Marine Seismic Acquisition - Flotte...

Marine Seismic Acquisition

EGU - Nice, France, 25-30 April 2004

IntroductionIntroduction

Conventional Conventional MultichannelMultichannel Seismic Equipment (Seismic Equipment (SMTSMT))-- Technical descriptionTechnical description-- ExamplesExamples

High Resolution (2D/3D) Seismic Equipment (High Resolution (2D/3D) Seismic Equipment (HRHR))-- Technical descriptionTechnical description-- ExamplesExamples

High speed Seismic Equipment (High speed Seismic Equipment (SISRAPSISRAP))-- Technical descriptionTechnical description

OnOn--going developments and conclusiongoing developments and conclusion

DiscussionDiscussion

RECENT NATIONAL SEISMIC FACILITIESRECENT NATIONAL SEISMIC FACILITIES

P.P.FarcyFarcy, B. , B. MarssetMarsset, H. , H. NouzeNouzeIFREMERIFREMER


Marine Seismic AcquisitionINTRODUCTION (1/6)INTRODUCTION (1/6)

Very High ResolutionVery High ResolutionTarget depth ≅ X 10 mTarget size ≅ X 1 mSite survey, sedimentary models, reservoir modelling

High ResolutionHigh ResolutionTarget depth ≅ X 100 mTarget size ≅ X 10 mFluid escape, gaz hydrates,reservoir modelling

«« ConventionnalConventionnal » » seismicseismicTarget depth ≅ X 1000 mTarget size ≅ X 100 mDeep scientific / industrial exploration



LogLog1010 ((FFHertzHertz))

-1

-1-2 10 32 4

0

2

1

4

3

5

Log

Log 1

010(( M

étre

sM

étre

s))7

6

Natural seismicity

« Conventionnal » seismic

HR seismic

VHR seismic

PenetrationPenetration and Vertical Vertical ResolutionResolution as a function of FrequencyFrequency



Seismic Seismic source source frequencyfrequency contentcontent

LogLog1010 ((FFHertzHertz))

-1-2 10 32 4

Natural seismicity

« Conventionnal » seismic

HR seismic

VHR seismic

Explosives

Air guns

Water guns

Electro-acoustic transducers

Sparkers

Boomers



INTRODUCTION (4/6)INTRODUCTION (4/6)

CONVENTIONNAL MULTICHANNEL SEISMIC EQUIPMENT (CONVENTIONNAL MULTICHANNEL SEISMIC EQUIPMENT (SMTSMT))

19941994 : Technical report: Technical report

19971997 : Scientific report :: Scientific report :-- Need of a longer streamerNeed of a longer streamer-- Need for positioningNeed for positioning-- Development of Ocean Bottom seismometersDevelopment of Ocean Bottom seismometers-- Development of a 3D approachDevelopment of a 3D approach-- Outline of the processing aspectOutline of the processing aspect

19981998 : Decision is made for a new development: Decision is made for a new development

19991999 : Technical processing choice (: Technical processing choice (GGééovecteurovecteur 2D)2D)

19991999 : Sea trials (ESSER 1 2 3 4): Sea trials (ESSER 1 2 3 4)

20002000 : First scientific application: First scientific application




HIGH RESOLUTION (2D/3D) SEISMIC EQUIPMENT (HIGH RESOLUTION (2D/3D) SEISMIC EQUIPMENT (HRHR))

20002000 : Technical specification: Technical specification

20012001 : Early sea trials, operational specification: Early sea trials, operational specification

20022002 : First scientific application (N/O Le : First scientific application (N/O Le SuroSuroîîtt 2D/3D)2D/3D)

20032003 : Coastal application (N/O : Coastal application (N/O LL’’EuropeEurope 2D)2D)

20032003 : Transfer to GENAVIR: Transfer to GENAVIR

20042004 : First operational application (January 2004, N/O : First operational application (January 2004, N/O LL’’AtalanteAtalante 2D)2D)




HIGH SPEED (8 knots) SEISMIC EQUIPMENT (HIGH SPEED (8 knots) SEISMIC EQUIPMENT (SISRAPSISRAP))

20032003 : Decision is made for a new development: Decision is made for a new development-- Obsolete equipmentObsolete equipment-- Unique acquisition systemUnique acquisition system

20042004 : Development, sea trials (July 2004) and transfer to GENAVIR (: Development, sea trials (July 2004) and transfer to GENAVIR (October 2004)October 2004)



MULTICHANNEL SEISMIC EQUIPMENTMULTICHANNEL SEISMIC EQUIPMENT

Digital streamer layoutDigital streamer layout

4500 metres (360 traces @ 12.25 m)4500 metres (360 traces @ 12.25 m)

12 depth controllers (@ 300m)12 depth controllers (@ 300m)

Tail buoy (RGPS, radar transponder)Tail buoy (RGPS, radar transponder)




Air deliveryAir delivery

4 * 300 m4 * 300 m33/h/h1 * 660 m1 * 660 m33/h/h




Seismic sourceSeismic source

BubbleBubble--cancelled airguns (GI guns)cancelled airguns (GI guns)Air guns (G guns, Bolt)Air guns (G guns, Bolt)

Array capacity up to 18 guns Array capacity up to 18 guns




Acquisition Acquisition and and operating operating laboratorylaboratory (container 20(container 20””))

Acquisition systemAcquisition system

SERCEL SEAL (Seismic acquisition)SERCEL SEAL (Seismic acquisition)

SERCEL SEAPRO QC (RealSERCEL SEAPRO QC (Real--time seismic Quality Control)time seismic Quality Control)

ECOS (Integrated navigation system)ECOS (Integrated navigation system)




SERCEL SEAL (seismic acquisition)SERCEL SEAL (seismic acquisition)

Acquisition managementAcquisition management-- SamplingSampling rate : 4ms, 2 ms, 1 ms, 0.5 msrate : 4ms, 2 ms, 1 ms, 0.5 ms-- Data format SEGD 2 Data format SEGD 2 -- StorageStorage media : DLTmedia : DLT

Streamer control Streamer control

Streamer control Streamer control unitsunits




Local Local and remote and remote QC QC workstationsworkstations

SERCEL SEAPRO QC (RealSERCEL SEAPRO QC (Real--time seismic Quality Control)time seismic Quality Control)

Ambient noise monitoringAmbient noise monitoringFrequency (F) and Frequency Frequency (F) and Frequency –– WavenumberWavenumber (FK) analysis(FK) analysisCommon shot gatherCommon shot gatherCommon receiver gatherCommon receiver gather




ECOS (Integrated navigation system)ECOS (Integrated navigation system)

Depth controllers handling (depth, heading)Depth controllers handling (depth, heading)Vessel navigation (GPS / DGPS)Vessel navigation (GPS / DGPS)Tail buoy navigation (RGPS)Tail buoy navigation (RGPS)Layout visualisationLayout visualisation

ECOS ECOS workstationworkstation




On board processing facilities (GEOVECTEUR 2D)On board processing facilities (GEOVECTEUR 2D)

SUN Ultra 60SUN Ultra 60

Storage media :Storage media :-- DLTDLT-- 70 70 Gb Gb hard diskshard disks

OYO 24OYO 24”” thermal plotterthermal plotter

«« ConventionnalConventionnal » » seismicseismic data edata examplxampleses

N/O N/O NADIR NADIR

Deep structure of the Angolan Margin : Deep structure of the Angolan Margin : “Source and acquisition design for deep imaging”“Source and acquisition design for deep imaging”

The The ““monobullemonobulle”” source : source : ””bubblebubble”” tuning versus tuning versus ““peakpeak”” tuningtuning

Acquisition configuration : combined seismic reflection and refAcquisition configuration : combined seismic reflection and refraction (OBS) studiesraction (OBS) studies

Gas hydrates studies in the Gas hydrates studies in the NankaiNankai Trough : Trough : “What long offsets can bring us”“What long offsets can bring us”

Amplitude variations with offsets and AVA analysisAmplitude variations with offsets and AVA analysis



Deep structure of the Angolan MarginDeep structure of the Angolan Margin

“Source and acquisition design for deep imaging”“Source and acquisition design for deep imaging”

The The ““monobullemonobulle”” source : source : ””bubblebubble”” tuning versus tuning versus ““peakpeak”” tuningtuning

Acquisition configurationAcquisition configuration

ZaiangoZaiango study location mapstudy location map

SubsaltSubsalt imagingimaging

Combined reflection (MCS) and refraction (OBS) studiesCombined reflection (MCS) and refraction (OBS) studies

ProcessingProcessing





0 50 100 Hz10

50

30

Frequency

dB

0 50 100 Hz10

50

30

Frequency

dB

Time

Am

plitu

de

Time

Am

plitu

de

Time

Am

plitu

de

Time

Am

plitu

de



Deep structure of the Angolan Margin : Deep structure of the Angolan Margin : The The ““monobullemonobulle”” sourcesource

The « monobulle » source consists in tuning the different guns on the main bubble instead of on the first peak, thus allowing to increase low frequencyacoustic level.




Deep structure of the Angolan Margin : Deep structure of the Angolan Margin : Acquisition configurationAcquisition configuration

75 inch75 inch3 3 9L 9L 9L 9L 9L 9L 9L 9L

75 inch75 inch3 3 9L 9L 9L 9L 9L 9L 9L 9L

4500 4500 metresmetres Seismic reflectionSeismic reflection• Source : 4802 inch3

• Shot spacing : 100 m• Air delivery : 992m3/h

Seismic refractionSeismic refraction•• Source : 3155 inchSource : 3155 inch3

•• Shot spacingShot spacing : 75 m: 75 m•• Air Air deliverydelivery : 1300 m: 1300 m3/h/h




Deep structure of the Angolan Margin : Deep structure of the Angolan Margin : ZaZaïïangoango study location mapstudy location map

from Maryline Moulin, Thèse Univ. Brest, 2003




Deep structure of the Angolan Margin : Deep structure of the Angolan Margin : SubsaltSubsalt imagingimaging

Bassin du Bas CongoBassin du Bas Congo 5 s 5 s Tw

tTw

t

MonobulleMonobulle sectionsection

5 s 5 s Tw

tTw

t

Bassin du Bas CongoBassin du Bas CongoBassin du KwanzaBassin du Kwanza

AlbianAlbian CretaceaousCretaceaous AptianAptian ((saltsalt)) EoceneEocene

CorrespondingCorresponding composite composite oiloil exploration sectionexploration section

from Maryline Moulin, Thèse Univ. Brest, 2003



RefractionRefraction datadata

ReflectionReflection datadata

GravimetryGravimetry datadata

Deep structure of the Deep structure of the Angolan Margin :Angolan Margin :Combined studiesCombined studies

from I. Contrucci et al., G.J.I. in press




Deep structure of the Angolan Margin : Deep structure of the Angolan Margin : ProcessingProcessingon board processing (on board processing (GeovecteurGeovecteur) : Up to constant velocity post stack migrated sections ) : Up to constant velocity post stack migrated sections

Advanced processing : Advanced processing : DeconvolutionDeconvolution, Pre, Pre--stack migration and migration velocity analysesstack migration and migration velocity analyses

from R. Bartolome et al., Submitted to J. Applied Geophys.




Gas hydrates studies in the Gas hydrates studies in the NankaiNankai TroughTrough

“what long offsets can bring us”“what long offsets can bring us”

Study location mapStudy location map

Seismic line SFJHR01Seismic line SFJHR01

Amplitude variations with offsets and AVA analysis modelling reAmplitude variations with offsets and AVA analysis modelling resultssults




Gas hydrates studies in the Gas hydrates studies in the NankaiNankai Trough Trough : : Location mapLocation map

from H. Nouzé et al., Submitted to GRL




Gas hydrates studies in the Gas hydrates studies in the NankaiNankai Trough : Trough : Seismic line SFJHR01Seismic line SFJHR01

00 1010 2020 3030 kmkm

500500

10001000

mm





Gas hydrates studies in the Gas hydrates studies in the NankaiNankai Trough Trough : : Amplitude Versus Offset anomaliesAmplitude Versus Offset anomaliesD

epth

Dep

th(m

)(m

)

CommonCommon ReceiverReceiver gathergather

500500

10001000

00 1010Distance (km)Distance (km)

CommonCommon DepthDepth PointPoint

Twt

Twt (

ms)

(ms)

800800

16001600

Offset (m)Offset (m) 2000200000





Gas hydrates studies in the Gas hydrates studies in the NankaiNankai Trough Trough : : Amplitude Versus Angle anomaliesAmplitude Versus Angle anomalies

Incidence angle (Incidence angle (degreesdegrees))

Ref

lect

ion

Ref

lect

ion

coef

ficie

ntco

effic

ient

00 1010 2020 3030 4040 5050 6060

0.90.90.80.80.70.70.60.60.50.50.40.40.30.30.20.20.10.10.0.


Frequency bandwidth Frequency bandwidth -- resolutionresolutionfrequency bandwidth: frequency bandwidth: 4400--500 Hz500 Hzvertical resolution 1 vertical resolution 1 -- 2 m2 mlateral resolution 5 mlateral resolution 5 mseveral 100 m of penetration in sedimentsseveral 100 m of penetration in sediments

Application fields: from continental shelf to slopeApplication fields: from continental shelf to slopesedimentary processsedimentary processpaleopaleo--climatologyclimatology, sea level variations , sea level variations slope stability, landslide, slope stability, landslide, seismicityseismicityshallowshallow gas, fluid escape structure, gas hydrategas, fluid escape structure, gas hydratehydrocarbon reservoir study hydrocarbon reservoir study

BreakthroughsBreakthroughs2D High Resolution seismic exploration / 3D detailed survey2D High Resolution seismic exploration / 3D detailed surveykinematics processing /kinematics processing / amplitude processing and inversion amplitude processing and inversion multidisciplinary studiesmultidisciplinary studiesmultimulti--frequency and multifrequency and multi--scale studiesscale studies

3D



HIGH RESOLUTION PROJECT (2001 HIGH RESOLUTION PROJECT (2001 –– 2003)2003)

ObjectivesObjectives

2D and 3D seismic acquisition tailored to high resolution seism2D and 3D seismic acquisition tailored to high resolution seismic imaging:ic imaging:sources, acquisition geometry, positioning,...sources, acquisition geometry, positioning,...

Operational systemOperational system

Amplitude controlAmplitude control

⇒⇒ kinematickinematic imaging + preserved amplitude processing / inversionimaging + preserved amplitude processing / inversion

MilestonesMilestones

EndEnd--user requirement user requirement

State of the art technology State of the art technology

Academic and industrial partnershipsAcademic and industrial partnerships

Link with other field of current research : Link with other field of current research : -- Methodology : SeaMethodology : Sea--floor characterisation floor characterisation -- Technology : Development of sediment echoTechnology : Development of sediment echo--sounder and deepsounder and deep--towed seismictowed seismic

⇒⇒ Integrated approachIntegrated approach



HIGH RESOLUTION PROJECT (2001 HIGH RESOLUTION PROJECT (2001 –– 2003)2003)

One array of sources (up to 6 air guns)One array of sources (up to 6 air guns)One streamer of 72 traces @ 6.25 metresOne streamer of 72 traces @ 6.25 metres, , 4 depth controllers4 depth controllers

Acquisition speed: 4 to 5 knotsAcquisition speed: 4 to 5 knotsStreamer/source immersion: 1.5 to 3 metresStreamer/source immersion: 1.5 to 3 metresShooting rate up to 5 sShooting rate up to 5 s

Operating vessel: Operating vessel: openopen--seasea R/VR/V

AddAdd--onon: HR 2D seismic on: HR 2D seismic on--board costal vesselboard costal vessel

Source: Source: SparkerSparkerOperating vessel: N/O Operating vessel: N/O LL’’EuropeEurope



22D HR seismic layout D HR seismic layout

Two arrays of sources (1 or 2 air gun(s) per array)Two arrays of sources (1 or 2 air gun(s) per array)Two streamers of 48 traces @ 6.25 metresTwo streamers of 48 traces @ 6.25 metres, , 25 meters apart 25 meters apart , , 6 depth controllers6 depth controllersDGPS positioning of the sourcesDGPS positioning of the sources

Acquisition speed: 4 to 5 knotsAcquisition speed: 4 to 5 knotsDistance between sailed lines: 25 mDistance between sailed lines: 25 mStreamer/source immersion: 1.5 to 3 metresStreamer/source immersion: 1.5 to 3 metresShooting rate up to 3 sShooting rate up to 3 s

Operating vessel: N/O Le Operating vessel: N/O Le SuroSuroîîtt



33D HR seismic layout D HR seismic layout

EquipmentEquipmentSEAL seismic acquisition system (SERCEL)SEAL seismic acquisition system (SERCEL)Numerical streamers on two winchesNumerical streamers on two winches

Swinging booms (Swinging booms (3D, 3D, N/O Le N/O Le SuroSuroîîtt) ) DGPS positioning of source arraysDGPS positioning of source arrays (3D)(3D)

Shot control unit (bubble cancelled air guns, flip/flop shootinShot control unit (bubble cancelled air guns, flip/flop shooting mode) g mode) Oiling system of guns for high shooting rate (< 5 s)Oiling system of guns for high shooting rate (< 5 s)

ECOS HR control unitECOS HR control unitRecording unit (disc) and offRecording unit (disc) and off--line archive unit (DVD)line archive unit (DVD)Streamer depth controllersStreamer depth controllers

Real time quality control (Real time quality control (SeaProQCSeaProQC))OffOff--line quality control (dedicated software)line quality control (dedicated software)

IntegrationIntegration10" acquisition container remotely controlled10" acquisition container remotely controlledInterface with onInterface with on--board navigation systemboard navigation system



HIGH RESOLUTION SEISMICHIGH RESOLUTION SEISMIC

MMiniini--GI source arrayGI source arraywith DGPS positioningwith DGPS positioning (3D)(3D)

Streamer on winchStreamer on winch

Depth controllerDepth controller

SSwingingwinging boomsbooms onon--board board N/O Le SuroN/O Le Suroîît (3D)t (3D)



HIGH RESOLUTION EQUIPMENTHIGH RESOLUTION EQUIPMENT

StandStand--alone seismic laboratoryalone seismic laboratoryAcquisition Acquisition remote control remote control ((vessel vessel electronic operating roomelectronic operating room))Interface with electronic equipment of the vesselInterface with electronic equipment of the vessel

RRemote operating emote operating roomroom

Acquisition Acquisition laboratory laboratory (container 10(container 10””))



HIGH RESOLUTION EQUIPMENTHIGH RESOLUTION EQUIPMENT

Real TimeReal Time

AcquisitionAcquisition

Archive

Seismic recording / QC

SEGD file

Navigation control unit

Depth controller monitoring

Shot monitoring

DVD

• Extraction of raw navigation data• Raw navigation process• (X,Y) inversion



RealReal--timetime OffOff--lineline

OffOff--line Quality Controlline Quality Control

NavigationNavigation SeismicSeismic

Processing sequence Quality control

• Display / QC ( seismic gathers )

• Pre-processing• Automatic signal analysis

• NMO / Stack

Fold map up-date (3D)

Bathymetry (3D)(X,Y) position + Z coordinate⇒ Navigation quality control

3D stackNavigation and seismic Quality control

HIGH RESOLUTION ACQUISITION AND QCHIGH RESOLUTION ACQUISITION AND QC

NavigationNavigation Seismic Seismic



HIGH RESOLUTION ONHIGH RESOLUTION ON--BOARD QUALITY CONTROLBOARD QUALITY CONTROL

HR HR seismicseismic data edata examplxampleses

OpenOpen--sea vesselsea vessel (N/O (N/O Le Le SuroîtSuroît))MMiniini--GI sources GI sources :: 40 40 -- 250 Hz250 Hz

2D 2D surveysurvey::one streamer of 120 tracesone streamer of 120 tracesone array of two minione array of two mini--GI air gunsGI air gunsshooting rate: 6 sshooting rate: 6 ssource immersion: 1.5 m / streamer immersion: 3 msource immersion: 1.5 m / streamer immersion: 3 m

3D survey:3D survey:two streamertwo streamerss of 48 tracesof 48 tracestwo arrays of one minitwo arrays of one mini--GI air gunGI air gunshooting rate: 3 sshooting rate: 3 ssource immersion: 1.5 m / streamer immersion: 3 msource immersion: 1.5 m / streamer immersion: 3 m

Coastal vesselCoastal vessel (N/O L’Europe)(N/O L’Europe)SparkerSparker source : 60 source : 60 -- 350 Hz350 Hz

2D 2D surveysurvey::oneone streamer of 72 tracesstreamer of 72 tracessshooting rate: hooting rate: 33 sssource immersion: surface / streamer immersion: 2 msource immersion: surface / streamer immersion: 2 m



1000 m1000 m

1500 m1500 m



HydratechHydratech cruise (2002, N/O Le cruise (2002, N/O Le SuroîtSuroît) :) :European European projectsprojects:: HydratechHydratech, Costa, Costa

DDataata set set : EM300 swath bathymetry, sediment profiler,: EM300 swath bathymetry, sediment profiler,2D/3D High Resolution seismic2D/3D High Resolution seismic

HydratechHydratech cruise cruise -- 22D HR seismic D HR seismic

33DD

ConstraintsConstraintsSurvey speed: 4.5 knotsSurvey speed: 4.5 knotsTurning duration: 30 to 45 'Turning duration: 30 to 45 'Sea conditions: up to 4Sea conditions: up to 4--5 (Beaufort)5 (Beaufort)

Data setData setprofile length: profile length: 88 kmkm173 recorded profiles, 12 days173 recorded profiles, 12 days7700 x 3400 m7700 x 3400 m (25 km(25 km²²)), 150 Gb, 150 Gb



fold map sailed lines

3D acquisition

3D pre-stack depth imaging

Cutaway view of a subset of the 3D cube




1000 m

1200 m

1400 m

1 km

800 m

Dep

th

In-line interpretration – Sismage software courtesy of Total

3D seismic interpretation 3D seismic interpretation

fluid escape structure

seismichorizon

BSR

fault




Seismic facies analysisSeismic facies analysis

2 km

Detailed mapping of the most recent evidence of slope Detailed mapping of the most recent evidence of slope iinstability nstability – Sismage software courtesy of Total

disturbed sediments

undisturbed sediments


SSeismiceismic amplitudeamplitude analysisanalysis : : Preliminary attemptsPreliminary attempts



7.5 km

3.5

km

Sea-bottom corrected amplitude

Integrated approach using seaIntegrated approach using sea--bottom bottom corrected corrected amplitude amplitude and and structural structural interpretationinterpretation

Sea-bottom raw amplitude

7.5 km

3.5

km


Seismic layout:Seismic layout:Coastal vessel (N/O L’Europe)One streamer of 72 tracesOne Sparker source

Water depth: from 100 to 800 metres

Performance:Performance:Vertical resolution 1 mHorizontal resolution 3 m



Bathymetry(m)

Bastia

Geological settingsGeological settingsExtension of the Extension of the GoloGolo sedimentary systemsedimentary system,, fromfromA. A. GervaisGervais and T. and T. MulderMulder (University of Bordeaux(University of Bordeaux))

North

3D view of the bathymetry (3D view of the bathymetry (EM300EM300))

East CorsicaEast Corsica -- 22D HR seismic D HR seismic

Head of Head of GoloGolo canyoncanyon2D Migrated section(2001, N/O L’Europe)

3 km

490

415

340

400de

pth

(m)

S N

W E



Sedimentary Sedimentary GoloGolo fan fan 2D Migrated section(2003, N/O L’Europe)

10 km

S

565

940

865

790

dept

h (m

)

1015

CONVENTIONNAL MULTICHANNEL SEISMIC EQUIPMENTCONVENTIONNAL MULTICHANNEL SEISMIC EQUIPMENT

Operating vessel : N/OOperating vessel : N/O LL’’AtalanteAtalante

Increase in air delivery (one new compressor)Increase in air delivery (one new compressor)

Increase in source quality (new air guns)Increase in source quality (new air guns)

Increase source level (up to 18 guns)Increase source level (up to 18 guns)

Further evolutionFurther evolution

Increase streamer length to 6000 metersIncrease streamer length to 6000 meters



Conclusion (1/4) Conclusion (1/4)

Further technological evolutionFurther technological evolution




HIGH RESOLUTION (2D/3D) SEISMIC EQUIPMENTHIGH RESOLUTION (2D/3D) SEISMIC EQUIPMENT

Tail buoyTail buoy-- Increase offset (800 metres)Increase offset (800 metres)-- Positioning accuracyPositioning accuracy

Additional active sectionsAdditional active sections-- 2D (120 traces)2D (120 traces)-- 3D (2 * 72 traces)3D (2 * 72 traces)

Source monitoring (air pressure, calibrated hydrophones) for Source monitoring (air pressure, calibrated hydrophones) for amplitude processingamplitude processing





HIGH SPEED (8 knots) SEISMIC EQUIPMENT (HIGH SPEED (8 knots) SEISMIC EQUIPMENT (SISRAPSISRAP))

New stand alone systemNew stand alone systemNew streamer for application using HR acquisition electronicsNew streamer for application using HR acquisition electronicsIncrease in air delivery Increase in air delivery (3 * 150 m(3 * 150 m33/h compressors)/h compressors)



Two SISRAP systems available in 2005 for simultaneous campaignsTwo SISRAP systems available in 2005 for simultaneous campaigns

Opportunity to operate SISRAP and HighOpportunity to operate SISRAP and High--Res Res equipments during the same campaignequipments during the same campaign



Source monitoringSource monitoringSource modelling through near field measurementsSource modelling through near field measurementsGun controlGun control

Quality control Quality control Definition of a standard Quality Control sequence (SMT, HR, SISDefinition of a standard Quality Control sequence (SMT, HR, SISRAP)RAP)Development of Quality Control toolsDevelopment of Quality Control tools

-- Navigation dataNavigation data-- Seismic dataSeismic data

Standard processing tools Standard processing tools Definition of a standard processing sequence Definition of a standard processing sequence (to be discussed with end(to be discussed with end--users)users)Development of processing toolsDevelopment of processing tools


Further evolutionFurther evolution

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