and GLOSS.
JCOMMOPS is a centralized information and technical support facility, required for coordinating and harmonizing practices of global programmes on a day to day basis, where operators officially register platforms and cruises’ metadata to.
One of the goals of the JCOMM OCG and JCOMMOPS is to provide an accurate and homogeneous status of individual and heterogeneous observing networks. JCOMMOPS then faces the challenge of gathering, adapting and analyzing input metadata sets from various sources while being able to deliver unified and accurate output products using core and shared pillars, such as common vocabularies.
Therefore, JCOMMOPS is releasing a new version of its information system, facilitating access to the observing networks’ metadata and enabling users to interact with the whole system through a brand new web experience and set of monitoring tools.
The interactive web-based monitoring application was designed to adapt to the wide spectrum of required perspectives and user needs. This web application is set in motion using a background architecture focusing on interoperable and open data access.
JCOMMOPS will provide a detailed review of its information system, including demonstration use cases of the web interface and available services, as well as future milestones and plans of continuous improvements.
14
Open Access to the GTS: A JCOMM Observations Coordination Group Pilot Project
Kevin O'Brien, United States of America University of Washington/JISAO - NOAA/PMEL 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle WA USA 98125 Email [email protected]
and: Isabel Ruiz Gil de la Serna Maria, Spain; Cardin Vanessa, Italy; Smith Bill, United States of America
The Open Access GTS pilot project was conceived to investigate ways of improving access to the Global Telecommunication System (GTS) for the distribution and access of near real-time oceanographic observation data. The project has been developed and supported by the JCOMM Observations Coordination Group (OCG) and involves several international partners. The goal of the pilot project is to prototype a workflow providing ocean data producers a simpler method of distributing near real-time data through the GTS infrastructure. In addition, since data is only useful if it is made available, providing ocean data consumers a simpler method of accessing the data was also a key motivation.
As technology improves and new observing platforms become a reality, there will be an associated increase in the need to distribute the observed data globally. Much of this data has its highest value in near real-time, especially to local and global forecasters. However, putting this data onto the GTS so that forecasters can access it is often quite a burden, especially to those platform managers that may not have a direct connection to their national weather service. In addition, GTS requirements that data are encoded in the BUFR format makes it technically unfeasible for many to provide data. Since experience with BUFR data is limited, the data format can also be a hindrance to those who want access to the data in near real-time.
Through this pilot project, we have implemented a workflow which simplifies the steps required for injecting data onto the GTS. In this presentation, we will describe the simplified workflow and discuss some of the historical barriers to GTS access. In addition, we will demonstrate how the pilot project has improved access to the near real-time data by providing it through standard, interoperable web services.
15
Progress on the JCOMM Marine Climate Data System (MCDS): Systematizing in situ marine data flow
Tim Boyer, United States of America NOAA NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) 1315 East-West Highway SSMC3 4th Floor Silver Spring, MD 20910USA Phone (301) 713-4856 email [email protected]
and: Hernan Garcia, United States of America; Freeman Eric, United States of America; Gallage Champika, Switzerland
The Marine Climate Data System (MCDS) is an effort by JCOMM to implement a documented system of data flow for marine meteorological and oceanographic data. At the entry level of the MCDS are Data Acquisition Centres (DACS) collecting data at the observing level. Following DACs are project and institutional repositories, called Global Data Assembly Centres (GDACs) that aggregate and provide further quality control data. The GDACs then provide data to the upper end of the data flow; a small group of Centres for Marine-Meteorological and Oceanographic Climate Data (CMOCs). Some CMOCs will aggregate measurements by a specific type of marine data. Other CMOCs will aggregate data from multiple sources for a more comprehensive collection (e.g. World Ocean Database, WOD). CMOCs will set up discovery and delivery of data and metadata in conjunction with the WMO Information System (WIS) and the IOC IODE Ocean Data Portal (ODP). The MCDS will help data collection programs understand where to submit data and where that data will flow from that submission point. Progress has been made toward implementing a robust MCDS. CMOC-China is working towards high level data discovery and delivery of surface drifting buoys. Work is needed to facilitate the flow from GDACs for drifting buoys to CMOC-China. WOD is proposed at JCOMM-5 meeting as a CMOC, and the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) is working toward a proposal as a marine meteorological data CMOC. There are obstacles still to address in the MCDS, such as reconciling the WMO and IOC definitions of GDACs and making the data discoverable to WIS and ODP. The 29th IOC Assembly session expressed its support to IODE for developing an Ocean Data and Information System (ODIS) concept paper leveraging existing efforts. This presentation will summarize progress so far and look to the near-future of the MCDS.
16
Emodnet Chemistry Platform To Address The Needs Of Wmo And UNESCO’S IOC Community: Use Cases
Alessandra Giorgetti, Italy
Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale – OGS Borgo Grotta Gigante, 42/C - 34010 Sgonico (TS) - Italy Phone 393204644653 390402140266 email [email protected]
and: EMODnet consortium
The availability and accessibility of quality-assured and harmonized data and reliable information is a key issue for metocean data management. The long-term EU initiative EMODnet (European Marine Observation and Data network) is engaged in collecting, facilitating access and promoting use and re-use of in-situ data for both scientific research and management of marine environmental. It started in 2009, was extended to all European seas in 2013, and it is now facing the high-resolution phase. EMODnet Chemistry covers one of the seven disciplinary themes with a focus on eutrophication and marine contaminants, recently expanded to marine litter. A major challenge has been to manage the heterogeneity, complexity and large volume of the gathered datasets and to process these into harmonized data products for all European sea regions. This has been solved by applying consolidated (SeaDataNet) standards, controlled vocabularies, tools and services for data and metadata populated by more than 60 data centres. Using a common methodology, harmonised, aggregated and validated regional data collections for nutrients, oxygen, chlorophyll, and contaminants have been produced for the 5 major European sea regions. As part of this process, a Data Validation loop has been introduced to identify and correct errors at their local sources. As a next step, spatially interpolated regional map products have been computed from the harmonized data collections. Depending on sufficient spatial and temporal data coverage for the regions, maps have been produced for: Dissolved Oxygen, Nitrate, Phosphate, Nitrate_plus_Nitrite, Silicate, Ammonium, Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus, Chlorophyll-a and pH. Contaminant data are visualized as harmonised timeseries. Dedicated OGC standard services for browsing, viewing and downloading chemistry source datasets and data products are developed, maintained and monitored. The coordination effort with the marine meteorological community undertaken under JCOMM initiative, guarantees enhanced capabilities to access interoperable data, achieved by combining the expertise and technological skills.
17
Diagnosis and Numerical Simulation of the Near-surface Wind Fields at Inexpressible Island in Ross Sea
Haipeng Yu, China The National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center (NMEFC) Of China 8 Dahuisi Road,Haidian District,Beijing Phone (86)13810382590 emil [email protected]
and: Hu Haibo, China
The meteorological factors at Inexpressible Island in Ross Sea, as China’s newly third perennial Antarctic Research Station candidate site, are described in this study. The data is from the automatic weather station built at Inexpressible Island in December 2013. The analysis from the data indicates that the area is dominated by Katabatic wind. The wind which speed over 10.8 m/s has the main direction of W-NW. The max wind speed is over 32.5m/s. The summer (January, February, November and December) of that place are four months have the smallest wind power and obvious daily variation in the year 2013. Further examination using the results from the Polar-WRF model simulation based on CFSR sea-ice data suggests that the physical characteristics of the winds related to the Katabatic wind could be well reflected. High resolution ratio has the better simulate result of the wind characteristics. Analysis found that the strong Katabatic wind at Inexpressible Island is the result of topographic forcing. The airflow from Glacier Reeves is the main source of the Katabatic wind. The horizontal distribution of strong winds is about 50 km. The steep hill between altitude 1400 meters to 300 meters is the key area to accelerate the air flow. Therefore, the simulated wind field can make a useful supplement to the observed data.
18
Development of Operational Marine Forecasting Systems in the North China Sea
Yaru Li, China
North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center, State Oceanic Administration of China No. 27 Yunling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China Phone +86 18561628627 email [email protected][email protected]
and: Cao Conghua, China; Huang Juan, China; Guo Jingtian, China
A comprehensive operational forecasting platform incorporating marine environmental forecasting and marine disaster forecasting and warning systems has been developed at North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center (NMFC), State Oceanic Administration of China. A variety of ocean and atmospheric numerical models have been adopted in the operational marine environmental forecasting system to produce meteorological, marine and oceanic predictions on a daily basis, including wind, atmospheric pressure, tides, currents, waves, and water temperature etc. These numerical forecasting products are circulated amongst relevant operational institutes for scientific and technical support. Certain products like wave heights are also released to the public. Marine disaster forecasting and warning systems are the other indispensable part of the forecasting platform. Considering the regional situations in the North China Sea, natural marine disasters like storm surges and sea ices are forecasted on a daily basis for precaution. Specialist numerical models have also been developed for marine emergency events like oil spills, search and rescue operations, bloom of green tides and etc. Forecasting products and warning messages are issued by NMFC to decision-making departments for the precaution and mitigation of marine disasters. A network of observing and monitoring systems built up in the North China Sea, which integrates land-sea-sky-space monitoring facilities and measures, serves well for the calibration and optimization of this forecasting platform. Detailed introduction of the numerical models adopted and developed in the forecasting platform will be presented in this paper.
19
Effect Of El Nino (1997-1998 And 2015-2016) To Three Rainfall Pattern In East Indonesia (Maluku Island )
Rion Suaib Salman, Indonesia
INDONESIA AGENCY OF METEOROLOGICAL, CLIMATOLOGICAL, AND GEOPHYSICAL (BMKG), STATION PATTIMURA AMBON Dr. J. Leimena Street, International Pattimura Airports of Ambon, Station Meteorology Pattimura Ambon Phone 81240596088 email [email protected][email protected]
and: Ayufitriya, Indonesia
Indonesia is located in the tropics, flanked by two continents of the continent of Asia and Australia, then flanked also by two oceans namely the Indian and Pacific oceans show that Indonesia has a state of the system that is quite unique kekuacaan. Thus these conditions allow for different patterns of rejection from one to the other. Indonesia itself, especially Indonesia bgain east (Maluku Islands) has three rainfall patterns ie monsoonal rain pattern, equatorial rain pattern and local rain pattern. These three patterns of rainfall is a pattern that is formed due to the location of Indonesia is quite strategic in the tropics. One of the significant impacts of the Pacific Ocean, has a great influence especially on the system of the Indonesian's legibility. One of the most prominent roles in the Pacific Ocean is the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). ENSO is a term used to describe the oscillations between the El Nino phase, the Normal phase and the La Nina phase. The El Nino event is associated with the emergence of warm ocean currents off the coast of South America and the continuing negative value of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). El Nino that occurred in 1997-1998 and 2015-2016 with moderate to strong intenstas, has had a significant impact on seasonal changes in general in Indonesia and particularly in the Maluku Islands area. The data used are rainfall data for the last 10 years from three meteorological stations representing three rainfall patterns namely Pattimura Ambon (local), Saumlaki (monsunal) and Banda (equatorial). Then by comparison method, the rainfall data is compared with rainfall at the time of El Nino incident 1997-1998 and 2015-2016. The results obtained that El Nino had a considerable impact in the reduction of rainfall and seasonal changes of the three rainfall patterns.
20
Ocean state monitoring and forecast by JMA
Ayako Takeuchi, Japan Japan Meteorological Agency 1-3-4 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8122, Japan Phone +81-3-3211-4966 +81-3-3211-2032 email [email protected]
and: Hirabara Mikitoshi, Japan; Higaki Masakazu, Japan; Sakurai Toshiyuki, Japan
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) provides information on the status of the ocean around Japan and in the western North Pacific as well as weather forecasts/warnings. Information on sea surface temperatures, sub-surface water temperatures and ocean currents are provided for the marine safety, transportation, fisheries and so on.
For the monitoring and forecasting of the ocean state, JMA operates an analysis/forecast system which covers the western North Pacific with 10km resolution (MOVE/MRI.COM-WNP). The MOVE/MRI.COM-WNP is composed of a three-dimensional variational ocean data assimilation system (MOVE-WNP 3DVAR) and an ocean forecast model (MRI.COM-WNP). The MOVE/MRI.COM-WNP generates information on sea water temperatures and ocean currents.
A new ocean analysis/forecast system (MOVE/MRI.COM-JPN), in which a high-resolution (2km) forecast model covers whole Japan coast (MRI.COM-JPN) and a four-dimensional variational assimilation system covers the North Pacific (MOVE-NP 4DVAR), will be put into operation in 2020. The MOVE/MRI.COM-JPN is expected to provide information on anomalous coastal sea levels around Japan as well as more precise sea water temperatures and ocean currents than the present system.
21
The CMCC global ocean forecast system (GOFS16) and relocatable regional downscaling
Doroteaciro Iovino, Italy Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici Via Franceschini 31, 40128 Bologna, Italy Phone +39 051 4151214 +39 051 4151463 email [email protected] and: Masina Simona, Italy; Ciliberti Stefania, Italy; Trotta Francesco, Italy
GOFS16 is the CMCC short-term predictions operational ocean forecasting system. Its horizontal resolution of 6.9km (1/16°) at the equator (~2km at high latitudes) with 98 unevenly-spaced vertical levels, makes it one of the few mesoscale resolving operational systems in the world. This forecast system is already used for several downstream applications, namely regional and coastal downscaling in several regions of the world ocean.
GOFS16 is based on an eddying global NEMO-LIM configuration (Iovino et al. 2016), and is coupled to a 3Dvar data assimilation methodology (Storto et al. 2015) to provide daily initialization fields. The system assimilates salinity and temperature profiles, sea surface temperature, along track sea surface height, and sea-ice concentration on a daily basis. The forecast system is forced with 3-hourly momentum, radiation, precipitation fluxes from the operational Global Forecast System (GFS) fields. GOFS16 runs once a day and produces a 6 days long forecast. Results include global sea surface height and three-dimensional temperature, salinity, velocity fields, and sea-ice properties. Assessment of predictive skills is carried out with all the available observations.
Downscaling in several regional and coastal areas is realized with a new tool, the Structured and Unstructured Relocatable ocean model for Forecasting (SURF, Trotta et al. 2016) based on NEMO, reaching resolutions of 1/64° and nested within the global operational model. SURF produces forecasts every day with best initial and boundary conditions from GOFS16.
An overview of the system is presented. Model results and diagnostics are discussed. Iovino et al.: A 1/16° eddying simulation of the global NEMO sea-ice–ocean system, Geosci. Model Dev., 2016. Storto et al.: Evaluation of the CMCC eddy-permitting global ocean physical reanalysis system (C-GLORS, 1982-2012) and its assimilation components, Q. J. R. Meteorolog. Soc., 2015.
Trotta et al.: Structured and Unstructured grid Relocatable ocean platform for Forecasting (SURF), Deep-Sea Res.II, 2016.
22
Enhancement of use of Bathymetric data across the globe
David Wyatt, Monaco International Hydrographic Organization Email [email protected]
The IHO will highlight the lack of bathymetric data across the globe, in particular in areas deeper than 200m away from major shipping lanes and in a number of coastal regions such as Africa, the Caribbean, the Southwest Pacific and the Polar regions. The presentation will provide examples and demonstrate the impact the addition of shallow water data has on the creation of seafloor models and maps. The IHO will highlight that bathymetry underpins and is the fundamental dataset for the various models used in Tsunami impacts, coastal inundation and oceanographic/meteorological/climate forecasting models. The presentation will highlight the projects and initiatives which the IHO has initiated to improve the situation (SDB, CSB and GEBCO Seabed2030) and their current states of progress and how the data is being made publically available.
23
Building a Maritime Weather Ready Nation
Thomas Cuff, United States of America Ocean Prediction Center NOAA National Weather Service National Centers for Environmental Prediction 5830 University Research Court College Park, Maryland 20740 USA" Email [email protected]
Nearly US$2 trillion worth of imports and exports are transported aboard 60,000 crgo ships through American seaports each year; over 11 million Americans board cruise ships from these ports annually. High winds, large waves, fog, thunderstorms, sea ice, freezing spray, and volcanic ash challenge mariners, threatening the safe transport of life and property at sea.
The Ocean Prediction Center (OPC), one of 9 centers comprising NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Prediction, provides marine weather forecasts and hazardous weather warnings for much of the northern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. OPC is a key contributor to the International Maritime Organization’s Global Maritime Distress and Safety System, transmitting forecasts and hazardous weather warnings via the World Meteorological Organization’s Marine Broadcast System.
This presentation will take a global look at OPC’s recently released strategy for “Achieving a Maritime Weather Ready Nation.” This strategy is guiding OPC’s evolution through 2021, within NOAA’s strategy for a Weather Ready Nation, by strengthening partnerships and enhancing decision support services. It highlights plans to expand our forecast horizon from the present 4 days to 14, collaborate more closely with other marine forecast centers, build closer relationships with private sector maritime weather providers, and better apply 21st century technology to improve dissemination.
The implementation of this strategy is relevant to other national marine forecasting services as well as JCOMM. Enhancements in the forecasting process are needed to identify threats in the near term while extending skillful forecast ranges over the high seas to a week and beyond. Forecasters and models alike would benefit from a higher density of in situ marine observations. Harmonizing all elements of marine observations and modelling, with common standards and improved dissemination to the maritime community, will create a global maritime weather enterprise that is more ready, responsive, and resilient to extreme weather events at sea.
24
An application of the WMO Service Delivery Framework and Quality Management initiative through the IMO/WMO Worldwide Met-Ocean Information and Warning Service
Neal Moodie, Australia
Bureau of Meteorology 700 Collins St Docklands, Victoria, Australia Phone 61396694768 email [email protected] and: Parker John, Canada
The IMO/WMO Worldwide Met-Ocean Information and Warning Service (WWMIWS) is the pre-eminent service delivery of globally coordinated Maritime Safety Information (MSI) for Shipping. The WWMIWS is coordinated across the worlds’ oceans through 21 defined areas, called METAREAs. Ships receive the MSI products via SafetyNet and Navtex communication systems, which form part of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS). The JCOMM Expert Team on Maritime Safety Services (ETMSS) has responsibility for coordinating the service and maintaining service standards to comply with intergovernmental conventions.
The ETMSS has successfully applied the WMO Service Delivery Framework to ensure that the WWMIWS continues to deliver essential services. The Framework which outlines six elements necessary for maintaining a service-oriented culture has been used by the ETMSS to enhance the role of the METAREA Coordinator and develop a community approach to improve resilience. Another aspect of the WMO’s strategy has been focused on Quality Management, and over the past 4 years, the ETMSS has embarked on a program to implement and embed the Quality Management principles into the operations of the WWMIWS. Ongoing programmes of user surveys, partnership consultation, and self-assessments have monitored the performance of the Quality Management System. Recent programmes of regular video coordination meetings, development of an Operations Manual to capture corporate knowledge, guidelines for backup arrangements, and establishment of the Marine Forecaster Competence Framework have ensured that management of the system continues to focus on sustainable and reliable service delivery.
The management of the WWMIWS using these frameworks has setup a system that can be scaled to include National Marine Services.
25
Coupling of Wave and Hydrodynamic Models for Predicting Coastal Inundation: A case study in Jakarta and Semarang
Andri Ramdhani, Indonesia BMKG Jalan Angkasa I No. 2 Kemayoran Jakarta Phone 6282134064945 622165867062email [email protected] and: Dava Amrina,, Indonesia; Riama Nelly, Indonesia; Pratama Bayu, Indonesia Coastal inundations are an increasing threat to the lives and livelihoods of people living in low-lying, highly-populated coastal areas. Especially for Indonesia as big population countries which two-thirds of the territory was ocean. Recorded sea level rise in the world increased by 3.2 mm per year and have an impact on coastal areas in Indonesia. Mainly for the northern coast of Java in Jakarta and Semarang area. Both of locations were consider due to high risk vulnerability to the impact of coastal inundation. The coastal inundation in Jakarta and Semarang mostly caused by combination of tides, wind waves, and river flooding associated with heavy rainfall. The purpose of the study is to apply coupled systems for wave-flow interaction for use in predicting coastal inundation along the coast of Jakarta and Semarang. The coupled SWAN and Delft3D-Flow is applied to simulate waves, surge and inundation during high tide periods in 2009 and 2016. The FNL (NCEP Final Analysis) is used for atmospheric forcing. Boundary conditions for these models are derived from the South China Sea (SCS) model for the surge and Wavewatch-III (WW3) for wave signal. Tidal components are also prescribed at the open boundaries of the model to obtain as accurately as possible forecast of total water level at Jakarta and Semarang to allow for proper flood forecast. The simulation results compare favorably with observed water level, quantified by the RMSE of 6.6 cm and 7.8 cm for Jakarta and Semarang domain respectively. The remaining challenges in further development is to refine the models resolution and to improve the bathymetry and DEM. This study was carried out in order to support the implementation of Coastal Inundation Forecasting Demonstration Project for Indonesia (CIFDP-I).
26
Unite in the First Mile to Reach the Last Mile- Coastal Inundation Forecasting Demonstration Project (CIFDP) in Bangladesh
Bapon Fakhruddin, New Zealand Tonkin and Taylor, New Zealand Email [email protected] and: Ahmed Shamsuddin, Bangladesh
Coastal zones are of major importance in Bangladesh due to their intrinsic environmental and socio-economic characteristics, mainly related with their high demographic densities and natural resources. The coastal area in Bangladesh is a global hotspot for tropical cyclones and other natural hazards. Tropical cyclones originated from the Bay of Bengal and hit the country’s coastal regions in the early summer i.e. during April–May or late rainy season from October–November. Cyclone early warning is a keyelement of disaster risk reduction in Bangladesh. It has long been recognized that if society could have advanced information on severe/extreme weather, the adverse effects associated with it could be minimized. With support from WMO, the Joint WMO-IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) and the WMO Commission for Hydrology (CHy), Bangladesh has implemented the ‘Coastal Inundation Forecasting Demonstration Project (CIFDP) to meet the challenges of coastal communities’ safety and socio-economic sustainability. The CIF model has been integrated with advance science and technology information obtained from responsible national / regional agencies, such as Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC), is used as the basis for cyclone forecasts, including regional/global ensembles atmospheric models (providing winds, pressures, and precipitation), inputs from large-scale ocean circulation and wind-wave models (providing information on large scale sea-surface height anomalies and on waves generated outside the region), a coastal inundation model (using information on wind wave and wind stress, tidal and large-scale sea-level anomaly), and hydrologic models to handle inflow into the coastal domain from rivers and understanding coastal inundation extents. The CIF is an operational model in Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) since 2014 and utilizes for every cyclone forecasting since then. BMD is currently ensures an impact based cyclone early warning system in Bangladesh to save lives and reduce damages of coastal population.
27
Progresses of Coastal Inundation Forecasting Demonstration Project Shanghai Sub-project
Zheqing Fang, China
Shanghai Meteorological Service No.166, Puxi Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China Phone 86-18918206191 email [email protected]
Shanghai is categorized as the alluvial plain of the Yangtze River Delta. With flat topography, dense population and growing economic activities, heavy rainfall and storm surge can severely aggravate cities’ inundation risk. Shanghai Meteorological Service has begun to improve its coastal inundation forecast capacity since 2013 and made many progresses in data collection, system development and warning delivery.
Cooperating with Shanghai Maritime Safety Administration, Shanghai Meteorological Service has developed basic dataset consists of meteorological, hydrological, oceanic information both in history and real-time, through rain gauge, buoy, hydrometric station, tidal station etc.
High resolution bathymetric data and historical tidal data have been used in wave model development. Shanghai Meteorological Service used Wavewatch III for simulating waves in the deep water and Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) for shallow water, the surge forecast are based on the Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM). It contains 16 tidal components and was operational run since July, 2014.
Under the framework of Shanghai Multi-Hazard Early Warning System, coastal inundation forecasting operational system has been developed as an interactive, impact-based information system that is capable of providing user-specific guidance in support of Shanghai Water Authority and Shanghai Emergency Response Center’s decision making for community flood prevention. In addition, 45 days inundation outlook are provided for Taihu Basin Authority of Ministry of Water Resources to support the water level management. Shanghai Meteorological Service has already investigated the inundation climatologies, from which the inundation risk mapping has been made.
Through two Typhoon events, Fitow (2013) and Nepartak (2016), Shanghai Meteorological Service has showed its working framework that get stakeholders, forecasters, and modelers to tackle the same problem together, collaboratively. However, there also need to improve Impact-based community warning delivery and the technology development of scenario uncertainty quantification.
28
WMO Caribbean Coastal Inundation and Forecast Demonstration Project (CIFDP-C) - status and way forward
The Caribbean sub-project was the first to have a kick-off meeting, in November 2011, in the Dominican Republic, as part of a proposed CIFDP project for that country. A DNA was signed by the departments involved. In the meantime, the scope of the project has changed, first to encompass Haiti as a Hispaniola sub-project.
The Dominican Republic and Haiti do not currently have storm surge and coastal inundation planning and preparedness products available to aid in emergency management. This is also true for other Caribbean Members. It is imperative that such tools are made available, and this demonstration project aims to fulfill this void by implementing and evaluating this in an efficient and technically feasible manner. While this project will focus on providing storm surge planning tools, it will lay the foundation for future implementation of an operational forecast and warning system. This project will also enable the first step, a demonstration project, toward the development of a regional approach to storm surge modeling and forecasting for the WMO RA-IV region.
The ongoing WMO Caribbean Coastal Inundation and Forecast Demonstration Project (CIFDP-C) in Hispaniola will provide the essential framework and support to establish new hydrodynamic forecasting activities within Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The project duration is set for three years to allow for long term sustainability and to be firmly embedded into the functioning of the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (CNM and SNRE) of Haiti and the Dominican Republic, and it is envisioned to link with other WMO initiatives once completed.
A proposal for funding has been accepted by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the National Hurricane Center (NHC) is the designated system developer in the Caribbean. This funded proposal supports a wider scope for an initial project for the Hispaniola Island with a pilot phase in the Dominican Republic.
29
Coastal Inundation Forecasting Demonstration Project (CIFDP) for Fiji
Jens Kruger, Fiji Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) Geoscience Division Suva, Fiji Islands email [email protected] and: Kumar Ravind, Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS), Nadi, Fiji Islands.
The objective of the WMO Coastal Inundation Forecasting Demonstration Project (CIFDP) is to help countries with issues of coastal inundation from oceanographic and/or hydrological phenomena, resulting from severe hydro-meteorological events, and to operate and maintain a reliable forecasting system that helps the national decision-making for coastal management. The specific objective of the Fiji sub-project is to facilitate the development of efficient forecasting and warning systems for coastal inundation based on robust science and observations. The Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) is working in partnership with the Pacific Community (SPC) as the systems developer. The technical implementation phase commenced in April 2017 with an initial focus on ocean surface swell waves as a coastal hazard. Future phases will include storm surge from tropical cyclones as well as river flooding. The project is currently testing an operational wave model for the southern coastline of Fiji’s largest island of Viti Levu. This 80km stretch of coastline is vulnerable to marine inundation from distant swell originating in the southern ocean. The system then relies on a pre-computed database of 800,000 probable scenarios including parameters of wave height, wave period, wave direction and total water level. 300 representative cases are then selected using a maximum dissimilarity algorithm. These cases are then run using the XBeach model to compute maximum water levels for a particular location at the coastline. Finally, a radial basis function is used during an extreme event, triggered by thresholds delivered by the wave model, to reconstruct mean and maximum water levels at the beach. This approach relies on a pre-computed look-up database which is deemed to be an effective and sustainable solution for the FMS.
30
Climate-Ocean Variability and Fisheries and Coastal Response in Indonesian waters
Jonson Lumban-Gaol, Indonesia Department of Marine Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University Kampus FPIK IPB Darmaga, Bogor Phone 622518623644 email [email protected]
Indonesia is one the largest archipelagic countries in the world. It consists of more than 13,000 islands with a total coastline length exceeding of 90,000 km. Indonesian waters have large spatial and temporal variations of sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl_a) and sea level (SL) rise. The SST, Chl-a and SL pattern is heavily influenced by the monsoon winds, ENSO and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). In the past two decades, the Indonesian sea region has experienced rising sea levels at rates higher than the global mean. In general, the SST at various locations in Indonesian waters over the last two decades shows a clear tendency to increase. In opposite to SST, the pattern of Chl-a decreases during the same time period, except in the south of Java sea (JS), the Bali Strait (BS) and Arafura Seas where intensified upwelling was evident. A significant decrease in fish production in the JS region is recorded. Satellite data sets over this period also show a downward trend in the Chl-a and an upward trend in SST. In contrast to the JS area, Sardine production in upwelling region of the BS increases over the past 15 years. Satellite-based observations also show an increasing trend in Chl-a in the BS. Sea level in Indonesian Seas has increased by 3–8 mm per year. It may contribute to a loss of arable land through inundation. In coastal areas, the sea level rise will increase the effect of the seasonal high tides, causing the lowest lying land to be immersed in water. Variations in oceanographic conditions due to climate change significantly affect the potential of fishery resources and coastal area in Indonesia. Therefore time series data of oceanographic parameters are of great value to monitor the oceanographic conditions and can be used as indicators for a sound management of the risks associated with climate-ocean variability and as input to decisions makers for adaptation responses.
31
Evolution of Sea Temperature Anomalies in Nino 3.4 region into Indonesia Rainfall Anomalies during El Nino Event 2015/2016
Adi Ripaldi, Indonesia BMKG Jl.Angkasa 1 no 2 Jakarta Phone +62 81311168130 +62 4246703 email [email protected]
and: Apandi Dodi, Indonesia; Aldrian Edvin, Indonesia; Muharsyah Robi, Indonesia
Evolution of sea temperature anomalies in the Central Pacific Ocean region as indicator of an El Niño / La Niña phenomenon do not occur suddenly, therefore the changing process of sea surface and sub surface temperature take places in stages which is possible to form patterns of sea temperature changing. Based on the monitoring of the Climate Prediction Center-National Centers for Environmental Prediction (CPC-NCEP NOAA), there has been recorded that the El Niño phenomena of 1957/1958, 1965/1966, 1972/1973, 1982/1983, 1987/1988, 1997/1998 and 2015-2016 were categorized as Strong El Niño. This research attempts compare the degree of intensity, duration and impact of the El Nino events in 1982-1983, 1987-1988, 1997-1999, 1999-2000, 2015-2016 by analyzing sea surface and sub surface temperatures also zonal winds on the Pacific Ocean as well as maritime sea surface temperatures and rainfall anomalies of Indonesia. The results showed that the 2015-2016 El Niño was the strongest and longest El Niño event with the sea surface temperature anomaly of Nino 3.4 region was reaching 2,33 ºC and the duration of the El Niño was 14 months. Even though 2015/2016 is the strongest El nino but In term of impacts, the 1997-1998 El Niño has a wider effect on the reduction of rainfall in Indonesia. Furthermore, the sea surface temperature of Indonesian region during the 2015-2016 show a warmer temperature conditions, thus reducing impacts of El Niño 2015/2016 due to water vapor supply from evaporation processes that forms convective and rainfall in some areas over Indonesia region.
32
Role of Indonesian Throughflow on Indian Ocean Dipole- A remote sensing perspective
Benny Peter, India Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies Academic Co-ordinator Department of Physical Oceanography Panangad, Kerala India 682506 Phone 91 9446139520 email [email protected]
Indonesian Throughflow has been recieved much attention during the last couple of decades as it is linking two major oceans and greatly influencing the oceanic and atmospheric processes. The present study analyses the interannual variability of surface circulation of tropical south Indian Ocean, especilly the chnages associated with the Dipole events combining remote sensing and satellite observations. In addition, the Chlorophyll distribution also examined and identified its interannual variations along with the flow pattern. High resoultion Eulerian mean velocity field had been derived by combining the available satellite tracked surface drifter data with satellite altimetry and ocean surface winds. The drifter data used in this study includes Argos and surface drifter data from Global Drifter Program. Maps of Sea Level Anomaly (MSLA) weekly files with a resolution of 1/3° in both Latitude and Longitude for the period 1993-2012 had been used. The weekly ocean surface mean wind fields derived from the scatterometers onboard ERS 1 / 2, Quikscat and ASCAT had been employed to estimate the wind driven component. The SeaWifs Chlorophyll–a observations during 1997-2007 were used to understand the productivity.
The estimated high resolution time series velocity fields reveal the seasonal as well as the inter-annual variations of south Indian Ocean circulation. Large spatial and temporal variability is found in South Equatorial Current and eastward Equatorial counter flow. The mesoscale eddy activity at Mozambique Channel and in the Indonesian throughflow region is significantly controlled by the variations in the zonal flow pattern. The Chlorophyll-a concentration is much determined by the advection through the zonal currents and eddy processes. The heat and salt advection along the Indonesian throughflow is significantly influencing the Dipole events of the Indian Ocean.
33
Development of Marine Risk Information for Safety Traditional Sailing on Cenderawasih Bay, Eastern Maritime Continent
Furqon Alfahmi, Indonesia
The Indonesian Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics Jl Angkasa I No 2 Kemayoran Jakarta Pusat 10720, Indonesia Phone +62 (0) 21 424 6321 ext : 4505 email [email protected]
Traditional fishermen in the Indonesian maritime continent have low adaptive capacity and very sensitive to climate change and weather variability. Their livelihood depends on the weather conditions that occur in the middle of the sea. Weather forecast information is the key to deciding whether to sail or not. The two of the most noticeable weather phenomena is heavy rainfall and wave height. This information usually be published every six hours byBMKG. However, due to the limitations of networks and communication tools , those information is often not up to the user. Marine Risk Information is risk index that gather inform potential heavy rainfall and potential high sea base on climate data to be one index. Marine risk information can be used as a sailing guide as it is provided based on seasonal variations and diurnal variations. Our marine risk analysis shows that potential heavy rainfall on Cendrawasih Bay is higher than adjacent sea dan frequently occurred at night time. Peak of rainfall occurs at 03.00 LT and area around 134.8E 2.6S has high marine index. Land breeze convergence is supposed a trigger night convection more active at this location . The movement of rainfall reaches 5 m/s and static at middle of sea. Diurnal variation of wave is very small due to small islands in front of Cenderawasih Bay that break wave from Pacific Oceans
34
Effect of Sea Waves and Ekman Transport Against the Pattern of Conventional Growth System in West Java Coast
Khafid Rizki Pratama, Indonesia Indonesian State College of Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics Perhubungan Street I No 5, Pondok Betung, Pondok Aren, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15221 Phone 85714797633 email [email protected]
and: Jeniawati Rilly, Indonesia
The study of convective growth in coastal areas is necessary to know the potential of convective clouds with influence on ocean waves and the effects of Ekman's transport on the ocean. Sea waves caused by the wind friction on the surface of the sea water causes a pattern of changes in the convective system that is formed. The effect on the ekman transport is dominant throughout the oceans and oceans. In this study aims to examine the effect that occurs on the pattern of sea waves and transport ekman to the convective growth system formed in the coastal area of West Java. The study was conducted in September 2015 which was the incident of El Nino and in June 2016 which was the incident of La Nina. Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) data are vertically used to identify indications of dynamics of spiral patterns occurring on the coast of West Java with a maximum depth of 500 meters. The formation of the eclipse spiral pattern is very dominant in the El Nino incident to the upwelling profile causing the sea surface to cool down so that a little growth of clouds on the coast. In the case of La Nina, the growth of coastal clouds is very high because of the divergence of downwelling profile causing warm contours at sea level to a depth profile of 50 meters.
JOINT WMO/IOC TECHNICAL COMMISSION FOR OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE METEOROLOGY
Marine Technical Conference (TECO) Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, 23 to 24 October 2017
JCOMM-5/TECO
TOWARD AN INTEGRATED METOCEAN MONITORING, FORECASTING AND SERVICE SYSTEM
from Monday 23 to Tuesday 24 October 2017
ABSTRACTS OF POSTER PRESENTATIONS
36
The Effect Of Climate Variability To Indonesia Throughflow (Itf) Transport
Achmad Raflie Pahlevi, Indonesia
Indonesian Agency of Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) Yos Sudarso Street No.64 Way Lunik, Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia Phone +62 81289693679 email [email protected]
Indonesia Throughflow (ITF) is the only path in equatorial which connect the two ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. ITF is a key interocean component of global ocean warm route. ITF transport warm and fresh water from Pacific to Indian Ocean. Data used in this research is sea surface temperature (SST) data from Terra-Aqua Satellite and altimetry data from AVISO. ITF water transfer depend on climate variability, such as El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). During El Nino solo event, ITF inflow passage of Makassar Strait become cooler and ITF outflow passage of Lombok Strait, Ombai Strait, and Timor Passage become hotter. ITF transport during this event is weaker. In Contrast, during El Nino and positive IOD, ITF transport is stronger than during solo El Nino. During El Nino and positive IOD events, inflow passage of Makassar Strait become cooler and ITF outflow passage of Lombok Strait, Ombai Strait, and Timor Passage become cooler. This also happen during La Nina and negative IOD. SST affect magnitude of ITF water transport. Greater SST differences between ITF flow and outflow passage make stronger ITF transport vice versa.
Verification Of Wavewatch-Iii Wave Model Outputs With Observation Data And Altimetry Satellite In The West Sumatera Sea
Agung Angga I Gusti, Indonesia
Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi Dan Geofisika Br. Dinas Tebola, Desa Sidemen, Kabupaten Karangasem, BALI Phone 85711059722,00 email [email protected]
and: Carnegie M. Devid, Indonesia
The long-term and short-term information of the sea level is needed in shipping activities especially in the ocean of the west Sumatra sea, which is one of the shipping lanes that are important in Indonesia. Shipping activities are very dependent on the conditions of the height of ocean waves, with the vast development in today’s era, the information of the sea level can be obtained using models, the use of Wavewatch-III model will serve as a forecaster’s reference in making forecasts of wind and steeper waves in the waters of Indonesia, the purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of the Wavewatch-III model in forecasting sea level in the west Sumatra sea and the results of these outputs were verified using observation data and satellite altimetry using three method verification, The result showed that with a range the values of the bias -0,06-0,36, the correlation coefficient 0,65-0,78 and RMSE 0,15-0,40 on both research point.
Fixed and Drifting Buoys around the National Spanish Waters
Alicia Lavin, Spain
Instituto Español de Oceanografia Promontorio San Martin, S/N 39005 SANTANDER SPAIN Phone +34 942 291716 +34 942 275072 email [email protected]
and: Tel Elena, Spain; Alvarez Enrique, Spain; Tintore Joaquin, Spain
Improving the knowledge of the ocean and seas surrounding the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic and Canary islands is an objective of the Spanish oceanography. For that purpose, a number of fixed and drifting floats have been established in the last 25 years. Data buoys measure sea surface temperature and salinity, ocean current velocity, air temperature, humidity, wave characteristic and wind velocity across seas and ocean. The objective is increase the quantity, quality, coverage and timeliness of atmospheric and oceanographic data. These observations are used immediately to improve forecast and therefore increase marine safety.
The main group of fixed buoys is formed by the Puertos del Estado deep and shallow buoy networks, but a series of well instrumented new platforms has been established in later times. The RAIA Project (Xunta de Galicia), PLOCAN, SOCIB, IEO, Euskalmet-AZTI, ICM and UTM (CSIC) and University and Polytechnic of Barcelona have completed the Observing System. Most of the buoys are transmitting data by GTS for using in atmospheric and ocean prediction models.
Multidisciplinary sensors as Dissolved Oxygen, Fluorescence Chlorophyll or pCO2 has been mounted in the buoys and calibration/validation procedures has been developed for improve data quality. Antifouling systems recently developed have also been included and quality of the optical sensors measurements has improved.
Drifting floats has increase its number and importance, from Argo floats to traditional deriving ones improving the Spanish contribution to IOC and WWO and JCOMM. Spain is member of EuroArgo ERIC. SOCIB and IEO are the main contributors. Also multidisciplinary work has been done associated to Argo buoys. BGQ ARGO incorporate O2 sensor.
ICM, SMOS Barcelona Expert Center, and SOCIB are the main contributors to the drifting buoys group. Main objectives are improving Technological development as well as data management. Tropical and Southern Atlantic Ocean are the main studying areas.
Portugal HF Radar Ocean Observing Facility: Present state of
development& R+D in the European Marine Safety Framework
Andres Alonso-Martirena, Spain QUALITAS / CODAR Europe MadanParque, Rua dos Inventores,2825-182 Caparica, Portugal Phone 351918991777 351210438601 Email andres.alonso [email protected] and: Agosinho Pedro, Portugal; Mesquita Onofre José Alberto, Portugal; Santos Fernandes Carlos, Portugal Monitoring the surface currents and waves around our coasts is essential to support marine services such as search and rescue, pollution response, safety to infrastructure operation and navigation, storm surge and tsunami early warning, coastal engineering, ecosystem decision support, water quality management, etc. Coastal High Frequency Radar (HFR) is providing real-time high quality information on ocean surface currents based on compact stations located along the coast and there are high expectations that also a reliable real-time waves measurements, storm surge and tsunami detection capability is integrated into next generation marine safety systems. There is in fact a coordinated effort underway to develop European HF radar capabilities and integrate them as operational components of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS).
The history of Portugal is intimately bound to the seas. Portugal has sovereignty and jurisdiction over a maritime area of around 1.720.560 square kilometers, more than 10% of its GDP is connected to the seas and approximately 53 % of the EU´s foreign commerce passes through its waters. “The need of acting in order to assure its adequate use, is particularly relevant to a country whose maritime spaces have such an extraordinary extension.”(3) As part of the national strategy, the Portuguese Instituto Hidrográfico www.hidrografico.pt has the responsibility to develop an advanced national operational oceanography system which includes among its essential resources an HF radar infrastructure that has at present 5 stations along the continent. Separately from the Instituto Hidrografico HF radar network, the Observatório Oceânico da Madeira http://oom.arditi.pt is deploying two stations in Madeira Archipelago.
In this communication we will present the HF radar network as is today and also the downstream services development plan, which targets to further improve the early tsunami detection and alerting and a high-quality waves measurements capability with support of Europe INTERREG Projects OCASO and MyCoast. Also, the establishment of a new high-accuracy pollution, debris and particle tracking capability that shall combine satellite information, real-time in-situ and HF radar observations and innovative data fusion and forecasting methods.
40
Role Of Costal Ecosystem In Sustainable Development Of India
Anil Kurhe, India
Pravara Rural Education Societys, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Satral A/P. Satral, tal Rahuri, dist Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India Phone +91-2426275764 +91-2426275763 email [email protected]
and: Dongare Sangeeta, India
Coastal and marine ecosystems play a complex and vital role in supporting economic prosperity and social welfare in developing countries. Molluscs is includes a seemingly infinite variety of forms in their evolution makes one of the largest and most important phyla. India has a great diversity of molluscs which plays important roles in sustaining ecosystem. Coastal ecosystem is a natural habitat for species which generates livelihood. The Maharashtra State has productive coastal creeks, muddy bays, rocky inshore, estuaries and backwaters which produces excellent molluscs and offers an attractive field for fisheries enterprise. It has as economic importance in the region but habitat deterioration and overexploitation threaten this natural resource. The profit maximizing economic activities in and around coastal zones under open access regime not only results in extinction of species but hazardous waste contaminants percent enters in to marine food chain and causes irreversible damage to the biodiversity. Thus, the activities impose social costs in terms of biodiversity loss, livelihood loss and human health risks. The status of the marine biodiversity and its conservation may be challenged in future by increased these activities and the ecosystems and habitats may come under threat. In this study biodiversity, conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity is explored where the ecosystem approach has been developed. Particularly challenging is to implement the ecosystem approach within the maritime jurisdiction of India. Although still a wilderness, state practice indicates that implementation will not be any easier on the Indian coast and that it will not become a laboratory for new legal regimes. Most likely sectoral regulatory regimes will be extended or developed as different threats materialize. One of the main challenges will be to ensure proper coordination between these to apply the ecosystem approach. With the recognition of the importance of molluscan diversity this study is gaining importance.
41
Quantitative Assessment Of Vulnerability In Aquaculture: Climate Change Impacts On Shrimp Farming In East Java Province
Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) commodities has a high economic value and a huge market demand. Changes in temperature and precipitation seems to be the most significant factors environmental/climatic that effect shrimp aquaculture production. The objective of this thesis is to understand of climatic factors influence on the whiteleg shrimp farming sector in Indonesia based on CMIP5 models (IPSL-CM5A-MR model selected) and to understand adaptability of whiteleg shrimp to climate change on vulnerable area. The projection of IPSL-CM5A-MR model (2018 - 2042) includes four Representative Concentration Pathway (RCPs) scenarios, encompassing RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, and RCP 8.5. These vulnerable map were created by overlaying the exposure and sensitivity map in various time scales (2020, 2040 and average time 2018 – 2042), these exposure maps indicate precipitation and temperature (maximum temperature and minimum temperature). The sensitivity maps indicates production of shrimp. The results on various time scales showed that Banyuwangi District was the most vulnerable area in East Java Province. Furthermore, analysis supported by collected of information as adaptive capacity from farmers by using questioner (total 25 respondents were interviewed). The questionary has analyzed descriptively. 92% of the respondents were aware of climate change. The respondents revealed that increased on rainfall (34%) and decreased of temperature (29%) had negative impacts on shrimp production. Decrease in production influenced by disease and climate factors, in rainy seasons the disease more frequently.
42
Candidate Operational Ocean Forecasting for the East African Sea
Balla Maggero, Kenya Oceano.& Marine Division - Kenya Meteorological Services 30259 00100 Ngong' Road Dagorretti Corner, Nairobi Kenya Phone +254 705 821 820 email [email protected] The Marine Forecast Office at the Kenya Meteorological Services provides the National and regional infrastructure, science, and technical expertise to collect and distribute observations and predictions of sea state and ocean dynamics to ensure safe, efficient and environmentally sound maritime activities. Through a research and international collaboration, we are developing our own prototype COFS (Coastal Ocean Forecasting System) system that is being tested for operational purpose. Through a two year research, we would like to transform our regional ocean forecasting system into fully-fledged functional systems for maritime prediction. The COFS will have mechanisms for short-range coupled prediction (SRCP), for validation of predictions, and for testing and implementation of upgrades to the surface and space-borne observation systems that may include acoustic measurements in future.
One important component of COFS is the hybrid Ensemble Kalman-Particle filter for assimilating Lagrangian data into ocean models. The two prime tasks on Lagrangian data assimilation are; the strong nonlinearity of Lagrangian pathways by drifters and the model high dimensionality. Due to the chaotic nature of a drifter’s movement, representing its path by many particles permits precise approximation of prior distributions that arise due to a drifter movement at saddle point in the middle of observations. Thus, the forecast for this hybrid filter is promising.
Adequately, the COFS should be able to monitor, predict and disseminate about the coastal ocean state and thus cover a wide range of coastal process. These include mesoscale and sub-mesoscale shelf break exchanges, shelf dynamics, convectivity, slope currents, storm surges, tides, internal tides, surface waves, swell upwelling, material transport, estuarine processes, river plumes, and topographic controls. This article presents System Concept and Architecture of the Bridged Ensemble Kalman-Particle Filter and preliminary results in a twin experiment over the East African Sea in the West Indian Ocean.
43
Marine contributions to multi-hazard early warning systems for climate resilience and adaptation
Brittany Croll, United States of America National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1315 East-West Hwy, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910 Phone (301) 734-1098 [email protected]
and: Shelby Brunner, United States of America; Marra John, United States of America; Legler David, United States of America; Hill Katherine Switzerland;
Strengthening marine-related climate products and services, including those that support climate-early warning, will enable communities to better respond to extreme weather and climate events. There is an increasing recognition of the major role that the ocean plays in global and regional climate. This is driving demand for marine observing and modeling information for monitoring changes in the climate system, advancing and enabling predictions, and identifying changes in the earth system (e.g., marine ecosystems, sea level, sea-ice extent, ocean health, living marine resources, and weather and climate extremes such as droughts, flooding, and tropical cyclones). This presentation will provide concrete examples of regional and national products and services that integrates marine observations and modeling to inform multi-sector policy and decision-making across various time scales. Examples will include environmental phenomena such as El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO), coastal impacts such as coastal inundation and sea level rise, and tailored products such as harmful algal bloom and coral bleaching warnings. This presentation will also highlight the current and potential role of JCOMM in strengthening the link between marine observations, modeling, applications, products and services development with climate service implementation initiatives, such as the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS), and capabilities such as the WMO Regional Climate Centers, as well relevant disaster risk reduction and adaptation efforts, including the Sendai Framework.
44
The Influence EL NINO And LA NINA Phenomenon Of Wave Height At Java Sea
Cahya Swastika Populasi, Indonesia BMKG (BADAN METEOROLOGI, KLIMATOLOGI, DAN GEOFISIKA) KLAS 1 HASANUDDIN MAKASSAR JLN BANDARA BARU SULTAN HASANUDDIN MAKASSAR. KODE POS : 90552. PROVINSI : SULAWESI SELATAN Phone (0411) 553018-553019(0411) 553087 email [email protected]
The ocean waves is a very important parameter because it affects the security and safety of various activities on the sea, shipping activities, fishing, exploration (oil and gas, communication lines seabed), activities of SAR (search and rescue) and tourist activity. The physical dynamics of these waters influenced by oceanographic phenomena such as El Nino and La Nina. The object of this study to determine the effect of the El Nino and La Nina phenomenon anomalously high sea waves in the waters of the northern region of Java (Java Sea). Observations of sea waves can be done directly or via satellite altimetry. High sea waves in this study is based on observations of altimetry satellite imagery in the form of a data grid with 0.75° Χ 0.75° resolution. Analyzing method of comparison with the El Nino and La Nina phenomenon in affecting the condition of waters in the study site focused on the conditions of anomalously high sea waves. Making an average height of sea waves in the study area to use as a reference or anomalous changes in ocean waves caused by the El Nino and La Nina phenomenon.Research sites in the Java Sea on 2°N - 10°S and 106°W 116°E. Use data series for one year from January 1, 1991 until September 31, 2016. Indicate the result that there are anomalies in ocean waves in November-December (2015) and Januari-Februari (2016), the month in which occurred El Nino and La Nina phenomenon.
45
Automatic Identification System (AIS) data of LAPAN A2/A3 Satellite for the identification and monitoring of foreign fishing vessels to Indonesia's territorial sea period Jan 2016 - May 2017
Darma Yudha Gusti, Indonesia
Remote Sensing Technology and Data Center Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) Jl. Lapan No.70, RT.7/RW.9, Pekayon, Ps. Rebo, Kota Jakarta Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13710, Indonesia Phone +62 21 8710786 +62 21 8717715 email [email protected]
and: Syaiful Muflichin Purnama, Indonesia
Indonesia is known worldwide as an archipelagic country (archipelagic country) with a vast territory and a country consisting of many islands. The length of the coastline reaches about 81,000 km2, so Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world with two thirds of its territory consisting of oceans. Nawa Cita program out of President Joko Widodo one of which makes Indonesia into a maritime axis in the world. One of the efforts that needs to be done is to improve the economy and accelerate the development of the marine sector.
With this policy, the security of marine and marine resource management is very important. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and continental foundation are vital areas that need to be guarded and guaranteed for the sake of maritime sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia.
To achieve maritime sovereignty, it needs to be supported with technological advancement. LAPAN creates a LAPAN A2 / A3 satellite which has Automatic Identification System (AIS) sensor to provide timing, position, ship name, and ship type information. With this AIS sensor can monitor and identify a ship that violates the territorial boundaries of the sea or through the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the Republic of Indonesia.
This study utilizes AIS data from Satellite LAPAN A2 / A3 to monitor and identify vessels suspected of committing offshore maritime violations or entering the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) illegally.
46
Towards improved drifter SST: a collaboration between the satellite
community and the Data Buoy Co-operation Panel
David Meldrum, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Scottish Association for Marine Science Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory Oban PA37 1QA Scotland - UK Email [email protected]
and: Turton Jon, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Donlon Craig, Netherlands; O'Carroll Anne, Germany
The satellite community has for many years relied on the free availability of drifter Sea Surface Temperature (SST) observations for the validation of its SST retrievals. Unfortunately the implementation and funding of drifter SST has until now been focused on meeting the needs of the numerical weather prediction and climate study centres, and not the space community. As a result, drifter SST falls short of the expectations and desires of that community in many ways, including accuracy, resolution, geolocation and the availability of metadata.
Collaboration between the Group for High Resolution SST (GHRSST) and the Data Buoy Co-operation Panel (DBCP) is addressing these shortcomings in a number of ways, and has been augmented by specific funded actions within ESA and EUMETSAT. This paper will concentrate on the outcomes to date of an ESA-funded activity to better define the traceability of the current and historical drifter SST record, and to achieve wide consensus on best practice for the future. In particular the paper will review the outcomes of the drifter SST workshop held at the Scripps Institution for Oceanography in October 2016 and will describe a new initiative by EUMETSAT to further explore the development of enhanced drifter capability for SST. Finally, the paper will discuss how this collaboration between the in situ and satellite communities might be extended to encompass other essential ocean variables.
47
Wind velocity in the Red Sea: result of comparisons between Scattrometer and Governmental ship data
The Red Sea is an important corridor for energy transportation. These new economical developments are leading to increase sea traffic and request the possibility of better prediction systems for the wave conditions especially concerning the near shore areas in the neighbour of the major ports. The Red Sea lies in a narrow, elongate drift valley between Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, approximately 2000 km long but averaging less than 300 km wide.
Red sea are poor with data specially in our region, so the deceiving of simple data is very interesting challenges for wind modeling, not easily, if ever, found elsewhere.
This study explores statistical analysis of the general and unusual wind pattern over the red sea using comparisons between Data from governmental ship and satellite data.
The outher obtain the best results using the surface wind from the global European center for medium range weather forecast model comparing with observation data from satellite and ship.
48
Offshore Metocean Observations For The Enhancement Of Data Quality And Maritime Information
Fajar Setiawan, Indonesia
BMKG (Indonesia Meteorological Climatological and Geophysics Agency) "Kalimas Baru, st. 97B, Surabaya, East Java. Indonesia, 60165 Phone +62852-3133-5233 email [email protected]
Improvement of economy and technology can’t be separated by the role of sea as connector and natural resources for the welfare of the nation, so that offshore metocean information is absolutely indispensable for various activities on sea. One of the most important metocean information is a wave height information, but until now the observation that provide real information for this hasn’t been held optimally. Most of wave height information products that available are modelling product that still need to be verified. The existence of weather buoy which gives so many advantages on metocean information has not been able to observe the offshore wave height while there are many offshore platforms that is able to be used to provide wave height data observations. By using the same principle in radar tide gauge, the observation data of wave heights and tides can be obtained. These real observation data can be used for many researches purposes and verificator of modelling metocean information.
49
The Mediterranean Sea Monitoring and Forecasting Centre in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service
Giovanni Coppini, Italy Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici Via Augusto Imperatore 16, 73100Italy Phone 3923857919 email [email protected] and: Korres Gerasimos, Greece; Solidoro Cosimo, Italy; Clementi Emanuela, Italy
The Mediterranean Monitoring and Forecasting Centre (Med-MFC) is one of the regional production centres of the EU Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service. Med-MFC is operated by CMCC Foundation (Italy), INGV (Italy), OGS (Italy) and HCMR (Greece). Med-MFC operatively manages a suite of numerical model systems that provide gridded datasets of physical and biogeochemical variables for the Mediterranean Sea with a horizontal resolution of 1/16° (about 6.25 km), increasing to 1/24° in October 2017.
The physical component of the Med-MFC is provided by a coupled hydrodynamic-wave modelling system assimilating temperature and salinity vertical profiles and along track satellite Sea Level Anomaly. It operationally provides daily updates of the physical state and dynamics of the Mediterranean Sea covering the analysis of the current situation and forecasts of the situation 10 days in advance. Products include 3D: Temperature, Salinity, Currents; 2D: Sea Surface Height, Mixed Layer Depth, Bottom Temperature, Stokes Drift, Wavenumber.
The biogeochemical component of Med-MFC is forced by outputs provided by Med-Currents and assimilates the surface chlorophyll concentration measured from satellite and provided by CMEMS Ocean Colour TAC. Products include 3D daily fields of Chlorophyll, Nitrate (NO3), Phosphate (PO4), Net Primary Production, Phytoplankton Biomass, Dissolved Oxygen, CO2 partial pressure, Seawater Acidity (pH).
The waves component of Med MFC is based on a high resolution (1/24°) operational wave forecasting system that provides on a daily basis 1-day hourly hindcast and 5-days hourly forecast of the wave environment of the Mediterranean Sea. 17 different wave products are available, including significant wave height, wind and primary/secondary swell significant wave height, periods, direction and Stokes Drift velocity.
Multi-year products (both reanalysis and hindcast) at daily/monthly frequency are also regularly updated once per year.
The Dissemination and the Backup Dissemination Units allow the CMEMS Users to download the Med-MFC data via different protocols and web services.
50
Moroccan HF radar network: Assessment, uncertainties and prospects
Hassan Bouksim, Morocco DIRECTION DE LA METEOROLOGIE NATIONALE AVENUE MOHAMED TAYEB NACIRI, HAY HASSANI, B.P:8106 CASA-OASIS CASABLANCA MOROCCO Phone +212 661 409 519, +212 522 913 698 email [email protected]
A High Frequency Radar (HFR) system has been operating since April 2016 as a pilot project along the northern Atlantic coast of Morocco. It’s composed by two shore-based remote sensing system deployed in Casablanca and Rabat. The system offers for the first time an exhaustive description of the hourly surface current, with a range up to 200 kilometers and spatial resolution of about 4 to 6 kilometer. It also provides the wave’s characteristics around each site. This is important for the assistance of marine activities such as navigation, fishing, search and rescue operations and for marine pollution monitoring. HFR measurement enables as well to improve marine warning and forecasting systems. After a brief introduction of the implementation of the HFR project, the presentation will focus on the assessment of significant wave height HFR observations using on the one hand the data of the WW3 model analyzes and on the other hand the data of observation of a buoy installed off the port of Mohamedia. A set of data collected from April to December 2016 by the two HFR stations is used. We will also discuss the development prospects for both network extension and applications for marine activities assistance, in particular the use of HFR surface current for the characterization of ocean circulation.
51
Characteristics Analysis of a Dense Sea Fog over Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea in Spring
Hui Wang, China National Meteorological Center of CMA China, Beijing Zhongguancun South Street 46 Email [email protected]
and: Yin Jinyong, China
The characteristics of sea-air elements on a dense sea fog over Yellow sea and Bohai sea occurred from March 3rd to 5th 2016 are analyzed in this work. Through adopting the conventional observations, Final Operational Global Analysis (FNL) data from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), and Himawari8 satellite data, this sea fog event has been found to have some significant aspects: 1) the ocean was controlled by the northwestern air flow at mid-high latitude during the developing and mature phase of this event, while the southwestern air flow in front of the trough and southern air flow behind the high pressure brought the ample water vapor to form dense fog. 2) The forming and disappearing of sea fog were affected by several relatively important meteorological and hydrological conditions, such as the air-sea temperature difference, atmospheric stability, water vapor, temperature inversion, wind speed and wind direction, etc. And each condition has a different effect on the evolution of this sea fog event. For example, the 0-4oC air-sea temperature difference, the strong atmospheric advection, and the typical vertical structure of the water vapor (upper-layer dry and lower-layer wet) provided necessary conditions on forming the sea fog.
At the same time, the wind shear and temperature inversion of low level played a significant role on controlling the propagation of the fog, which restrained the convection to the upper level, and began to spread the fog from Yellow sea to Bohai sea when the wind direction changed from south to southeastern.
52
Study on the effect of weather to the activity and sea voyage safety in Laurent Say Port Maumere, East Nusa Tenggara
I Gusti Ayu Putu Putri Astiduari, Indonesia
School of Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics Jl. Perhubungan 1 No.5, Pondok Aren, Tangerang Selatan 15221, Indonesia Phone 6285716133412 email [email protected] and: Wati Kadek Setiya, Indonesia; Wiguna Pande Putu Hadi, Indonesia
Indonesia is an archipelago country stretching from Sabang to Merauke, and currently has the goal of becoming the largest central in the world. Therefore, Indonesia's maritime strength is being improved. Sailing is needed as one of the medium of transferring commodities and as an option of transportation, so that ports also need to get quality improvement. Maumere is one of the coastal city on the northern island of Flores, as well as a gate of transportation and trade in East Nusa Tenggara. Various marine activities conducted at the harbor named Laurent Say (L.Say) Maumere. Aside from harbor activities such as traditional fishermen, the port of L.Say becomes the outlet for trading goods on the island of Flores. The upgrading of the Cargo ports to Containers make the port activity is quite dense. Maritime activity is affected by weather. Therefore, weather information becomes very important because it can reduce the chances of sea accidents that can be caused by weather factors. The Meteorological Station of Francis Xaverius Seda Maumere as Meteorological Station of Indonesian Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) in Flores Island is responsible for information services throughout Sikka Regency including the port of L.Say. The using of data for bad weather, combined with the L.Say port activity data is expected to provide an overview of the conditions at the port. The future of this information in order to be used as a reference in an effort to support the activities and safety of the voyage in Maumere’s waters.
53
The Sensitivity Test of Cumulus Parameterization Scheme of WRF-ARW Model for Rainfall Prediction Natuna Island
Immanuel Jhonson Arizona Saragih, Indonesia School of Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (STMKG) Jl. Perhubungan I No. 5, Komplek Meteo DEPHUB, Pondok Betung, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia – 15221 Phone 81296657841 email [email protected] and: Putra Agie Wandala, Indonesia
Natuna is Indonesia outlying islands in the northernmost part in the Karimata Strait on the international cruise lines. Weather in Natuna is often uncertain. Extreme weather such as rains accompanied by strong winds, the storm rumbles, and waves that reach a height of more than three meters often occur unexpectedly. Therefore, the accuracy of the weather information and weather prediction is urgently needed to support community activity in Natuna. WRF-ARW model is one of numerical weather models can be used to estimate and analyze the weather condition in a region. The cumulus parameterization scheme is one of the scheme of WRF-ARW which has most significant influence scheme in the prediction and analysis of rainfall. Cumulus parameterization scheme consists of Fabric-Fritsch (KF), Betts-Miller-Janjic (BMJ), Grell, and Grell-Devenyi ensemble schemes. This research aims to test the sensitivity of cumulus parameterization of the WRF-ARW model to improve the accuracy of rain prediction in Natuna. The data used in this research are GFS (Global Forecast System) data, observational data of rain parameter from Tarempa Meteorological Station as a reference, and Himawari-8 and TRMM satellite data. The rain prediction data as the output data WRF-ARW model compared with observational data which was consisting of synoptic and radiosonde data on several heavy rains occuration elected in Natuna. In addition, the incidence of heavy rain also verified using the Himawari-8 and TRMM satellite data. The results showed that the performance of the WRF-ARW model well enough to predict the occurrence of rain or not rain (average Proportion Correct (PC) > 0.7), but can not predict exactly time of occurrence and intensity of the rain. The KF scheme is the best parameterization scheme. Model WRF-ARW relatively underestimating but approach the real prediction (Equitabke Threat Score Value (ETS).
54
Satcom Forum – a resource for users of satellite communications for data collection and alerting
Jeremy Tandy The Technology Partnership TTP plc Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Hertfordshire, SG8 6EE United Kingdom email [email protected] and: Prior-Jones Mike, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Stander Johan, South Africa; Meldrum David, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Burns Sean, Germany
Satcom Forum is a relatively new group formed by the WMO and IOC. It aims to serve the needs of operational, scientific and research organisations and users that make use of satellite communications to collect and distribute data. It brings together satcom users to share knowledge and best practice, and also invites people from the industry to share their expertise. This includes the satellite network operators, their resellers and agents, and the manufacturers of the satellite terminals. It intends to become a clearing-house for informed, impartial knowledge about the many different satcom systems that are available on the market, so that users can choose a system that best suits their needs. To this end, we are in the process of publishing a Handbook, which will list all the available systems on the market, and provide a directory of useful contacts. This will be an official paper document endorsed by JCOMM and the WMO and IOC, with regular updates on the web. We also intend to run training events (in person and online) to help potential users learn about the satellite communications systems available to them.
Satcom also intends to encourage the provision of tariffs and prepayment schemes that suit the needs of the user community. The high monthly service charges of many commercial tariffs have often deterred users, and we intend to use our industry links to encourage the development of more suitable schemes. This could potentially include a collective purchasing scheme to provide more attractive tariffs for smaller nations with limited resources. A prime example would be the development of a tariff that encourages disaster monitoring networks to migrate to satcoms in preference to terrestrial solutions, given that terrestrial networks are often amongst the first infrastructure casualties in disaster situations.
55
Predicted Indonesian Sea Surface Temperature Using The Weather Research and Forecasting version 3.9
Jose Rizal, Indonesia Research and Development Centre Indonesian for Agency Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics Angkasa Street I Number 2 Kemayoran, Central of Jakarta, Indonesia Phone +62-21-42463221 +62-21-65866238 email [email protected]
and: Putra I Dewa Gede Arya Putra, Indonesia; Amsal Ferdika, Indonesia, Ganesha Ganesha, Indonesia
Predicted sea surface temperature can be carried out using The Weather Research and Forecasting versi 3.9 (WRF 3.9) dynamic model utilizing Initial Conditian Boundary Condition (ICBC) Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) data produced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) during Six months ahead. Domain downscaling is done in the Indonesian maritime continent region at 10oLU - 15oLS and 90oBT - 150oBT with a spatial resolution of 25 km capable of explaining the effect of land, marine and atmospheric interactions. The existence of WRF parameterization scheme in the latest version specifically for the tropical climate region can improve the prediction accuracy of sea surface temperature conditions Indonesia.
Predicted Sea Surface Temperatures on a monthly scale show different variations and distribution in each region. The analysis of sea surface temperature conditions in the southern islands of Java, Bali, Nusa Tenggara to the southern sea of Maluku from June decreased until August, then increased in the month of september to november with range 23oC to 29oC. West sea area of Sumatra, West and East sea of Kalimantan, North Sulawesi of Sulawesi to sea of North Papua sea surface temperature is relatively warmer with temperature range 29oC to 32oC.
56
Preparedness for Natural Disasters in Asia-Pacific : Role of Information and Communication for Societal Participation
Kalpana Chaudhari, India Institute for Sustainable development and Research,ISDR B-1-8,Narayan Pujari Nagar, Worli,Mumbai,400018, India Email [email protected]
and: Philip Paruthummootil Jacob, India;
Almost all the countries situated around the Asia- Pacific and Bay of Bengal were affected by the tsunami waves in the morning hours of 26 December 2004. The killer waves were triggered by an earthquake measuring 8.9 on the Richter scale that had an epicenter near the west coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. The first recorded tsunami in India dates back to 31 December 1881. An earthquake of magnitude 7.5 on the Richter scale, with its epicenter believed to have been under the sea off the coast of Car Nicobar Island, caused the tsunami. The last recorded tsunami in India occurred on 26 June 1941, caused by an earthquake with magnitude exceeding 8.5. This caused extensive damage to the Andaman Islands. There are no other well-documented records of Tsunami in India. From Asia to Africa, the December tsunami killed at least 160-thousand people, and scoured shorelines of buildings and other structures. For millions of fishers and their families, the Indian Ocean was the source of their food and livelihood. But when an earthquake caused a tsunami to race across the ocean floor and slam into coastlines, many lives and livelihoods were wiped out.The presentation focuses on policy formulation for resources planning ,coastal risk and vulnerability, social-ecological vulnerability and disaster resilience in coastal communities, Human Pressures on Coastal Environments, land water-seawater interactions. This paper aims to explore the nature, role and relevance of the Electronic/Digital Governance using ICTs for assessing the impacts of natural disasters and mitigation for socio-economic and sustainable development and its impacts to highlight approaches and methods for improving disaster governance, having particular regarding to the range of interests and actors involved in e-governance, ICTs. The paper will examine the current status of disaster governance in India in different regions involved in e-governance process for the assessment of impacts of global climate change and natural disasters along coastal regions.
57
Development of Local Level Storm Surge Hazard Maps for Potential Use in Storm Surge Evacuation and Development Planning : Case Study of the 2012 Typhoon BOPHA (Pablo) in Mindanao Area,
Philippines
Maria Cecilia Monteverde, Philippines
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration, Department of Science and Technology Science Garden Complex, Agham Road, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines Phone (632) 434-4677 (632) 434-4677 email [email protected] and: USON MARIA CRISTINA, Philippines; TUAZON WILFREDO, Philippines; PANTI JEHAN FE, Philippines
The eastern seaboard of the Philippines is highly exposed to tropical cyclones. The hazards associated with typhoons consist of strong winds, storm surges and heavy rains-causing floods and or landslides. In order to assess the disaster vulnerability of local communities to storm surge hazard, a case study was carried out on the generation of Storm Surge Hazard Maps for Selected Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) affected areas in the eastern coastal municipalities of Mindanao area. The methodology employed in this project involved: storm surge model simulation of the Typhoon Bhopa, field works, analysis and mapping. The work was carried out using the LiDAR derived Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to identify inundation depths and extents and utilizing ArcGIS software for the analysis. The numerical simulations used to come up with the storm surge hazard maps include the JMA Storm Surge Model, Delft3D, XBeach and the SWAN Model for the offshore wave heights. Results from the models were then ground validated and pertinent data related to Typhoon Pablo were also gathered. Interviews with residents with personal accounts of the storm surge event and measurements of high water marks were gathered to determine the correctness of the initial storm surge hazard maps. Topographic survey using Real Time Kinematic Global Navigational Satellite System (RTK-GNSS) was also collected in the municipalities of Boston, Cateel, and Baganga in Davao Oriental to capture relevant natural and anthropogenic topographic features such as beach face, dunes and seawalls. The storm surge hazard maps produced in this project basically show on a local or barangay level showing the inundation depths and extents to raise the awareness and understanding of the general public of the storm hazard threat and as an effective tool for local authorities for development planning and regulatory processes.
Fishing and associated activities including processing, marketing, services and various part-time activities are estimated to provide around 600,000 jobs in Senegal including those for 52,000 people directly employed in small scale fisheries. Employment in fisheries provides income for almost 20% of the labor force and around 10% of the rural population. The fisheries sector plays an important role in Senegal's economy. But due to poor quality of our traditional boats and cultural practices many accidents and loss of life have been noted over the years. Some of them due to the fisher behavior but most of them due to sea weather conditions.
Our agency, ANACIM, is responsible for the dissemination of all meteorological information including marine meteorology. For that we have:
In terms of observation two tide gauges installing at the coast with sensors which give us some parameter (water level, Wind, rainfall....) and a coastal automatic station give us atmospherics parameters (air temperature, humidity, wind...).
In term of forecast we have our own marine model which is a wave forecast model named Wave Watch 3 (version 4.18) forced by GFS model wind data of 0.5° resolution. It gives the general state of the sea up to 72h with a time step of 3h (1h for the port with SWAN ""Simulating WAves Nearshore"").
We have also disseminate meteorological information at large-scale . The objective is to make easier for users information and weather warnings access; prevent and reduce the risk of accidents and loss of life and property related to meteorological phenomena.
I'll present during this conference our actual disseminating information system to local fishermen and what we plan in few years to improve our marine meteorology.
59
Characteristics Of The Sea Waves In The Maluku Waters Using The Wavewatch 3.3 Data
Novi Fitrianti, Indonesia Agency For Meteorology Climatology and Geophisics Jl. Angkasa I No.2 Kemayoran Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta 10720 P.O. Box 3540 Jkt email [email protected][email protected] and: Ramdani Dwi Hartomo, Indonesia;
Maluku region has a very strategic position in the national shipping route for the public interest. In this regard the ocean waves deeply affected, especially for the safety of the activities carried out in the ocean. Therefore the need for research on the characteristics of high waves in selected areas based on data for the period 2002 - 2011. The study was made using the data CCMP (Cross-Calibrated Multi Platform) from the US, which is then inserted into the Model Wavewatch 3.3. From the results of running are then mapped using Grads app. Furthermore, it also obtained information about the height of waves per point of each representative of each region and the wave height relation to the incidence tropical cyclones. Then the results are interpreted and analyzed on a monthly basis. From the research results show that the wave height have different patterns in each month. The pattern of wave height and frequency of high waves in most regions of Maluku waters has its peak when entering a period (June, July, August). In the period (December, January, February) of Maluku waters a wave of high but not as big as in the period of JJA. High waves per point highest in the sea area Arafuru. Highsea wave itself is highly dependent on the activity of the monsoon and tropical cyclones. Tropical cyclones affect high waves based on location and size of the tropical cyclone.
60
Analysis Of Coastal Upwelling in the Southern Waters of Java
Novi Fitrianti, Indonesia Indonesian Agency For Meteorology Climatology and Geophisics "Jl. Angkasa I No.2 Kemayoran Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta 10720 P.O. Box 3540 Jkt" Phone (021) 4246321 (021) 4246703 email [email protected]
Upwelling process occurs because of the void of water masses on the surface layer due to drift currents to other places. Upwelling can occur in coastal areas and also offshore. In coastal areas, upwelling occurs when a layer of surface water mass of water moves out of the coast causing a vacuum of water mass. The occurrence of upwelling due to the influence of wind and the existence of Ekman process divergence. Upwelling areas usually have high biological productivity resulting in an abundance of fish. The process of upwelling in the waters of Southern Java occurred in East Season caused by the Southeast monsoon Wind. Upwelling in Southern Java is caused by the Southern Equatorial Current and also the southeast wind and occurs between May and September. It can be seen that upwelling around the waters of South Java occurs due to Ekman pump mechanism during the blowing of Southeast monsoon. The research aims to determine the spread of coastall upwelling at the time of south east season in south Java waters, therefore the data of zonal, meridional and sea surface temperature components are used to analyze how the influence of wind speed to coastall upwelling happened in research area. Analysis conducted in June, July and August by determining the relationship between wind speed with the occurrence of coastall upwelling. The Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) is used to determine the probability of cooling sea surface temperature based on the intensity of wind speed. The threshold determination is performed by determining the cut off of the CDF on the cumulative probability of 0.8. The result of the analysis shows that wind speed causes the cooling of the sea surface temperature of <-1 0 C in the south coast waters of Java ie when the wind speed is above 10 m / s during June and July while in August occurs when wind speed above 10.9 m / S, while the anomaly negative sst change does not occur when the wind at 10 and 10.8 m / s occurs within a day but has a lag where the occurrence of wind speed is consecutive for several days, in this analysis it is found that Anomaly sst occurs when the wind is blowing for 3 -5 days.
61
Emerging Trends Of Weather Extremes And Forecasting West Africa Ocean Dynamics
Climate is changing at unprecedented rates in recorded history. A variety of lines of evidence demonstrate that climate change is likely to affect the Ocean cycle and thus create new challenges in Ocean management. This requires that climate change information be included in Ocean and Ocean-related resources planning, operations, and management.
This paper examines the chain of interactions between climate change, forecasting and Ocean Dynamics in West Africa especially in damage ecosystems and undermine development. The paper relies mainly on secondary data generated by individuals, government and non-governmental bodies. From these sources, the paper reveals that climate change results in Atlantic Ocean in Nigeria is having a very real impact and needs urgent attention. Extreme weather as a manifestation of climate change is increasingly problematic for the people along the coastline of West Africa Countries . The complex coastal surface and Atlantic Ocean of Nigeria plays a great role in the formation and modification as well as distribution of weather in both countries.
For this study, the aim of this investigations to get a better understanding of improving Atlantic Ocean and Ocean data and products for science and society and how it is related to the probable changes of Ocean-related resources planning, operations, and management along the West Africa Coast, taken Nigeria as a case study, depending on parameters that might change in a future climate. The results will help to identify vulnerabilities of e.g the Shore protection along the Nigerian Coasts and give us a chance to work on adaptation and risk mitigation necessitated under possible climate change.
62
EMODnet Physics: Collecting and providing marine data and products for Europe on Global scale
Patrick Gorringe, Sweden Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, SMHI SMHI SE-601 76 Norrköping Phone +46 11 4958047 email [email protected]
and: Novellino Antonio, Italy;
EMODnet - the European Marine Observation and Data network – is an long term marine data initiative from the European Commission Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (DG MARE) involving more than 150 European organizations for assembling marine data, products, and metadata.
EMODnet Physics (www.emodnet-physics.eu), one of the 8 EMODnet thematic portals, is developing a combined array of services and functionalities to obtain, free of charge, data, meta-data and data products on the physical conditions of the ocean from different distributed data sets.
The work of the EMODnet Physics partners is built on the EuroGOOS network of observing platforms and the SeaDataNet protocol for accessing archived physical data from national oceanographic data centres. The collection of physical parameters is largely an automated process that allows the dissemination of near real time information. The infrastructure for storing and distributing these data is shared with the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service.
The EMODnet Physics portal is currently providing easy access to data and products for a number of physical parameters and products and is continuously increasing the number and type of platforms in the system by unlocking and providing high quality data from a growing network.
EMODnet Physics partners together with EuroGOOS are also providing access to non-European data sets. This is done in agreement with a number of ongoing initiatives and projects such as the GOOS Regional Alliances, GRAs, administrated by the GOOS Program Office.
In this poster, we give an overview of how EMODnet Physics is organized; progress made to date and planned activities.
63
The Analysis and Warning Index designs of Ocean Hazards in the East China Sea and the Argo - Typhoon Automatic Matching for the study of Ocean Modulation on Typhoon in the northeast
Pacific Ocean
Qi Yang, China Shanghai Marine Meteorological Center, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, CMA No.36 Haiji Liu Road, Lingang New Town, 201300, Shanghai, China Email [email protected]
and: Chen Zhiqiang, China
Base on multi-source observations and model outputs, novel attempts have been done, addressing to understand marine and meteorological characteristics and catastrophability in this sea area and to do better service.
First, the wave warning indexes for ships are designed, including wave-ship resonance index, wave shoaling effect index, wave steepness index and swell proportion index. They describe different aspects of wave’s impacts on ships, and are monitored or forecasted for ships’ sail and mooring safety.
Second, during the Typhoon Chan-hom in 2015, a siltation event occurred in the North Channel of the Yangtze Estuary, which impeded huge containers to go in through to the port, and led to a big economic lost. In order to reveal reasons for the siltation, ocean responses to the typhoon in aspects of current and waves are analyzed in detail, preparing to accumulate sufficient experiences for further design of appropriate siltation warning index.
Third，the Argo - Typhoon Automatic Matching method is developed, which may catch profiles of the upper ocean under a typhoon. Especially, from the point of heat flux, mesoscale eddies’ role in modulation of ocean on typhoon are studied. This can be used for real time information acquirement during a typhoon period or for historical data analysis and can expand the use of the precious Argo data in the open sea and enrich the prediction bases for typhoon intensity and path.
Some of the attempts above, such as wave steepness index and swell proportion index, are regularly operated in the Monitoring, Forecasting and Warning System of Shanghai Marine Meteorological Center and the Multi-Hazard Early Warning and Decision Supporting System of Shanghai Meteorological Bureau. In the future, towards the demand oriented direction, more investigations are going to be done and more service methods for disaster risk reduction are going to be explored.
64
Indonesia PRIMA 2017 field campaign and ocean-atmosphere explorations of the Eastern Indian Ocean
Rahayu Sri Puji, Indonesia
Center for Marine Meteorology, Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) Jalan Angkasa I No.2 KemayoranJakarta 10720 Phone +62-21-4246321 ext 4504 +62-21-6546318 email [email protected]@bmkg.go.id
and:, Siswanto Siswanto Indonesia; Riama Nelly Florida, Indonesia
The Indonesia PRIMA or InaPRIMA (Indonesia Program initiative on Maritime Observation and Analysis) is a ship time for maintaining RAMA mooring buoy (ATLAS) and a field campaign to collect more data in Marine Meteorology, Geophysics, Oceanography and Air Quality Survey. InaPRIMA is part of BMKG – NOAA collaboration in ocean and climate observation and analysis under the Indonesia–USA Mutual of Understanding on Ocean Science Technology. This program is intended to support the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) Program.
The InaPRIMA successfully mimics the oceanic features of the Eastern Indian Ocean by their obtained CTD and ADCP data such as the guessed water mass of Indonesian Trough Flow that penetrated further into Indian Ocean jointly with South Equatorial Current (SEC). The sub surface oceanic features during MJO event 22-28 Feb 2017 is also captured during the cruise. The data obtained from the survey also confirms the existence of Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) and its characteristics together with the latitudinal feature of the Eastern Indian Ocean.
and: Amrina Dava, Indonesia; Fitriyanti Novi, Indonesia
It is generally agreed that rainfall variability over Indonesia archipelago is influenced by Sea Surface Temperature (SST). Presence of dry and wet seasons are the one of evidence of rainfall variability. This research investigates correlation between SST and rainfall over Indonesia in particularly during peak of wet seasons (December, January and February - DJF). The predictability of wet season is harder than dry season. This is because the variance of rainfall is very high in DJF. This research uses two types of SST, namely (i) ERSST as the observation (SSTobs) and (ii) seven reforecast SST (SSTref) global models (i.e. CFSv2, CMC1, CMC2, NASA, GFDL, NCAR, NMME) over tropical Pacific Ocean (10N – 10S; 80W – 160E). The aim of this research is to asses seven SSTref global models as a predictor to forecast rainfall for DJF season. Monthly rainfall data for 30 years (1985-2014) from around 350 rain gauges involved in this research. Spectral analysis and Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) use to clustering homogenous region rainfall patterns. Then Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) is used to find out correlation between rainfall on the homogenous regions and SSTref. The results show that there are six homogenous region rainfall patterns in which the biggest region as well as the most dominant pattern can explain 41.1% variance of monthly rainfall in Indonesia, has loading value >0.5 and has periodic every 12 months. CCA by using SSTobs shows that rainfall in this pattern has extremely strong correlation (0,928) toward global SST (30N - 30S). This pattern is known well as Monsoon region. Furthermore, Mode 1 of CCA shows that the highest is NCAR (correlation = 0.91) and CMC1, CMC2, GFDL, NMME have correlation > 0.8. This indicates that the SSTref model over tropical Pacific Ocean has teleconnection toward rainfall over Monsson region. However, response of rainfall over Monsoon region does not show very positive or negative correlation. During 30 years training period, NCAR SSTref model shows positive skill Pearson correlation ranging from 0.3 to 0.6 and some location has >0.6 especially over Java island.
Safety for Fishermen in East Nusa Tenggara between Hope and Reality
Setiajid Ajid Bambang, Indonesia BMKG "El Tari Airport Jl. Adi Sucipto , Kupang, NTT, Indonesia Phone 6281330610771 62380881613 email [email protected]
East Nusa Tenggara is a province with 80,000 traditional fishermen. Sea condition in East Nusa Tenggara is generally covered by easterly monsoon from May to November with moderate to strong wind. The peak of wind speed is in June to August with maximum surface wind speed upto 40 knots. Meanwhile from December - April is dominated Westerly with precipitation, and sometimes there is tropical storm near Australia, which it can arise the precipitation and wind speed.
According to those conditions, East Nusa Tenggara has the rough sea, thus it is not traditional fishermen friendly. As we know most of them sail with the small boat with no appropriate telecommunication device. It means as they sail, there is no contact to anyone, and if something occur no one knows and gives help. It is proven by fact, that many times the boats sank dan the victims lost, the newest was in Rote waters last May, a traditional boat with four fishermen on it sank, two of them were not found till today.
In the other side El Tari Meteorology Office, Kupang provides the ocean information to support the safe at sea, esspecially for traditional fishermen. In provinding the service, El Tari Meteorology Office Kupang relies on modelling result, but feedback from users is so limited, because of the communication device is a rare thing .
There is a big challange how to bridge the availability of information with the fishermen and how to get feedback from them to verify the modelling result. The keyword is coordination. All stakeholders must be involved to create an Integrated Metocean Monitoring, Forecasting and Services System.
Sustained Ocean Observations to Understand Climate: A look at NOAA’s Ocean Observing and Monitoring Division
Shelby Brunner, United States of America NOAA OAR 1315 East-West Highway Silver Spring, MD 20910 Phone 301-427-2473 email [email protected] and: Legler David, United States of America; Piotrowicz Steve, United States of America; Smith Emily, United States of America
Over the past 20+ years there has been remarkable progress in developing a global ocean observing system. Global in-situ observations of essential climate variables in the ice-free ocean to 2000m depth are now routinely available to address the long-term observational requirements of forecast and modeling centers, international research programs, major scientific assessments, and decision-makers. This poster will review NOAA’s Ocean Observing and Monitoring program which supports thirteen global ocean observing systems (e.g Argo, deep-ocean hydrography, surface drifters, RAMA, Oceansites, GLOSS); data systems; and a suite of ocean products.
68
Multi-timescale Climate characters and related climate signals of powerful typhoon events affecting Hainan Island
Shengan Wu, China Key laboratory of meteorological disaster prevention and reduction of the South China Sea Haikou Email [email protected]
and: Lijuan Chen, China; Caiying Xing, China; Jingjing Zhu, China
Based on the typhoon data, disaster data of Hainan, reanalysis data and statistical methods, 13 strong typhoon events affecting Hainan Island (PTAHI) during 1967-2015 were identified. Their related climate characteristics and backgrounds were further investigated in this study. The results show that all of the PTAHIs generated in the western North Pacific (WNP), most of which were strengthened quickly after entering the South China Sea (SCS) and then moved westward or northwestward, consequently affecting Hainan severely or landing Hainan. The selected PTAHIs all occurred in July to November, with 70% of them appearing in autumn. The number of the PATHI is the largest in October, which accounts for 40% of the total number. The PTAHI occurrence shows apparent decadal variations, with more PTAHIs during the 1970s-1980s and fewer PATHIs after the 1990s. Three climate signals could contribute to the occurrence of the PATHI. The warming of the sea surface temperature (SST) over the SCS and the WNP after the 1980s provides the decadal background for the reduction of the PTAHI. The combined action of the ENSO and the Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO) offers the background for the interannual variability of the PATHI. Both the moderate La Niña status and the moderate El Nino status are beneficial for the PATHI occurrence, whereas the westerly phase of QBO inhabits the PATHI activity in these two statuses. According to the decadal change of the SST in the western Pacific, the phase and the intensity of the ENSO cycle, and the QBO phase, the combined BEST-QBO index was constructed. Further examination verified that this index can well measure the PATHI occurrence and can be used as a signal for the prediction and early warning of the PTAHI.
69
Introduction To Himawari-8, Products And The Validation In Indonesian
Takahiro Osawa, Japan; Center for Remote Sensing and Ocean Sciences Udayana University Udayana University Post Graduate Building, 3F PB Sudirman Street, Denpasar, Bali 80232, Indonesia email [email protected]
and: I Ketut Swardika, Indonesia; I Nyoman Radiarta, Indonesia; Teguh Agustiad, Indonesia
Himawari-8 is new Japanese meteorological geostationary satellite operated since July, 7 2015. Satellite brought Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) which consist of 16-bands including 4 VIS-NIR bands (Red:0.5 km, Green/Blue/NIR:1 km), 2-SWIR bands (2 km) and 10 TIR bands (2 km). Himawari-8 operated above 140.7 deg. east. and offers 10-mins. of full-disk/Western Pacific Regional (within 2 and 5 km) and 2.5-mins. of Japan and target area (1 km spatial resolution) of SST and ocean color observations and others i.e. atmosphere, flux included land products. Himawari-8 was significantly improved on spectral bands, temporal and spatial resolution from former MTSAT-1R/2 capability (within 5 bands, 60 mins. and 4 km. resolution). The GHRSST SST and Chlorophyll-a (CHL) Himawari data precisely showed of seasonal typical characteristic of SST and CHL on Indonesian waters. The comparison with buoy data on several locations indicated that the GHRSST SST and CHL Himawari-8 product need some adjustment.
70
Oceanic observation network of Georgia : problems and ways of solution
Temuri Avaliani, Georgia
National Enviromental Agency Tbilisi, aghmashenebeli st. N150 Phone 995577372030 email [email protected]
Monitoring, study, and forecast of ongoing processes in the Black Sea are quite important for Georgia, as for coastline country.
According to experts nowadays the pollution level of the Black Sea is sufficiently high with the following impurities: oil hydrocarbon, biogenic elements, heavy metals and other anthropogenic impurities. These should have negative impact on the Black Sea ecosystem. Activation of the Black Sea coast erosion processes, distraction of the coastal ecosystem and urban infrastructure is alarming.
In Georgia oceanographical research has become systematic for development of fishing industry since the 1930s. From time to time it was began to study the regime of the sea flows and the rough sea (since the 1950s), geological study of the shelf (since the 1960s) and morphology and dynamics of the coastal zone (since 1972s).
It should be noted that oceanographic observations were dramatically reduced in Georgia by the end of the twentieth century.
For the future it is planned to install two automatic marine meteorological stations with the assistance of the Government of Japan.
Research works are being carried out based on the regional model of the Black Sea dynamic at I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University and M. Nodia Institute of Geophysics. Regional forecasting system enables to calculate the flow, temperature and salinity levels with a capacity of 1 km in the eastern part of the Black Sea which includes Georgian sector.
In order to create completed oceanographic database in the country, it is necessary to develop observation network, equip with up-to-date technologies, and conduct trainings young specialists. Introduction of the modern mathematical modeling and futher realization of its full velue are nesesery for study of ongoing processes in the Black Sea.
The goal of my report is to introduce the problems of the oceanic observation network of Georgia and the measures nessesury for elimination of these problems.
71
Development of an autonomous seaglider for observing physicalocean
parameters in the Indonesian Seas
Utoyo Ajie Linarka, Indonesia Center for Research and Development, Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), Indonesia Jl. Angkasa I/2, Jakarta 10720, Indonesia phone+62-21-4246321 +62-21-65866238 email [email protected]
and: Trilaksono Bambang Rianto, Indonesia; Sagala Faisal, Indonesia; Sopaheluwakan Ardhasena, Indonesia
To promote a sustained monitoring and surveying of physical ocean parameters for research or operational purposes relying on moorings and ships is very costly. Development of an inexpensive instrument capable to perform such tasks not only could reduce cost and risks but also increase cruising range and depth. For that reason, a prototype of seaglider was developed, named “GaneshBlue”. It works based on glider working principles which utilizes pitch angle and buoyancy control for moving. For one gliding movement, GaneshBlue passed through 5 phases of surface, descent, transition, ascent and back to surface. The glider is equipped with basic navigation system and remote control, programmable survey planning, temperature and salinity sampling instruments, lithium batteries for power supply, and information processing software. When the glider encountered problem in its movement triggered by interaction with water, its ability to overcome the problem was determined by its configuration and control fields expressed in static and dynamic stability characteristics. A field test at the shallow water showed that GaneshBlue has successfully demonstrated gliding and surfacing movements with surge motion speed reaching 20 cm s-1 and 20 m in depths. During the field test the glider was also equipped with three instruments, i.e. Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) to estimate glider’s speed and orientation; MiniCT to acquire temperature and conductivity data; and Altisounder to determine its distance to sea surface and to seabed. In general, all the instruments performed well but filter algorithm needs to be implemented on data collection procedure to remove data outliers.
72
Catastrophic Heavy Rains In Black Sea Basin And Its Impact On Maximum Runoff Of Small Rivers In Conditions Of Unstable Climate
In terms of climate change in recent years in Ukraine there is a significant decrease in the rate of cyclones, especially in the south, changing areas of their formation, the trajectory of the movement, which leads to a redistribution of precipitation in the territory, including an increase in the probability of torrential rainfall.
In regulatory documents forming storm floods associated with maximum values of precipitation per day. In territory Black Sea basin their values fluctuate quite widely - from 52 mm (Korotne) to 164 mm (Caushani). The analysis shows that most daily maxima observed within 80-100 mm (56.7%). But the peaks are also observed and for various years. Most daily highs observed in the time interval 1961-1990 years. (84.4%). In the last twenty years of outstanding daily precipitation occurred only in 12% of the total number.
The rivers of the Black Sea are characterized by periodic runoff during snowmelt and heavy rains. The peculiarity of the formation of rain flood on flat areas, unlike the process of formation spring flood is that rain flood runoff often formed in small watersheds. Small rivers make up a significant part of the hydrographic network of studies territory. If on this territory are planning constructing of roads and railways for almost every 2-5 km necessary to cross the numerous ravines and gullies. This circumstance makes it necessary to calculate the maximum discharges of water from floods, to ensure the safety of bridges and the existence of different kinds of transitions through small streams
Maximum daily rainfall and runoff layers 1% probability of exeedance obtained by applying the method recurrence of extrema and refined through method of collective analysis As a result for the small rivers of the Black Sea basin it is recommended to accept maximum daily rainfall as P1%= 95mm.
73
The relationship between the intensification offshore of super typhoon Rammasun and low-
frequency vapor transportation and its precedent signal
Xiaowen Wei, China Hainan meteorological service center Haikou city of Hainan province in China Phone 13518835402 email [email protected]
and: Wu Kun Di, China; Chen Ming, China; Wu Hui, China
Using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and hourly typhoon center pressure and maximum wind velocity provided by National Meteorological Centre, we analyze the variation character of vapor transportation when the super typhoon Rammasun intensify in the South China Sea(SCS), mainly discuss the effect of 10～30d low-frequency vapor transportation on Rammasun intensification, and search for the precedent low-frequency signal of typhoon variation from low-frequency circulation field. Results show that: (1) Rammasun has two main vapor transportation channels, the Bay of Bengal (BOB) channel and SCS channel, the intensity of BOB channel is greater than that of SCS channel. (2) the intensification offshore of Rammasun has close relationship with 10～30d low-frequency vapor transportation. Under the action of tropical Low-frequency system, low-frequency west vapor transportation from BOB channel and south vapor transportation from SCS channel converge on SCS, which provide favorable condition for the intensification of Rammasun.(3) For the typhoons landing on the east of Hainan island, their landing intensity has significantly negative correlation with low-frequency vapor transportation from BOB channel, has relatively weak negative correlation with vapor transportation from SCS channel 5～7 days in advance. If the low-frequency vapor transportation flux inflowing from two channel cross sections is at the low-value phase of the low-frequency oscillation, it is good for typhoon intensifying on SCS 5～7 days later, otherwise weakening.
74
The homogeneity tests of the sea surface temperature data
in Bohai Sea area
Yang Yang, China; National Marine Data and Information Service Tianjin 300171 and: YANG Jin-kun, China; MIAO Qing-sheng, China; LIU Yu-long, China
Temperature data observed at different frequency from the Bohai Sea marine observationstations was analyzed. Results showed that daily average sea surface temperature value obtained from3-hour-observations (08h, 14h, 20h) was slightly lower than that from 24-hour-observations, the generalgap was within 0.10℃, while the value was 0.05℃ for the monthly mean temperature. Daily average seasurface temperature values of 3-hour-observations have little effect on both statistical properties and theaccuracy of statistical data, which does not affect the representativeness of the data. It can be used instudying long time series problems. Testing results show that some inhomogeneities exist in the wholeSST series in the Bohai Sea. Observational system change is found to be the main cause fordiscontinuities, followed by station relocation.
JOINT WMO/IOC TECHNICAL COMMISSION FOR OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE METEOROLOGY
Marine Technical Conference (TECO) Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, 23 to 24 October 2017
JCOMM-5/TECO
TOWARD AN INTEGRATED METOCEAN MONITORING, FORECASTING AND SERVICE SYSTEM
from Monday 23 to Tuesday 24 October 2017
ABSTRACTS OF ORAL PRESENTATIONS (RESERVE)
76
Comparison Of BMKG OFS Product With WRF-ARW Model Related To High Wave Case Analysis In Java Sea Due To Tropical Cyclone Talas
Anggoro Adityo Mega, Indonesia BMKG Jl. Angkasa I No.2 Kemayoran, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta Phone (021) 4246321 (021) 4246703 email [email protected]@gmail.com and: Aldilla PutriRodhi Janu, Indonesia;
One of the effects of tropical cyclone phenomenon is the increasing of wind speed around its forming region. it caused by in the event of a tropical cyclone, the convective clouds grow very massive and trigger the occurrence of downdraft and strong winds. Downdraft and strong winds have an impact on other meteorological and oceanographic parameters, one of them is wave height. This research examines the wind and ocean waves condition in the event of Talas tropical cyclone. Talas tropical cyclone formed in the South China Sea on July 14, 2017 at 12.00 UTC on coordinates 111.4oE – 17.2oN and strengthened on July 15, 2017. This research utilizes buoy data of RAMA that located around Indonesian water territory, reanalysis data from OFS BMKG and WRF-ARW model. The results showed an increase in wind speed that triggered the increase of wave height during Talas tropical cyclone. From the simulation of the WRF-ARW model there is a shearline pattren around of Java sea and wind moves from the Java sea to the south China sea with wind speeds from 15 - 30 Knots. And sea wave conditions ranging from 2 to 3 meters. This condition affected the shipping activity around the area, where one ship was reported to have sunk on July 15, 2017 as it was impacted by strong wave increases and strong wind speeds. This condition only occurs when Talas tropical cyclone near in Indonesia and when TC moves away the sea waves conditions tend to improve.
Modeling And Quantitative Retrieval Of Finite Field For The Tropical Sea Surface Wind Speed Of The Fy-3c Microwave Imager
Dawei An, China National Satellite Meteorological Center Zhongguancun South Street, No. 46 National Satellite Weather Center，BEI JING Email [email protected] and: Peng Zhang, China
The purpose of this study is to select a suitable sea wind retrieval method for FY-3C (MWRI). Based on the traditional empirical model of retrieving sea surface wind speed, and in the case of small sample size of FY-3C satellite load regression analysis, this paper analyzes the channel differences between the FY-3C satellite microwave radiation imager (MWRI) and TMI onboard the TRMM. The paper also analyzes the influence of these differences on the channel in terms of receiving temperature, including channel frequency , sensitivity ∆K and, scaling precision K . Then, the limited range of new model coefficient regression analysis is determined (in which the channel range settings include the information and features of channel differences), the regression methods of the finite field are proposed, and the empirical model of wind speed retrieval applicable to MWRI is obtained, which achieves strong results. Compared to the TAO buoy data, the mean deviation of the new model is 0.4 m/s, and the standard deviation is 1.2 m/s. In addition, the schematic diagram of the tropical sea surface wind speed retrieval is provided.
Wave Acquisition Data for Meteorological Ocean Analysis and Forecasting
Fajar Setiawan, Indonesia
BMKG (Indonesia Meteorological Climatological and Geophysics Agency) Kalimas Baru, st. 97B, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia60165 Phone +62852-3133-5233 email [email protected]
and: Prasetyo Eko, Indonesia
Waves as one of meteorological component which is the most sensitive and takes effect on surface oceanic activity makes this information takes an important role for analysis, planning and forecasting. Onshore and offshore infrastructure manufacturing must consider waves activity in that area, and so does shipping activity in requirement for safety of transportation. Based on its natural evocation, waves can be differed into tsunami, tidal waves and wind waves. On WMO regulation (Guide to marine meteorological services), waves for meteorological ocean information is wind generating waves or wind waves (WMO,2001). The forms and conditions of wind generating waves ara really complex and non linear, however by understanding the whole surface wind conditions and using some sort of approaching and theory, wave acquisition data can be obtained without direct observation on sea, and the qualitative verification shows the conformity among wave modelling and actual wave on sea.
79
Study on the effect of weather to the activity and sea voyage safety in Laurent Say Port Maumere, East Nusa Tenggara
I Gusti Ayu Putu Putri Astiduari, Indonesia
School of Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics Jl. Perhubungan 1 No.5, Pondok Aren, Tangerang Selatan 15221, Indonesia Phone 6285716133412 email [email protected] and: Wati Kadek Setiya, Indonesia; Wiguna Pande Putu Hadi, Indonesia
Indonesia is an archipelago country stretching from Sabang to Merauke, and currently has the goal of becoming the largest central in the world. Therefore, Indonesia's maritime strength is being improved. Sailing is needed as one of the medium of transferring commodities and as an option of transportation, so that ports also need to get quality improvement. Maumere is one of the coastal city on the northern island of Flores, as well as a gate of transportation and trade in East Nusa Tenggara. Various marine activities conducted at the harbor named Laurent Say (L.Say) Maumere. Aside from harbor activities such as traditional fishermen, the port of L.Say becomes the outlet for trading goods on the island of Flores. The upgrading of the Cargo ports to Containers make the port activity is quite dense. Maritime activity is affected by weather. Therefore, weather information becomes very important because it can reduce the chances of sea accidents that can be caused by weather factors. The Meteorological Station of Francis Xaverius Seda Maumere as Meteorological Station of Indonesian Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) in Flores Island is responsible for information services throughout Sikka Regency including the port of L.Say. The using of data for bad weather, combined with the L.Say port activity data is expected to provide an overview of the conditions at the port. The future of this information in order to be used as a reference in an effort to support the activities and safety of the voyage in Maumere’s waters.
80
A new design for operational meso-scale eddies forecast services in the South China Sea
Jingshi Li, China
National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center No.8, Dahui Temple Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China Email [email protected]
and: KUANG Xiaodi, China; LI Yun, China; LIU Guimei, China
Meso-scale eddies play an important role in the temperature and salt structure, energy and mass transport of the ocean. Currently, the visualization of meso-scale eddies is mostly confined to scientific research with strong professionalism and abstractness, difficult for the potential users to understand and utilize. Therefore, the upgrading of simplicity, functionality and effectiveness is necessary to improve the quality and user experience of forecasting services.
Based on satellite altimeter data and numerical forecasting products, a new meso-scale eddies forecasting product in the South China Sea is designed. The eddy tracking and diagnosis techniques are applied to determine eddy properties like location, intensity, polarity, duration, speed etc. With a concisely integrated interface, eddies’ properties are interpreted in a direct but informative way, including both figures and charts. Furthermore, the marker patterns and color schemes are feasible for faxing as well. As a part of the Chinese Global Operational Forecasting System (CGOFS) Services, this product will provide forecasting services of meso-scale eddies for marine fisheries, transport, engineering and underwater activities.
HF radar is a remote sensing technique for measuring surface currents and ocean wave directional spectra. This paper describes the installation of a HF Radar system. They are located along the coast of Andaman Sea and Gulf of Thailand in order to study the surface currents and ocean wave directional spectra in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea. HF radar results were compared to the output of numerical models in order to validate and calibrate numerical models, after that these models will be used to warn marine disasters such as storm surge, tsunami and so on.
Improve Met-ocean prediction through identifying uncertainties and filling gaps
Preethika Jayakody, Sri Lanka Department of Meteorology 383, Bauddhaloka Mawatha, Colombo 07, Sri Lanka Phone 94714478473 94112698311email [email protected]
Sri Lanka is an Island in the Indian Ocean to the South of India with a long coastal line of 1340km. Met Ocean predictions are highly needed for diverse community of public in Sri Lanka. The Department of Meteorology (DOM) has major responsibility for issue advisories, bad weather warnings for state of the sea and Tsunami.
The DOM has established marine Meteorology unit with a few Meteorologist in 2015. Presently DOM are using products of Indian National Center For Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Satellite Imageries, some products of ECMWF ,QUIKSCAT data and wind data around the Island by using WRF as well. Government of India developed an integrated high resolution ocean forecasting system for Sri Lanka through INCOIS, Hyderabad and regional Integrated Multi-hazard Early warning Systems (RIMES). Finally daily weather forecast is issued including sea area forecast and some graphical products are available in DOM face book page only.
Atmospheric and couple Ocean Observations are required to understand actual status of the Ocean. DOM gather met-ocean data by ships and satellite only. Presently sea area forecast and advisories mainly target fisher folk and this can be improve to find out locate areas of abundant fish. Accurate sea state information will helps to the entry and exit of the vessels to the ports. That information is important for recreational tourism at the sea side as well.
A rugged and endless beaches are around the Sri Lanka needs different spatial and temporal types of sea conditions. But the prediction encountered difficulties with unknown geographical conditions and sea currents. Graphical products of DOM needs to upload web regularly. DOM needs to run atmospheric Ocean couple model with high resolution and more observation data. Development of standard Operating procedures for warnings are important. It is essential to develop user friendly dissemination mechanism to reach the forecast and warning to the general public.
This paper describe how to improve met Ocean predictions through identifying uncertainties and filling gaps of DOM met Ocean prediction.
Identifying the Indonesian Troughflow (ITF) water masses in the Eastern Indian Ocean during the Indonesia PRIMA 2017 Cruise
Siswanto Siswanto, Indonesia
Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics Jakarta, Indonesia Jalan Angkasa I No.2 Jakarta 10720 Phone 6285880359528 62216546318 [email protected]
and: Kusmanto Edi, Indonesia; Riama Nelly Florida, Indonesia
Subsurface ocean up to 1000m depth has been conducted during the Indonesia PRIMA 2017 Cruise by launching CTD instrument. There were seven CTDs stations in which lie on the path of South Equatorial Current (SEC) as in the conceptual model. This paper explores these subsurface data e.g. temperature and salinity, to investigate the possible appearance of ITF water masses in the Eastern Indian Ocean in particularly after joining the SEC. The analysis shows that after comparison with the subsurface profile of Makassar Strait at 100-150m depth, a similar (almost identical) water masses properties is found consistently with and can be identified as the penetrated ITF water mass into Indian Ocean.
Study on frame construction of monitoring and forecasting system for tidal energy test site
Wu He, China
National Ocean Technology Centre No. 219, Jieyuanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin [email protected] and: Guowei Wu, China; Yanan Wu, China; O Bai, China
The sea state test is the key link for engineering sample to scale production for tidal turbines. However，the testing work is always accompanied by large investment，complex engineering and high risk in different fields, such as marine engineering and installation maintenance. At present, a great number of test sites for tidal turbines with much experience of the construction and operation of these platform, one successful example of which is EMEC(the European Marine Energy Centre), have been built in western developed countries. These test sites have established an effective operation technology and management system, and have formed a high evaluation ability of tidal turbines and also promoted the development of tidal power industry.
During the operation of the marine energy test site, the spatial and temporal variation of tidal energy resource is one of the most remarkable characteristics. So the accurate grasp and prediction of the hydrographic and meteorological environment, such as current, wave, tide and weather, are very basic and significant for the test works of the marine energy convertors. Therefore, based on the relational database and the GIS, the conception of dynamic environmental monitoring and forecasting system for the ocean energy test is proposed. The design of functional structure and construction deployment are described. Based on the Real-time hydrological and meteorological monitoring, the ocean dynamic numerical modelling is used to predict the hydrological and meteorological environment of the test site. According to the test standards from IEC TC114, resource characteristics of ocean energy in test site, especially near the test berth, are analyzed. Then results from above are accurately described and displayed with the GIS technology, which provided important environmental information and scientific evidence for the assessment of the tidal turbines efficiency and the arrangement, maintenance, overhaul of equipment in marine energy test site.
Barrier of the eddy kinetic energy transport and evolution of an anticyclonic eddy near the Luzon Strait
Xiaodi Kuang, China
National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, China 8#, Dahuisi Street ,Haidian District, Beijing [email protected]
and: ZHANG Yunfei, China; ZHAO Fu,China
25 years(1993-2014)of the new released (1o/4, daily)merged sea level anomaly(MSLA)data obtained from Archiving Validation and Interpretation of Satellite 0ceanographic data(AVISO)are utilized to analyze the propagation of the SLA signal and eddy kinetic energy(EKE) near the Luzon Strait(LS)(18o-23oN,116o-126oE), and the trajectories of meso-scale eddies are tracked. The results indicate that it is rare for EKE to propagate from the northwestern Pacific into the South China Sea (SCS) through the LS. Both the sea level anomaly(SLA) and EKE signals are discontinuous near the LS(121o-122oE)while propagating westward which is supported by the tracking of eddies near LS．The band-pass filtered SLA and EKE data in the section 18o-22.5 o N, 106 o-133
o E with the periods of 1~3 month，3~6 month and 330~390 d, imply that for different period bands, signals from the Northwestern Pacific propagate into the SCS through the LS with different blocking patterns, westward propagation velocity and forcing mechanisms.
Therefore, hindcast data of Chinese Global Operational Forecasting System (CGOFS1.0) are analyzed to study the three-dimensional characteristics and evolution of an anticyclonic eddy(AE) west to Luzon strait during October to December 2006. Energy analysis is applied to study the evolution procedure of the AE, which illustrate that though originated from the Kuroshio intrusion region in the Luzon Strait, instead of shedding or westward moving in previous studies, the barotropic and baroclinic instability introduced by the Kuroshio intrusion appear to be the crucial energy sources for this AE.
JOINT WMO/IOC TECHNICAL COMMISSION FOR OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE METEOROLOGY
Marine Technical Conference (TECO) Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, 23 to 24 October 2017
JCOMM-5/TECO
TOWARD AN INTEGRATED METOCEAN MONITORING, FORECASTING AND SERVICE SYSTEM
from Monday 23 to Tuesday 24 October 2017
ABSTRACTS OF POSTER PRESENTATIONS (RESERVE)
87
Study Of Effect Of Southerly Surge To Ocean Waves In East Indian Ocean
Achmad Raflie Pahlevi, Indonesia
BMKG (Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysic Agency) Yos Sudarso Street No.64 Bandar Lampung 35243 Phone +62 81289693679 email [email protected]
The East Indian Ocean is an area of the ocean that is directly close to Indonesia Maritime Continent. At the time of Asian monsoon (April - September) the wave height in the East Indian Ocean is relatively low. There are certain moments in wave height increasing in the East Indian Ocean on Asian monsoon period, which is caused by southerly surge phenomenon. Southerly surge is a meteorological phenomenon occurring in Western Australia. The southerly surge is characterized by rising wind velocity in Western Australia with meridional wind velocity at 850 mb layer reaching 11 m/s. This condition is caused by the weakness of the east-west pressure gradient on the west coast of Australia. This study uses wave height data from altimetry satellites i.e. JASON-1, Envisat, JASON-2, and Cryosat-2 satellites, which will be processed and distributed by AVISO (Archiving, Validation, and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic Data). From this research, it was found that when the occurrence of southerly surge, wind in the East Indian Ocean moved from the Southeast with a strong wind speed. This strong wind caused an increase in wave height in the East Indian Ocean.
The Effect of Shallow Water Calculation in JMA MRI III Wave Simulation during Typhoon Sonamu and Typhoon Shanshan 2013
Ambun Dindang Malaysian Meteorological Department Jalan Sultan, 46667, Petaling Jaya Selangor, MALAYSIA Phone 60379542461 60379540576 email [email protected]
and: Mat Adam Mat Kamaruzaman, Malaysia; K Chang Nursalleh, Malaysia; Abdullah Muhammad Helmi, Malaysia
The newly upgrade physics of shallow water effect of the internal structure for third generation ocean-wind wave model MRI-III Shallow Water Mode (WS), was implemented to simulate the wave condition in the region of South China Sea (SCS) during the typhoon season in 2013 (Sonamu 3/1/2013-8/1/2013 and Shanshan 21/2/2013-22/2/2013). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of the Shallow Water Mode (WS) as compared to Deep Water Mode (WD) of the wave model MRI-III in simulating the significant wave height (SWH) characteristic. The JMA MRI-III wave model was simulated using the ECMWF Reanalysis (ERA-Interim) at 1.0-degree resolution 6 hourly 10- meter wind data to simulate the wave condition within the two month period. The SWH from MRI-III WS and WD was compared to the Archiving, Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic (AVISO) altimetry data over the 18 location in SCS. The simulation result was also compared to the Layang-Layang buoy (LB) observation that is located in the SCS (about 300 km north-west from Kota Kinabalu). For validation purpose with satellite data, the model result generally tally with the measured values, but there was some underestimation of the model SWH, which was indicated by the negative values of the mean errors at all 18 selected locations. The model was relatively correlated with observation measurement for both WS and WD, as shown by the correlation coefficient (CC) values for 18 different locations, which were between 0.60 and 0.93. Meanwhile, the validation with LB shows that the WS performed well over the WD, for both the coarse grid (CG) and fine grid (FG) resolutions. The model errors for WD for FG resolution are 1.76 (RMSE) and 0.64 (CC), respectively. Meanwhile, WS are compared to the measured buoy data especially for the FG resolution with its RMSE is0.21, and its CC is 0.80, which indicate that the improvement of the MRI-III, WS wave model significantly improves the wave simulation accuracy in SCS region with the newly introduced shallow water effect in the wave evolution calculation.
89
Assessment of monthly variations of carbon dioxide distribution in Indonesia using GOSAT data
Andi Besse Rimba, Indonesia; Center for Remote Sensing and Ocean Science (CReSOS) Udayana University Email [email protected]
and: Osawa Takahiro, Indonesia; Swardika Ketut
Global warming and climate change have been studied as the most critical challenges of the 21st century. Greenhouse Gases Observation Satellite (GOSAT) monitors the concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) in the atmosphere column from the earth’s surface to the upper atmosphere. In this studyh, GOSAT satellite level 4 data and meteorological parameters were used in the assessment of changes in CO2 distribution from 2009 to 2015 in Indonesia. We investigated the relationship between XCO2 and meteorological parameters (temperature and precipitation) obtained from weather stations and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the year 2015 in Indonesia. The results reveal a constant enhance in the mean atmospheric CO2 concentration. It was observed that the CO2 varied significantly depending on the month. The correlation between CO2 and average monthly air temperature is positive, which means that a reduction in CO2 with an increase in temperature is dependent on the vegetation. These findings are useful for recognizing factors that affect CO2 concentration in different regions, and as an initial step toward sustainable management
Characteristics of Air-sea Turbulent Transport over Bohai Gulf during Summer Monsoon
Bin Gui Wu, China
Tianjin Municipal Meteorological Bureau qixiangtai road, hexi region ,tianjin, china ,300074 [email protected]
and: Lin Yi, China
During early-mid August 2011, an integrated observation campaign aiming at the meteorological and oceanographic（met-ocean） characteristics and air-sea turbulent transport was conducted on the A-Platform over Bohai Gulf. The observation data were analyzed to reveal the basic met-ocean characteristics of Bohai Gulf under summer monsoon. The friction velocity, momentum and heat fluxes in the marine surface layer were calculated using the eddy covariance method, and analyzed together with the surface wind speed, difference between atmosphere temperature (AT) and sea surface temperature (SST), also considering the feature of waves.
The results indicated that, the relative humidity of Bohai surface air was generally larger than 60%, without any significant diurnal variation. The diurnal curve of the AT was unimodal, while that of the SST was M-type. South-eastern wind dominated in summer with the wind speed lower than 8 m/s, i.e. weak or medium wind strength. The wave strength levels were generally below 3 with more swell waves than wind waves, and the latter usually caused more momentum transport, larger difference between AT and SST, and less heat transport than the former type of waves. The heights of wind waves were positively related to wind speeds, and stronger winds would lead to the increased AT-SST difference, decreased instability of the lower atmosphere and sensible heat transport, however the latent heat and momentum transports would be strengthened. In the observation duration, the mean momentum, sensible and latent heat turbulent fluxes were 0.21kg•m-1•s-2、21.6、27.8 W/m-2, respectively, which were much less than that of the summer South China Sea.
An Application Test of Coastal Gust Prediction Based on the Factors of Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Bo Hu, China
Zhejiang Meteorological Observatory genshan road 73 ,Hangzhou China [email protected]
Using the wind data of four stations in Zhoushan islands and corresponding ERA-interim data during 2008-2016 years, the relationships between gust factors and mean wind speed, direction, and its climate characteristics in hours and months are analyzed. Then, the relationships between the gust factors and the atmospheric stability, the ratio of wind velocity to 10m wind velocity, and the 6 hours variation of temperature at different heights of the boundary layer are calculated. Finally, by selecting the best prediction factors, the gust forecast is carried out according to combinations of different factors based on the BP neural network. The conclusions are obtained: 1)The climate statistics show that the variation of the gust factors corresponding to smaller average wind velocity is larger. The gust factors of the sites near mainland , where the surface roughness is larger, are relatively larger. The air flows from the land direction are affected more obviously by topography than that from the sea direction, and the corresponding gust factors are larger. 2)The correlations between the gust factors and the ratio between wind velocity at 250-1000m and 10m wind speed pass through 0.01 reliability test. It proved that the main cause of gust is the vertical turbulent transport of momentums.The correlation between the gust factors and the atmospheric stability index at 500m is best. 3)The results of test indicate that the importance rank of the factors should be the ratio of 500m wind speed to 10m wind speed, the air stability index from the ground to 500m height, 6 hours variation of temperature at 1000m,the average wind speed. The gust absolute errors and its variances of the optimum test group and the comparison group are compared. The absolute errors of four stations are decreased by 12-25%, and the variances of absolute error are reduced by 10-25%.
Data Buoy Vandalism in Our Oceans: Why It Matters for Climate and Weather Data
Brittany Croll, United States of America NOAA Email [email protected]
and: McArthur Shannon, United States of America; Venkatesan R., India
Data buoys collect in-situ oceanographic and meteorological data that are critical to a wide user community of government, academic, industry, and public stakeholders. The marine transportation industry, the tourism industry, fisheries, the military, public health officials, and coastal and emergency managers are among numerous stakeholders who rely on observations from data buoys.These ocean observations are used in multiple applications including strengthening the quality and accuracy of severe and routine weather forecasting; understanding, assessing, predicting, mitigating, and adapting to climate variability and change; forecasting disasters like tsunamis and tropical cyclones, reducing loss of life, property, and ecosystem damage from natural and human-induced disasters; improving coastal ocean circulation models; and environmental and ecosystem monitoring and research. Failure to maintain a sustainable network of data buoys puts the health of our oceans and estuaries in jeopardy. Unfortunately, these ocean observing systems are at risk due to the intentional or unintentional impacts and vandalism. Data buoy vandalism is a critical, but not well known issue that impacts the integrity of our climate and weather data worldwide. It is estimated that over half of these systems have been damaged at least once since deployment (some many times). The purpose of this presentation is to increase awareness about the importance of data buoys and about the impacts that data buoy vandalism has on these systems. The presentation will also focus on the opportunities for reducing vandalism including: (1) regulatory policy and enforcement; (2) engineering and technical modifications to buoy systems to enhance situational awareness and impede third party interference; and (3) the development and distribution of outreach and education materials to inform stakeholders about the societal benefits of data buoy and the impacts of buoy vandalism.
and: HUANG Xinqing, China; PAN Jinsong, China; LUO Ling, China
A successive raining index (SRI) defined by the lasting days of raining events occurring at Zhejiang province of China in Autumn (September-November) from 1975 to 2013 is utilized to analysis the relationship between the successive raining days in Zhejiang province (SRD for short hereafter) and the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) at Nino-3 region. The correlation coefficient is over 99% reliability test between SRI and SSTA, which presents a close positive teleconnection between the SRI and SSTA in Nino-3. Further analysis show that the development of SSTA in Nino-3 region and propagation westward to Nino-4 region is a key process to result in the increase of SRI.
The dynamics between the increase of SRI and SSTA in Nino-3 region are elucidated by analysis of one RSI case resulted from the propagation of convection generated at Nino-3 and Nino-4 regions and the 3-D atmospheric circulation evolution based on the outward longwave radiation (OLR) data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis with horizontal resolution of 0.5×0.5 degrees. Results show that convective systems occurred at Nino-3 and Nino-4 regions propagate westward in the way of equatorial Rossby wave and propagate northward in the manner of Inertial-gravity wave. The westward propagation convection systems meet eastward propagated convective clouds from Arabic sea at the maritime continents from Bay of Bengal to South China Sea and develop locally. The convective systems developing effect is enhanced by the intensification and westward movement of Northwest Pacific Subtropical High induced by the propagation of convective systems from Nino-3 and Nino-4 regions. And the developed convective systems move to northward or northeast and arrive at Zhejiang province finally, which interact with the west wind trough from mid-latitude and maintain for a long time to induce the increase of SRI.
Drifter SST measurements, past, present and future: a collaboration between ESA, EUMETSAT and the DBCP
David Meldrum, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Scottish Association for Marine Science DunstaffnageOban PA37 1QAScotland - UK Email [email protected]
and: Donlon Craig, Netherlands; O'Carroll Anne, Germany; Turton Jon, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
The satellite community has for many years relied on the free availability of drifter Sea Surface Temperature (SST) observations for the validation of its SST retrievals. Unfortunately the implementation and funding of drifter SST has until now been focused on meeting the needs of the numerical weather prediction and climate study centres, and not the space community. As a result, drifter SST falls short of the expectations and desires of that community in many ways, including accuracy, resolution, geolocation and the availability of metadata.
Collaboration between the Group for High Resolution SST (GHRSST) and the Data Buoy Co-operation Panel (DBCP) is addressing these shortcomings in a number of ways, and has been augmented by specific funded actions within ESA and EUMETSAT. This paper will concentrate on the outcomes to date of an ESA-funded activity to better define the traceability of the current and historical drifter SST record, and to achieve wide consensus on best practice for the future.
Teleconnection phase of moon and rainfall in Papua Island
Dony Christianto, Indonesia
BMKG Sentani, Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia Phone 6285244292500 [email protected]
and: Pratama Bayu Edo, Indonesia
In the tropics, especially on the Indonesian maritime continent, rain is very frequent. This is due to the strong local and regional influence. Especially in the Timika area, which is the region with the highest rainfall in Indonesia. The number of rainy days in this area reaches 95% in each year.
Using data from 6 Surface Automated Observation Stations, located from the beach to the top of Jayawijaya mountain with a distance of 100 Km. There is a pattern between the amount of rainfall and the moon cycle. Where rain tends to increase when the phase of the moon dies and the full moon phase. In addition, there is also a difference in the power of influence that occurs between observation stations on the beach and observation stations located in the mountains.
Wyrtki Jets Flow Characteristics Related To Zonal Wind In The Equatorial Indian Ocean
Eko Supriyadi, Indonesia Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Jl. Angkasa I No. 2, Jakarta Pusat, 10720 Phone 62214246321 62214246703 email [email protected] and: Surendra Oky, Indonesia; Putri Mahardiani, Indonesia; Siswanto Siswanto, Indonesia
The physical interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere in the Indian Ocean are closely related to the resulting monsoon pattern whereby this pattern further affects the Wyrtki currents occurring on the equatorial surface of the Indian Ocean moving eastward. This research explores the wirtky jets by using observational data buoy from RAMA networks and ECMWF reanalysis. The results show that the Wyrtki current is stronger during the first monsoon transition period in March to May compared to the second transitional season in September to November.
In association with zonal winds, the spatial and temporal variations of the Wyrtki current along the equator is generated during the monsoon transitional period I and II in which correspond to the resulting west wind.
Ocean-Meteorological Measurements form Spanish Research Vessels.
Elena Tel, Spain Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia (IEO) "C/ Corazon de Maria, 828002-Madrid (Spain) Email: [email protected] and: LAVIN Alicia, Spain; GONZALEZ Alejandro, Spain; GONZALEZ-NUEVO Gonzalo, Spain;
Systematic collection of meteorological variables has been part of scientific surveys since their beginnings. Nowadays, automatic instrumentation, log devices and satellite communication improvements allow new approaches in the acquisition and use of these data that were unforeseen some years ago. The two big marine research Spanish institutions runs a research fleet equipped with automatic recording meteorological stations that sample atmospheric pressure, temperature and wind speed and direction, as well as humidity and solar radiation. These vessels are also equipped with termosalinometers that, in the same sampling basis, measure sub-surface seawater temperature, salinity and fluorometry (intrinsically related to the Chlorophyll content and phytoplacton concentration). All these information is key importance in order to perform oceanographic research studies as air-sea interaction, ocean climate variability, seawater fronts or upwelling between others, but furthermore they can also be useful for meteorological forecasts and climate assessments. In the last years, strong efforts have been developed in the pursuit of the better reuse of these data. Today, they are daily available for operational purposes.
Data cover different areas, depending on the research activity scheduled, but usually they are outside the main shipping lines. National coastal and platform areas are repeatedly sampled each station and each year, but also the Antarctic area (BIO Hesperides) or the Macaronesian waters are visited at least once a year in the framework of several research projects.
At it is expected that trends towards automation will continued in the coming years, improvements in data quality procedures, availability and visibility of these information will increase. It will turn out to provide better services, not only to national enquiries but to social demands as tourism of industrial sectors.
Change of Sea Fog in The Beibu Gulf and its Connection With Atmospheric Boundary Layer Characteristics
Fengqin Zheng, China Guangxi Meteorological Service Center No. 81, national Avenue, Nanning, Guangxi Email [email protected]
and: Luo Xiao-Li, China; Zeng Peng, China; Li Zhong-Yi, China
Based on six ground meteorological observation data and sounding data of Guangxi Beibu Gulf for the time period 1981-2016，and historical data of sea fog at island station and buoy station，it was analyzedthe that of climatic characteristics，seasonal variation，geographical distribution and duration of sea fog ．Then，atmospheric boundary layer characteristics include Inversion，stability and mixing layer height were utilized to explore the possible reasons for the change of sea fog．The results show that：the sea fog occurrence frequency increases at most stations in Beibu Gulf of Guangxi，as a whole, sea fog in most stations decreased in 1980s, and fluctuated slowly since 1990s. The frequency of fog in the west was higher than that in the east．The occurrence frequencies of sea fog is very high from January to April and December，with the most fog days in March．The production time of fog is mostly concentrated from the middle of the night to the morning，especially in the morning. The duration of sea fog is mainly 1 to 3 hours．The secular change of the sea fog, on one hand, is closely related to the emission of pollutants into the air due to rapid economic development and urbanization. On the other hand, the change in sea fog is also significantly influenced by the surface inversion, stable atmospheric stratification．
99
Directional Wave, Currents and Environmental Monitoring from Navigation & Hydrography Buoys: Introduction to MOTUS
Greg Weiss Xylem Analytics, Asia-Pacific Region Email [email protected] and: Tengberg Anders
In this poster we introduce the Aanderaa/Xylem directional wave sensor MOTUS (movement in Latin). MOTUS is a compact, low power accelerometer based sensor that is designed to accurately measure multi-spectrum directional waves from standard hydrography and navigation buoys. An inbuilt feature is its flexibility since it can be adapted to different types of buoys and that it does not need to be placed in the center of gravity of the buoy to work correctly. In case of magnetic disturbances, normally higher at the lower part of a Hydrographic/Navigation buoy where there are more steel parts, an external compass that give correct directional readings can be fitted higher up and be connected to the sensor. Here we present field data that have demonstrated excellent agreements between data from a dedicated circular wave measurement buoy (Datawell Waverider Buoy) and different MOTUS sensors deployed nearby and placed on different buoys. The hydrography/navigation buoys used for field trial of the MOTUS sensor were equipped with standard Aanderaa Doppler Current Sensors which gave high quality current measurements at all wave conditions, with the maximum recorded significant wave heights above 7 m. Since the Doppler Current Profiling Sensor (DCPS) can run in both narrow and broadband mode, we could also demonstrate that using broadband from a platform that is moving is not suitable as it results in noisy and unusable current velocity data.
100
Research of Observing Marine Fog and Retrieving Visibility Based on Millimeter Wave Radar
Guangpu Liu, China Atmospheric Sounding and Technical Support Centre of Fujian Province NO.98,Cangshan District,mFuzhou city,mFujian Province,mChina Email [email protected]
and: Wang Zhenhui, China; Liang Ying, China
The change of retrieved visibility and other micro-physics parameters from marine fogs by analyzing cases during the experiment in Beilun port, Ningbo, Zhejiang in December 2014 and March 2015，we can find the relation between millimeter wave radar reflectivity factor and visibility of fog by comparing these data. In the paper, we first introduce the theoretical principle of millimeter wave radar and visibility meter, then build the relation between the visibility of the sea fog and radar reflectivity by contrasting the millimeter wave radar reflectivity and visibility data. Under certain conditions, the two parameters have an exponential fitting relationship. Finally, we revise and verify the visibility inversion results of the millimeter wave radar, we can get the following collusions:(1) We can get the information of distribution of sea fog, fog intensity change with distance or height by millimeter-wave radar, and the vertical distribution of internal sea fog by radar reflectivity factor. (2) In the marine fogs area, the visibility will reduce when radar reflectivity factor rise and vice versa. In the whole, the millimeter-wave radar reflectivity factor and visibility of sea fog have a well correlation. (3) The inversion and observation of visibility are well consistency and relevance, the revised data are reliable. With revised algorithm, we can improve the data accuracy of sea fog’s visibility inverting from radar reflectivity factor.
101
SMART Subsea Cables: Climate Monitoring and
Disaster Mitigation
Jerome Aucan, France IRD BP A5,98848, Noumea NEW CALEDONIA Email [email protected] and: Meldrum David, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Telecommunication cables are laid on the seafloor across all oceans basins, but they are blind and deaf to their environment. A Joint Task Force sponsored by three UN agencies—International Telecommunication Union, the World Meteorological Organization and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO—is leading an effort for integrating environmental monitoring sensors into transoceanic commercial submarine telecommunication cables, extending their capabilities beyond transoceanic telemetry. These are called SMART Cables – Science Monitoring And Reliable Communications. The initiative addresses two important science and society issues: a) the need for sustained climate-quality data from the oceans; and b) the need to increase the reliability, integrity, and scope of the global tsunami warning network, particularly in the Pacific and Indian Ocean regions. As such the initiative directly addresses high level objectives in all three agencies to improve society’s readiness for and resilience to environmental disasters and climate change. To ‘keep it simple’, the initial focus is upon integrating sensors for temperature, pressure, and acceleration; additional sensing and infrastructure capabilities are considered for the future. Several science workshops have reviewed and endorsed the SMART cable concept and modelling studies are underway; several paths are being pursued for pilot systems. The initiative, currently at the concept stage, has the potential of providing a first order addition to the ocean and earth observing system, with unique contributions that will strengthen and complement existing systems. An overview of the project and the current status and plans will be given. See Joint Task Force (JTF), ITU/WMO/IOC SMART Cables for Observing the Ocean.
102
Extended Simulation of Tropical Cyclone Formation in the Western North Pacific Monsoon Trough
Jingjing Duan, China;
Ningbo Meteorological Observatory of Zhejiang Province No. 118, meteorological Road, Zhejiang, Ningbo Phone 13957820626 email [email protected] and: Wu Liguang, United States of America
Previous studies suggest that the low-frequency background makes an important source of the predictability of tropical cyclone (TC) activity on the intraseasonal time scale by providing large-scale conditions favorable for TC formation. Extended numerical experiments in this study were conducted with the weather research and forecast (WRF) model to demonstrate additional low-frequency influence on TC activity, which results from the role of the low-frequency circulation in the development of the synoptic-scale wave train. The cyclonic circulation of the wave train provides the low-level synoptic-scale disturbances that are necessary for TC formation.
The observed TC formation events during 14 August to 10 September 2004 was first successfully simulated with the initial and lateral conditions derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final (FNL) Operational Global Analysis. Then the 27-day extended experiment was repeated only with the initial and lateral conditions derived from the FNL low-frequency (longer than 20 days) background. It is found that the development of the observed synoptic-scale wave train can be well simulated with TCs forming in the cyclonic circulations of the wave train although the wave length of the simulated wave train is substantially reduced due to the absence of higher-frequency influences. Sensitivity experiments indicate that the development of the wave train is sensitive to the monsoon trough structure. This study suggests that the low-frequency background has an important influence on the development of synoptic-scale wave trains.
Identification Of High Waves In Lombok Strait Caused By Convergence Effect (Case Study Lembar Harbour, 8th-10th February 2017)
Levi Ratnasari, Indonesia
BMKG Jl. Angkasa I No.2 Kemayoran, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta Phone (021) 4246321 (021) 4246703 email [email protected] - [email protected]
The waters of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) are quite complex waters, In the north bordering the teritorial waters of the island of Java, and in the south by the Indian Ocean, To the west is the Lombok strait and the waters of the East bordering the Sepadan strait. The waters of NTB are also known as the area through which the flow of the Indonesian cross (Arlindo) is a stream system that connects the Pacific Ocean with the Indian Ocean (stewart, 2002).Where the current through the Lombok strait so that in the western waters of Lombok is often affected from these conditions, among others, the effect on the wave height in the region. High waves that affect the disruption of the crossing path, and disturbance of fish search by the fishermen. In this research will identify the influence of what caused high wave in the waters of Lombok strait so that impact on the cover of the crossing path between Lembar and Padang Bai ports and the vessel of other small boat vessels to the island tour (gili) in Lombok , on February 8-10 2017. Based on data of analysis result Using wave watch 3 model data showed on February 8 the wave height in lombok strait reached 1.0-2.5 m. On February 9 - 10 februari monitored wave height reached 1.0 - 2.0 m, and from the GSMAP data indicates the presence of a convergence region of the northern and southern portions, due to the low pressure system which tends to become the potential for the emergence of convective clouds that have the effect of downdraft effect on the surrounding waters, thus affecting the high sea waves.
Application of Millimeter Wave Radar in Beilun Port Sea Fog Monitoring
Lijun Hu, China Ningbo Meteorological Network and Equipment Support Center No. 118 Ningbo Meteorological Road, Zhejiang, Ningbo 315012, China Email [email protected]
and: Wang Zhirui, China; Feng Kai, China; Yang Hao, China;
Sea fog is the main weather which affects the safety of navigation and brings great risks for sea transport. Ningbo port，located in the southeast coast and south of the Yangtze River waterway, is the sea fog prone area, especially in the period from April to June. In recent years，we use visibility meter to monitor the sea fog, but due to the limitation of the monitoring principle, we can't realize continuous and accurate observation. And also, it can only get one index, the visibility, but some macroscopic characteristics such as fog thickness and fog scope can not be measured, which also bring some limitations to the measurement of fog. Similarly, the microwave radiometer and droplet spectrometer have also existed the limitations of monitoring scope.
Last year, we have used millimeter wave radar to monitor sea fog at Beilun port area in Ningbo , which is the first time in the country. We have detected several times typical sea fog process. Reflectivity factor of sea fog, especially the sea fog with high humidity, can completely be measured by Millimeter Wave Radar. Meanwhile, the macro physical properties, such as fog thickness, fog scope also can be detected . Compared with the general weather radar, millimeter wave radar wavelength is shorter, so more conducive to the observation of particle diameter smaller droplets. In this paper, we have selected a typical fog process detected by millimeter wave radar located in Beilun port on March 23rd, 2017 as an example to analyze the characteristics of sea fog.
The Impact Of Sea Surface Temperature To The Distribution Of Chlorophyll-A In Sumatera Waters (2002-2016)
Mahardiani Putri Naulia Batubara, Indonesia
Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics Agency St. Angkasa I No. 2 Kemayoran, Central Jakarta Phone 81298145505 email [email protected]
Sea Surface temperature is one of the most important elements in controlling the ocean circulation. The distribution of chlorophyll-a which is a food producer for plankton cannot be separate from the influence of sea surface temperature. Meanwhile, the distribution of chlorophyll-a can also be used as an indicator to determine the level of water fertility. The high concentration of chlorophyll-a can be used to predict the place of fishes, because chlorophyll-a is the producer of food chain in ocean ecosystem. The pattern of chlorophyll-a distribution in Sumatera Waters is investigated by Aqua MODIS satellite data of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA-AVHRR) from July 2002 to December 2016. The pattern of chlorophyll-a concentration is investigated by spatial qualitative analysis method. The result s show an inverse correlation between sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration that indicated by dominantly negative correlation value. Spatially, the highest concentration of chlorophyll-a found in North to Middle Malacca Straits, Riau Waters, Batam-Bintan Waters, Lingga Island Waters, Berhala Straits, and Natuna Sea. While the highest chlorophyll-a concentration temporally found in transition season-II (September, October, November) with the lowest sea surface temperature condition reaching 28-290C and the highest sea surface temperature reaching 30-310C.
106
Climatic Evolution Characteristics Of The Dipole Mode Of Sea Surface Temperature In The Tropical Indian Ocean
Mengxi Yang, China
Taizhou Meteorological Observatory No. 299, Hailing South Road, Hailing District, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province Email [email protected]
and: Hu Ruijin, China; Liu Mei, China;
Based on a total of 49a SODA data from January 1960 to December 2008, the climatic evolution characteristics of the tropical Indian Ocean dipole mode (IODM) of sea surface temperature are studied. The main results are as follows: (1) The IODM spatial patterns derived from the moving EOF (empirical orthogonal function) with 1a interval and 10a length do not always show the well-known distribution of the east-west dipole, but has an evolution from a south-north dipole to an east-west one. (2) In the case of the south-north dipole, the SST north (south) of 10°S shows overall warming (cooling). For the east-west dipole, meanwhile, the SST in the tropical eastern (western) IO shows alternate variations of warming (cooling) and cooling (warming) on quasi-decadal timescales. (3) There are also four quasi-decadal variations in IODM, occurring in 1976, 1987, 1994 and 2005 respectively. (4) There is a reverse trend between the variance rate of the second mode (the IODM) and that of the first mode, in moving EOF.
Development of low-cost submersible temperature data logger Natchanon Amornthammarong , United States of America AOML/NOAA and CIMAS/UM 4301 Rickenbacker causeway, Miami, FL 33149 Phone 1-305-361-4537 email [email protected] and: Hendee James, United States of America
Temperature is an important factor to consider when assessing water quality. It influences several other parameters and can alter the physical and chemical properties of water. In addition, water temperature can affect the metabolic rates and biological activity of aquatic organisms. Some organisms, such as aquatic plants, flourish in warmer temperatures, while some fishes such as trout or salmon prefer colder streams. Water that is too warm is usually considered to be more dangerous to aquatic life than cold water. Water that is too cold will affect the biological processes and metabolic rates of aquatic organisms. The more and higher accuracy data, the more abnormal fluctuations can be detected and addressed. Recently, Dr. Amornthammarong has developed low-cost underwater temperature data logger for long-term monitoring shallow ocean waters that has an accuracy of +/-0.05 C, can remain submerged for over six months without a change of its AA batteries, and costs about $15 in parts. This low cost sensor (comparable with a commercial sensor at ~$130) has the potential to enable wide geographic coverage for acquiring long-term, high-accuracy data sets to better characterize the course of daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations. Currently, Dr. Amornthammarong has been granted a provisional patent for this technology. This project is part of a larger effort by Jim Hendee's Coral Health and Monitoring Program (CHAMP) to understand sea temperature at the scales and depths where corals and other coastal benthic organisms really experience it.
108
Smart Ocean-Smart Industries: A Global Program to Use Commercial
Vessels and Platforms of Opportunity for Metocean Data Paul Holthus, United States of America World Ocean Council 3035 Hibiscus Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii USA 96815 Phone 18082779008 email [email protected] The need to better document and monitor the ocean has never been greater, as government and scientific institutions increasingly have limited facilities and resources to collect data. Shipping, offshore oil/gas and other industries, e.g. ferries, fisheries, offshore wind, operate thousands of vessels and platforms. These provide major potential for cost effectively collecting data. A comprehensive structure and process is needed to engage industry to scale up the level of data collecting from ships/platforms of opportunity and expand the spatial and temporal extent of observations.
The World Ocean Council (WOC) “Smart Ocean-Smart Industries” (SO-SI) program is establishing a platform/portal to facilitate and coordinate efficient, cost effective collaboration between the scientific/ocean observing community and shipping and other ocean industries in collecting oceanic and atmospheric information. The SO-SI goal is for leadership companies from a range of ocean industries to collaborate with the scientific community in the systematic, regular, sustained and integrated collection and reporting of standardized data for input to operational and scientific programs that improve the safety and sustainability of commercial activities at sea and contribute to maintaining and improving ocean health. The program is being developed in collaboration with national and international ocean observations programs and existing voluntary observation programs.
The SO-SI program brings together representatives from: a) shipping, oil/gas, ferries, offshore wind, fisheries, etc; b) marine technology, instrumentation, IT/communications; c) international and national oceanographic/metrological organizations; and d) existing voluntary observation programs. The SO-SI program is developing a shared understanding of the need and opportunity for industry data collection, reviewing ocean industry data gathering experience to date, identifying constraints and opportunities for expanding industry involvement in data collection, designing the structure and process for linking science and industry to advance voluntary observations, developing the roadmap and workplan for increased data collection, and implementing pilot projects.
109
Metocean Analysis Of Bali Strait Condition On The Strand Of Pratitha Iv And Karya Maritim Iii Ship
Putu Hadi Wiguna Pande, Indonesia BMKG Ngurah Rai Denpasar Jalan Ratna no.54 Denpasar Bali Phone 6281339599952 and: Kadek Setiya Wati, Indonesia; Setiawan Fajar, Indonesia
Bali strait is a maritime connector between Java and Bali. This strait connects 2 harbours which are Gilimanuk Harbour in Bali and Ketapang Harbour in Banyuwangi. Because of the crucial character in supporting huge sectors of Balinese Economy, this strait is so important to be noticed. Sea conditions have been affected by kinds of factors where one of them are weather factor. Several times ago the conditions of Bali Strait got disruption that caused the strand of Pratitha IV and Karya Maritim III Ship in 1st and 2nd June 2017. The strands were caused by strong wind that caused high wave and strong sea current that carried the ship to shallow area. To ensure that information, analysis on wind, air pressure, wave, swell, synoptic observations, satellite and radars of BMKG were made. The result shows that air mass flew into low pressure area on Indian Ocean on west of Java. Australian monsoon moved fast in about 10-14 knots that caused significant wave heights up to 1.25-2.0 metres and maximum wave heights were 2.0=3.0 metres. While sea surface current generally flew to Sout East in about 0.05-0.70 m/s. Satellite image and radar didn’t show any significant cloud and rain on location. Based on general analysis, heavily blowing wind became main cause of the ships strand. This wid was caused by Easterly wind that flew in high speed above Bali Strait while ships strand. In the future, data availability in high resolutions would be accessable so that a better analysis can be made.
110
Observation and Analysis of Tidal and Residual Current in the North Yellow Sea in the spring
Qinsheng Miao, China; National marine data and information service Tianjin, 300171 [email protected]
and: YANG Yang, China; Dong Mingmei, China
Current characteristics in the North Yellow Sea (NYS) were analyzed based on the observations of 4moored ADPs, results show that tidal current is the main features and M2 is the main constituent, shallow waterconstituents are obvious in the near-shore area, and tidal current ellipse directions have relations with topography.
Residual currents in the Bohai Strait point to the Bohai Sea interior and the magnitude have a connection withterrain. Residual current in south NYS can be divided into two layers, energy of residual current only accounts forabout 13% of the total energy. Barotropic eddy kinetic energy plays a major role and the average in NYS accountsfor 87%, baroclinic mean kinetic energy is larger in north NYS, in other regions barotropic mean kinetic energy take the leading position.
Impacts of 11-year Solar Cycle on Indonesian Rainfall and its Mechanism
Qun Zhou, China
National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center 8 Dahuisi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China Phone 8618001331500,00 email [email protected]
The variations of the solar activity have a significant impact on the global climate change and an increasing concern has been give to the climate responses of the 11-year solar cycle. The interannual relationship between the Indonesian rainfall and the ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) /NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) during different phases of the solar activity are analyzed. During LS (low solar activity) winter, the ENSO-Indonesian climate relationship is robust and significant. There is a typical east-west rainfall dipole pattern with wet conditions in Sumatra and dry conditions in Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku and east Irian, which can be explained by the anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific. However, during HS (high solar activity) winter, the rainfall anomalies are much less closely associated with ENSO. The possible mechanism for this solar modulation may be the change in the tropospheric circulation with ENSO in both tropical and extratropical regions. These circulation anomalies result from the more pronounced ENSO-related SST anomalies during LS phases and the related variations of the large-scale Walker circulation. Additionally, the analysis of the time-lag relationship between spring NAO and the following summer rainfall indicates that during LS cases a positive NAO event is usually accompanied by negative rainfall anomalies over the whole Indonesia. The related circulation variations tend to be enhanced throughout the troposphere with the spatial structure of NAO extending more hemispheric. By contrast, during HS cases, both the NAO-related SLP oscillation and summertime precipitation anomalies tend to be reduced. The possible physical mechanism can be attributed to the change of the meridional local Hadley circulation and the zonal propagation of the wave-train resulting from the tripole SST pattern in North Atlantic. Therefore, the 11- year solar cycle variation should be taken into consideration when the ENSO/NAO is used to predict the rainfall anomalies in Indonesia.
Opportunities and challenges of met-ocean observations –
Adriatic sea
Rebac Dijana Klaric, Croatia Meteorological and Hydrological Service of Croatia Gric 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Phone +385 91 4564 616 [email protected]
Meteorological and hydrological service of Croatia (abb. DHMZ) hosts the WIS marine DCPC, dedicated to sub-regional Mediterranean area of Adriatic Sea, named AMMC (Adriatic Marine Meteorological Center). One of the AMMC task is dedicate to sub-regional marine WIGOS center, as the preparatory step for the operative WIGOS activities at WMO RA VI. The paper is related to the recent activities AMMC: how the AMMC fit into regional WIGOS operative plans at RAVI; are the European meteorological and met-ocean observation system heading to the integration system from perspective of standards (WMO, IMO), data formats and time-frame demands; how the data could be push and pulled for the purpose of marine traffic and coastal area safety.
Paper will give the short overview of WMO Workshop for Regional Association VI (RA-VI) with focus on marine meteorological and oceanographic observing requirements, held in Split, Croatia, 5-7 September 2016. The recent AMMC actions related to the real-time met-ocean disseminations will be presented (the examples of E-SURFMAR and AIS protocols).
Paper would like to provoke the question of marine data formats and dissemination in the practice, in relation to ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) data formats and accessibility.
MJO as an intra-seasonal variation that has significant effect to precipitation, atmospheric convections, and surface temperature over the tropical region is explored in this study. The aim of this paper is to find the characteristic of atmospheric convectivity during active MJO phase at the end of February 2017 in the Eastern Indian Ocean, where Indonesia Prima cruise was conducted by BMKG.
Radiosonde data over the ocean from that cruise and surface observation from meteorological station along the west coast of Sumatra are used to explore atmospheric convectivity. Complementary data from TRMM and Satellite Himawari are also being analysed. Preliminary result shows that during active MJO phase in the Eastern Indian Ocean, the convectivity is related to atmospheric profiles that show a thin CAPE. The thin CAPE is mainly observed over the island, reducing from morning time to afternoon.
114
The possible impact of North Atlantic warming on recent amplification of dipole Eurasian winter snowfall pattern
Ruonan Zhang, China Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University No. 220, Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China Phone 086+15101052943 [email protected]
and: Sun Chenghu, China; Li Weijing, China; Zhu Jieshun, United States of America
The basin warming footprint of the North Atlantic is detected in the recent amplification of west-east dipole anomaly pattern of Eurasian snow cover variability, which is supported by numerical experiments with the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3.1). The simulations suggest that the basin-wide warming of Atlantic SSTs induce the atmospheric anomalies by exciting a stationary Rossby wave train, which prorogates from subtropical North Atlantic Ocean to the mid-high latitude of Eurasian continent. Along with the Rossby wave train, a blocking ridge occurs over the Ural Mountain, and an upper level trough appears over the eastern Siberian plateau, which promotes the light snowfall over western Siberian plateau, and heavy snowfall over the Eastern Asian. Thus, it is plausible that the North Atlantic Ocean warming plays a role in the recent resurgence of west-east dipole snow cover anomaly pattern in the mid-high latitude of Eurasian continent.
A Study on Tropical Cyclones’ Formation Frequency and their Intensity in the North India Ocean over 1945-2015
Sarfaraz Sarfaraz, Pakistan
Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics (IMG)-Pakistan Meteorological Department IMG, Pakistan Meteorological Department, Met HQ Camp Office, University Road Karachi- 75270 Phone +92 21 99261408 +92 21 99261405 email [email protected]
Tropical cyclone (TC) is one of the most destructive weather phenomena having potential of damaging the human lives and societal infrastructure across the Atlantic, Pacific and the Indian oceans’ basins. The human population inhabiting the coastal regions is vulnerable to the wrath of this violent weather event and under the influence of the changing climate scenario this vulnerability has become an enhanced risk now. The North Indian Ocean (NIO) rim countries having high population density are exposed to more pronounced threat than anywhere else. Hence an increase and/or decrease in the tropical cyclones formation frequency and intensity are directly linked with the safety of millions of people residing along the NIO coast. In this paper, TC formation frequency and intensity (with respect to maximum sustained winds) in the NIO has been studied for the period 1945–2015. The results show that TCs formation frequency has significantly declined (from 14.8/year to 4.9/year) over the study period but the cyclone’s intensity with respect to maximum sustained winds has an increasing trend, which consequently may pose more pronounced potential threat to the NIO coastal region. Because of their distinctively large varying TC frequencies, the North Arabian Sea (NAS) and Bay of Bengal (BOB) are separately studied too to see what trend emerges out and how can we rate this enhanced vulnerability to the Pakistan coastal shelf.
Review Of Sea Parameters' Condition At Bau Nyale Ceremony At Lombok (Case Study February 2017)
Setiya Wati Kadek, Indonesia
BMKG Stasiun Meteorologi BIL - Praya Jalan HOS Cokroaminoto Gang Bhineka I/1 Mataram Phone 6281907050693 email [email protected]
and: Pande Putu Hadi Wiguna, Indonesia; Yushar Rahma Fauzia, Indonesia
Bau Nyale is one of Lombok traditional culture which has been known in both of international and national scale. In this ceremony, the local community capture sea worms which known as 'nyale' in a rollicking manner. Bau Nyale is usually held twice a year in February and March and take place at southern part of Central Lombok coast. In 2017, the peak of this ceremony is held for two days, dated at 16th and 17th of February 2017. Because of its unique occurence, a scientific review is written about the water's condition when the ceremony is held. Parameters which are used in this review consist of: sea surface temperature data (SST) which is acquired from NOAA model (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration); A-chlorophyll data from MODIS satellite (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometre); and sea surface current data from OSCAR model (Ocean Surface Current Analysis Real-time). Each parameters' review indicates an increase of SST around southern Central Lombok water started from 10th of February 2017. This condition reached its peak at 20th of February 2017 and after that tended to decrease until the end of February 2017. The increase of SST is followed by an increase of A-chlorophyll which is monitored since 10th of February 2017. The highest concentration of A-chlorophyll occured at southern coast of Central Lombok in 17th of February 2017. Sea current along the southern coast of Central Lombok move parallel to coast ranging from east - southeast to west. The parameters' review also indicates an upwelling occurence on the southern coast of Central Lombok. This upwelling phenomenon causes an abundance of food sources that trigger the emergence of nyale worms.
and: Wu Zhiwei, China; He Jinhai, China; Chen Hua, China
The sea surface temperature (SST) or sea level pressure (SLP) has usually been used to measure the strength of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. In this study, two new indices, based on the upper-ocean heat content (HC), are proposed to quantify the two “flavours” of El Niño (i.e., the Cold Tongue El Niño (CTE) and Warm Pool El Niño (WPE)). Compared with traditional SST or SLP indices, the new HC-based indices can distinguish CTE and WPE events much better and also represent the two leading modes of the interannual variability of the atmosphere–ocean coupled system in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. The two leading modes are obtained by performing multivariate Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis on two oceanic variables (SST and HC) over the tropical Pacific (30°S–30°N, 120°E–80°W) and six atmospheric variables (outgoing longwave radiation, SLP, streamfunction, and velocity potential at 850 hPa and 200 hPa) over the tropical Indo-Pacific region (30°S–30°N, 60°E–80°W) for the period 1980–2010. Because the two new HC-based indices are capable of better depicting coherent variations between the ocean and atmosphere, they can provide a supplementary tool for ENSO monitoring of and climate research into the two flavours of El Niño.
118
Precipitation mechanism analysis in Northeast China Region during typhoon Lionrock (1610) merging into extratropical cyclone
Shuo Liu, China Shenyang Central Meteorological Observatory ChangBai South Road NO.388 HePing District, Shenyang Liaoning, China 110166 Phone +86 138 8921 7082 +86 24 8389 3221 email [email protected]
and: LI Deqin, China; SUN XIN, China; JIANG DAKAI, China
Based on conventional ground data, aerological sounding data, rainfall data from China Meteorological Administration, typhoon best track from Shanghai Typhoon Institute, black-body temperature (TBB) of FY-2 meteorological satellite from National Satellite Meteorological Center, and high-resolution NCEP global reanalysis data, strong precipitation mechanism in Northeast China Region during typhoon Lionrock (1610) merging into extratropical cyclone transitioning process was analyzed. The result indicated that symmetric tropical cyclone cloudsystem developed into asymmetric baroclini cloudsystem, and finally evolved into symmetric vortex cloudsystem during the merging process. Meanwhile, Lionrock entered into the strong vertical wind shear environment gradually, and typhoon vortex circulation, water-vapor transfer and vertical movement showed remarkable asymmetric and vertical westward tilt feature. Furthermore, warm-core structure was destroyed, water-vapor transfer gradually went away from typhoon circulation, and typhoon was extratropical transited increasingly. Under the interaction between upper and low-level jet, extratropical cyclone appeared obvious frontogenesis for the positive vertical vorticity advection, which enhanced the development of extratropical cyclone. Under the co-effect of Lionrock and extratropical cyclone, precipitation in Northeast China Region mainly occurred in warm advection. It was found that strong precipitation falling region was influenced by strong upper levels divergence and strong low levels convergence . High value of thickness gradient had good direct a indicative function.
The Black Sea Monitoring and Forecasting Center (BS-MFC) in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Service
Stefania A Ciliberti., Italy Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici 16, Augusto Imperatore 73100 Lecce (Italy) [email protected] and: Gregoire Marilaure, Belgium; Staneva Joanna, Germany; Palazov Atanas, Bulgaria
The BS-MFC entered the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) in October 2016, providing regular and systematic information about the ocean state in the Black Sea in operational mode. An expert team constitutes the BS-MFC Consortium: the Institute of Oceanology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (IO-BAS, Bulgaria) coordinates the service and the management in collaboration with Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC, Italy), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht – Institute of Coastal Research (HZG, Germany), the University of Liege (ULG, Belgium), the Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski (USOF, Bulgaria) and the Eurasia Earth Sciences Institute – Istanbul Technical University (ITU, Turkey). The system provides a complete data catalogue for the Black Sea ocean variables such as temperature, salinity, sea level, currents, biogeochemistry and waves through a technologically advanced and resilient service, which is fully interconnected with the other Centers in the Copernicus network.
The high level BS-MFC architecture is based on 3 Production Units, for Physics, Biogeochemistry and Waves products respectively, a Dissemination/Archiving Unit for the delivery of the products and their archiving/accessibility, a Local Service Desk connected to the CMEMS Service Desk devoted to support all the operational activities, and backup units for all the main service components.
Products consist of analysis/hindcast, 10-days forecast and reanalysis, describing the physical (currents, temperature, salinity, sea level, mixed layer depth and bottom temperature), the biogeochemical state and waves.
To implement and improve the service, the BS-MFC has detailed an evolution plan, actually under implementation, devoted to establish, assess and improve the systems and their operational functionalities, providing some improvements from the scientific point of view concerning the modeling components (e.g., the fully aligned Physics, Biogeochemistry and Waves systems, the open boundary conditions at the Bosporus, the state-of-the-art core models and increased spatial resolution among the major actions) and high quality products, towards an optimal interface between the Mediterranean and the Black Seas.
Sunghyup You, Republic of Korea; KMA 61 Yeouidaebang-ro, 16-gil, Dongjakgu, Seoul 07062, Rep. of Korea Email [email protected]
and: Byun Kun-Young, Republic of Korea; Eom Hyunmin, Republic of Korea
The Republic of Korea faces an even greater need to acquire additional marine meteorological monitoring and produce marine forecasting information for the growing maritime economy. This presentation shows present status and future plan for operational marine observation and prediction systems in Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). The KMA has operated marine weather observing network that has relatively high temporal and spatial resolution. To build an optimal observation network, vessels from the related organizations and drifting buoy would be used to collect marine meteorological information from a wide range of ocean environments.
At present, KMA has operated the high resolution global, regional and coastal marine meteorological forecasting system using 4th supercomputer of KMA. The wave forecasting system covers the global ocean, northwestern Pacific Ocean and coastal ocean with maximum 1km horizontal resolutions. The wave models predict 87(coastal, regional) – 288(global) hours wave patterns at 00 UTC and 12 UTC every day. Also, the operational regional and coastal storm surge/tide model area covers northwestern Pacific Ocean including coastal area and the horizontal grid intervals are also 8km and 1km, respectively. In addition, the KMA has operated the ensemble prediction systems for wave and storm surges for probabilistic forecast. Atmospheric conditions from the Global/Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System (GDAPS/RDAPS) based on UM(Unified Model) are used for forcing input of marine forecasting system. Also ocean circulation forecasting system is based on GloSEA5 climate coupling model. The GloSEA5 covers the global ocean with about 30km horizontal resolutions including marginal seas around Korea.
To strengthen the marine weather information service that satisfies the end-users, real time information for near and offshore operations around the Korean Peninsula is essential. Detailed weather maps provided through the marine weather dissemination system involve marine high impact weathers such as high waves, swells and storms.
Quantifying Wave Measurement Differences in Historical and Present Wave Buoy Systems
Val Swail, Canada
Environment and Climate Change Canada 4905 Dufferin Street Toronto, Ontario Canada M3H 5T4 Phone 1-416-739-4347 1-416-739-5700 email [email protected]
and: Jensen Robert, United States of America; Bouchard Richard, United States of America
The NOAA-National Data Buoy Center and Environment Canada have been operating a network of moored buoys in the Atlantic, Pacific, Gulf of Mexico and Great Lakes for the past four decades, accounting for the majority of global wave measurements distributed on the Global Telecommunications System. The platforms used by these two agencies vary from spherical and discus buoys to a standard 6-m Navy Oceanographic and Meteorological Automatic Device, or NOMAD buoy. These data sets have been instrumental in wave model validation, wave forecast verification, satellite wave calibration and validation, air-sea interaction studies, and wave climate trend and variability.
A NOMAD buoy was deployed in Monterey Canyon containing three NOAA-NDBC and two Environment Canada AXYS™ sensor/payload packages (FLOSSIE). Within 5km of FLOSSIE a NOAA-NDBC 3m discus (3D) buoy equipped with two sensor/payload packages, and a Datawell™ directional Waverider buoy were also deployed. The eight independent wave measurement systems reported hourly estimates of the frequency spectra, and when applicable, the four Fourier directional components. Analyses of the more than 2 year data sets show modest to significant differences in the energy levels between buoy, sensor and payload configurations. The FLOSSIE deployment is a key component of the Data Buoy Cooperation Panel Pilot Project on Wave measurement Evaluation and Test www.jcomm.info/WET) , and has stimulated additional smaller scale intra-measurement evaluations that are presently ongoing featuring new hull size and composition, new sensor packages and payloads posed to replace older buoy systems.
The results of the evaluation will be presented, with a view toward hypothesized approaches to be used to remove, or at least account for, the observed differences in the various wave measurement systems.
Spatial Feature and Seasonal Variability Characteristics of Sea Surface Wind in Taiwan Strait based on ASCAT Data
Weihua Pan, China Fujian Meteorological Institute of Science Wushan Road 108, Gulou District, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350001 [email protected]
By using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and the statistical analysis methods expansion, the paper analyzed the ASCAT satellite datafrom 2007 to 2017 to explore the temporalmode characteristics and spatial mode pattern of the sea wind field in the Taiwan Strait. The mann-kendall method and the sliding t-test method were used to test the abrupt change of sea surface wind speed, Moreover, the change of seasonal variation of wind field and the possible mechanism in the Taiwan Strait were analyzed and discussed. The results showed the EOF spatial pattern of the the sea surface wind field in the Taiwan Strait was dominated by the north - south pattern and the center of the anomaly deviation of EOF was lied in the narrow strait of sea filed. The EOF time mode was the winter - summer monsoon oscillation type, which was affected by the island topography and monsoon.Results of comprehensive analysis of mann-kendall method and sliding t-test method showed that the wind speed characteristics of the Taiwan Strait were changed from positive phase to negative phase, but had no significant mutation from 2007 to 2017. There were significant seasonal characteristics of the sea wind field in the Taiwan Strait affected by the island terrain and monsoon circulation. Remarkably, there were“narrow valley effect” in the middle of the straits in spring, autumn and winter except for summer. Terrain had prominent effects on the formation of wind field features, which caused the “corner flow” on the north and south ends of the sea and “wake area” prone to downstream of the central mountains of island.
Analysis of the Yellow Sea lightning characteristics and ENSO relation using LIS observations
Xiangke Liu, China
Shandong Meteorological Disaster Prevention Technical Center Jinan City, Shandong Province flyover area Wuying mountain Road No. 12 Phone 15666976613,00 email [email protected]
According to the original data of the trmm satellite (LIS) from January 1998 to December 2014,Analysis of temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of lightning in China Yellow Sea.The results show that the lightning density of the Yellow Sea is 3.09 fl • km-2 • a-1, and the high-value area is located near the northern part of the Yellow Sea near Pingdao and Dashan Island in Rizhao City. The lightning density is 24.25 fl • km-2 • a-1.The climatic activity is related to the sea temperature. The higher the temperature is, the more frequent the lightning activity is, the lower the temperature, the less the lightning activity is. The lightning activity is the same as that of the sea temperature. The number of lightning trips during the El Nido period increased significantly, but the number of lightning strikes during the La Nina period was not significant. The seasonal distribution of the sea temperature was consistent with the lightning density distribution.
124
The Progress of Experiment on Typhoon Intensity Change
in Coastal Area Xiaotu Lei, China Shanghai Typhoon Institute of CMA No. 166 Puxi Road, Shanghai, 200030, China Phone 86-021-54896415 86-021-64391966 email [email protected] The Experiment on Typhoon Intensity Change in Coastal Area (EXOTICCA) was proposed by China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) during the 45th Session of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee (TC), held in Hong Kong of China from 29 January to 1 February 2013, and endorsed by 46th TC Session held in Bangkok, Thailand in 10-13 February 2014.
The major goals and objectives of the EXOTICCA are: 1) to conduct the field campaigns on the intensity and structural characteristics of the target offshore and landfalling tropical cyclones by employing integrated and novel observation techniques, and 2) to conduct demonstration research on the utilization of the synergized field observation data with the aim of deepening the understanding of the mechanism of structure and intensity changes, improving the relevant capability of operational analysis, NWP models forecast, developing more reliable storm surge and flooding and associated risk assessment.
The field campaign was conducted by CMA and HKO from 2014 to 2016, which including: The reconnaissance flights were conducted by HKO, UAV and rocket-deployed drop-sonde by STI, to collect meteorological observations (wind) for target tropical cyclones over the South China Sea. The demonstration research on the target typhoon intensity change analysis using the cooperative experimental observation data by STI in collaboration with HKO and WMO Typhoon Landfall Forecast Demonstration Project (WMO-TLFDP) was in progress.
125
Comparison and evaluation of Three Types of Wind Field Reanalysis Data in Coastal Zone of Liaoning Province
Xue Ao, China
Shenyang Regional Climate Center of Liaoning No.388,Chang bai nan road,Heping district, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China Phone 15998381770,00 email [email protected] and: Zhai Qingfei, China; Cui Yan, China; Zhao Chunyu, China;
Based on the comparison of the conventional observation data of 20 meteorological stations in coastal zone of Liaoning Province from 1981 to 2015 and the reanalysis data of ERA-Interim, JRA-55 and CFSR in the same period, we discussed the adaptability of reanalysis wind velocity field in coastal zone of Liaoning Province. The results show that the correlation between the three reanalysis data and the observed data is significant, and ERA is the best. But the maximum hourly wind speed of ERA data is obviously smaller than the observed data. The spatial deviations of the three kinds of reanalysis data are obviously heterogeneous, what is small in Suizhong and Xingcheng but large in Lushunkou. The absolute deviation of the maximum hourly wind speed of CFSR is less than 1, and the applicability is good. The wind speed of ERA data is close to that of observation data, and the deviation of maximum hourly wind speed and gale number at 14:00 is smaller than that at 08:00. The mean absolute error of maximum hourly wind speed in the three sea areas is not significant, which is between 1.5-3m / s, and the error of gale number is significant. The error of Bohai Strait is relatively large, the northern part of Yellow Sea and the northern part of Bohai Sea are the least. The mean absolute error of wind speed of CFSR data is the smallest. The observed data of maximum hourly wind speed and the number of wind events were significantly decreased, while the JRA and CFSR data showed a slow decrease trend, while the ERA data showed an increasing trend, The JRA and CFSR data showed a decreasing trend, while the ERA data showed an increasing trend. The interdecadal curve of ERA and JRA data fluctuated smoothly, which could not show the interdecadal variation trend of the observed data, the CFSR data are close to the observed value, but the trend is slower than the observed data. The spatial distribution of long-term trend, CFSR data credibility is relatively good, JRA data followed, ERA data vary widely.
Thunderstorm Events Triggered by Collision Between Sea Breeze Front & Gust Front over Bohai Bay China
Yan Wang, China Tianjin Municipal Marine Meteorological Observatory No. 100, Qixiangtai Road, Hexi District，Tianjin，China Phone 022-23109073 022-23109073 [email protected]
and: Sun Zhigui, China
About one-fourth of the thunderstorms in Tianjin area are triggered by sea-breeze (SB).Research shows interacting between SB and westerlies system can enhance atmospheric unstable stratification and ascending motion, and trigger or strengthen thunderstorms accordingly. Meanwhile, research also discoveries that urban heat-island can impact the structure and feature of SB, and proceed to impact the strength and drop zone of local thunderstorm. The initiation of thunderstorm event detected by Doppler Weather Radar on Aug.13,2007 shows that the collision between sea breeze front and gust front can be triggered thunderstorm event which appear the front of SBF & GF. Applicating ground data of 36 automatic weather stations of 6 factors in Tianjin and more than 850hPa sounding data of Beijing, as a new Sounding data, it shows that the front of the sea breeze front is a strong low-level wind shear gradient and humidity discontinuities by Radar detecting. On August 13, 2007, Bohai Bay sea breeze front and the gust front collided and formed thunderstorms. Diagnostic analysis shows that Sea breeze front edge and 0-3km vertical wind shear gradient density areas correspond with each other, so as to the rapid changes of dew point temperature gradient zone. If sea breeze front and the gust front colliding, 0-3km vertical wind shear changes rapidly within 2 hours with significantly increasing trend. By using 124 cases of sea breeze front in Bohai Bay, detected by Doppler Weather Radar (CINRAD / SA), from June to September in 2008-2010, features of those events are very local & rapid.
Characteristic Analysis on Strong Wind over the XiSha Island over the South China Sea which Caused by Strong Cold Air in 2016
Yu Zhou, China The Sansha Meteorological bureau Room 403,HaiFu road 60, Meteorological Bureau of Hainan Province, haikou city, China Phone 18389392813 [email protected]
The characteristic on strong wind over the XiSha island over the South China Sea which caused by strong cold air in 2016 was studied in this paper.The results show that the strong wind based on the circumfluence background of the upper vortex moved eastward which made the zonal trough became a meridianal one,resulting in the strong cold air greatly moving into XiSha.After discussing the characteristics of 850hPa varying temperature field,it pointed out the strength of temperature decreasing can well indicate the characer of surface pressure field.Strong wind area correspond to the maximum areas of isobar on surface pressure field.The results also show that there was a remarkable consisitency between temperature advection and surface pressure gradient,allobaric gradient.Cold advection could enhance surface pressure gradient and allobaric gradient，which is the fundamental reasons why the occurrence of strong wind over the Xisha island over the south china sea.
Operational ocean circulation forecasting system in the Northwest Pacific ocean
Zhaoyi Wang, China
National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center of China No.8 Dahuisi Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China Phone +86(010)62105735 email [email protected]
and: Liu Guimei, China; Lyu Guokun, China; Wang Hui, China;
The Chinese Global Operational Oceanography Forecasting System (CGOFS), which is run at the National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center of China (NMEFC), predicts physical properties of the global oceans, such as temperature, salinity, current, wave and sea ice. The CGOFS consists of a suite of nested model configurations. The operational Northwest Pacific Model (NwPM) is a regional model at the CGOFS, which is based on the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS), a free-surface, primitive equation ocean circulation model formulated using terrain-following coordinates. It produces daily analyses and forecasts, up to five days ahead, of the main ocean variables, and provides boundary conditions for the East China Sea Model (ECSM) and the South China Sea Model (SCSM).
Data assimilation is one of the most important parts of an ocean operational system. The three-Dimensional Variational (3DVAR) data assimilation method is widely used in oceanic operational forecasting systems at both global and regional scales. In this system, we adapted an oceanographic three-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme called OceanVar to the ROMS model in order to assimilate temperature and salinity (T/S) measurements from Argo profiles into the Hydrological forecasting system. Furthermore, EnOI scheme is applied to ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System) with the ability to assimilate TSLA (along-track Sea Level Anomaly). This system is used with the Chinese operational Hydrological Forecasting System (CHFS). The results show that the daily averaged bias has a great improvement after assimilation.
