Marine protected areas in the Baltic Sea
Towards a framework for adaptive management,
example Sweden
Johnny Berglund, Anna Karlsson, Ilke Tilders, Lena Tingström
Marine habitats in the
Baltic
• 1110 Sublittoral sandbanks
• 1130 Estuaries
• 1140 Mud- and sandflats
• 1150 Lagoons
• 1160 Large shallow inlets and bays
• 1170 Reefs
• 1180 ”Bubble reefs”
• 1610 Baltic esker islands
• 1620 Baltic islets and small islands
• 1650 Baltic narrow inlets
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1130 Estuaries
Helcom mapservice
2018-11-12
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1150 Lagoons
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Helcom mapservice
2018-11-12
1170 Reefs
Helcom mapservice
2018-11-12
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Status 2013
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Status 2013 in SE and FI
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Workshop for Baltic MPA managers 2018
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Need for a more holistic approach for
marine protection / marine conservation
Towards a more holistic process
for marine protectionExample Sweden
Tool for help: Open standards for conservation
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Nested Processes
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MSP and MSFD
(Unit = 100%)
Green Infrastructure
(<100% and >10%)
MPA network
(Objective = 10%)representative, well connected and functional
Critical Alignement 1: MSP Units for GI & MPA Network planning
14
15
Gulf of
Bothnia
Baltc
ProperWest
coast
• Also a process of communication
with the 14 counties.
• Counties responsible for the
actionplan for GI and designation
and management of MPAs
Critical Alignement 2: Targets for GI & MPA Network and Architecture & MSFD
16
2018-11-20
TargetsBiodiversity targets
Conservation targets
Key Ecological Attributes
• Species and/or ecosystem functions that are
representative and include the biological diversity in the
subregions.
• The targets will be the base for the goals and for
monitoring and evaluation of the MPA network, GI and
biodiversity
Aphotic hard bottoms
• Depth > 20 m
• Substrate > 64 mm
Aphotic soft bottoms
• Depth > 20 m
• Substrate < 64 mm
Photic hard bottoms
• Depth < 20 m
• Substrate > 64 mm
Photic soft bottoms
• Depth < 20 m
• Substrate < 64 mm
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Building blocks GI, MPA Network & MPAsKey Ecological Attributes, Indicators and taxonomies
Indicators
Linked taxonomy lists
Building blocks GI, MPA Network & MPAs
Threats and taxonomies
Linked
taxonomies
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Photic soft bottoms (infra)
• Depth < 20 m
• Substrate < 64 mm
Aphotic soft bottoms (circa)
• Depth > 20 m
• Substrate < 64 mm
Photic hard bottoms
• Depth < 20 m
• Substrate > 64 mm
Aphotic hard bottoms
• Depth > 20 m
• Substrate > 64 mm
Conservation targets
Nested targets Nested targetsEstuaries (1130)
Lagoons (1150)
Mud- and sandflats (1140)
Submerged rooted plants (>25% cover), HUB B1, B2, B3
Zostera meadows (>25%),
Charophyte meadows(>25%), HUB B4
…..
Reefs (1170)
Baltic skerries and islands (1620)
Perennial algae, Fucus spp. (>25% cover), HUB C1
Bluemusselbeds, HUB E1
Perennial algae, foliose red algae, HUB C3
…..
Nested targets Nested targetsSandbanks (1110)
Bottoms with high abundance ofbenthic infauna
…..
Reefs (1170)
Bluemusselbeds, HUB E1
…..
How much?
Goals for
each target…10, 30, 50, 80%
Framework aims to:
1. Fully integrate MSFD, OSPAR, HELCOM, N2000
2. Support reporting and communication
3. Enable effective management of the marine environment
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Thank you for listening!
Johnny Berglund
Extra slides
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• Marine national park (1)
• Marine nature reserves (75)
• Natura 2000 with marine habitats (315)
• Helcom MPA (28) 2016
HOLAS II
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