CLASSIFICATION OF MATTERSTATES OF MATTER

CHANGES IN MATTER

Anything that has mass and occupies space

All matter is composed of atoms Atom:

Extremely small chemically indivisible particleAtom is Greek for “that which cannot be

divided” Greek philosopher Democritus is given credit for

idea Modern science can now divide an atom, so new

definition includes chemically indivisible An atom cannot be divided and retain it’s chemical

properties

Element: any substance that cannot be broken up into simpler substances by chemical means silver, copper, hydrogen, oxygen nitrogen

Compound: a substance formed when atoms of two or more elements join together H20 (water), CO2 (carbon dioxide)

Mixture: a material of two or more substances that are not chemically bound to each other and can be separated Blood: water-based mixture including

Proteins, sugars, salt, oxygen, carbon dioxide

Properties of matter are distinguishing characteristics of a substance that are used in its identification and descriptionChemical propertiesPhysical properties

Characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing substance into another substanceColorOdorTasteSizePhysical state (liquid, gas, or solid)Boiling pointMelting pointDensity

Characteristic of a substance that describes how substances react with other substances such as water, air or fire to form a new substanceDigestionCombustionPhotosynthesis

Solar Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O

C6H12O6 + 6O2 + chemical (heat) energy

Carbon Dioxide

Water

Carbohydrate or Sugar

Oxygen

Chemical changes involve formation of a new substance

Physical changes occur when a substance changes color, size, shape, temperature or stateStates of matter: solid, liquid, gas

SOLIDHolds shapeFixed volume

LIQUID Indefinite shape definite volume

GAS Indefinite shape Indefinite volume

PlasmaThe fourth stateGas that is so hot that it has ionized

The gas is electrically charged and is affected by magnetic and electric fields

Sun’s corona

Colloidal suspensionMixture of two states completely dispersed

in the other (i.e., solid in liquid) liquid that appear like solution i.e., milk, cheese, gelatin

Characteristics of solid and liquid

Melting: solid to liquid

Freezing: liquid to solid

Evaporation: liquid to gas

Condensation: gas to liquid

Can rocks melt?Yes, if it gets hot enough

So, what determines states of matter?Temperature& Pressure