MATTER Matter is anything that has mass and
volume. Mass: amt of matter in an object,
measured in grams Volume: amt of space an object takes up,
measured in ml or cc If it’s not matter, it’s energy. 3 phases of matter: solid, liquid, gas
What phases of matter do you see?
States of MatterA. The Kinetic Theory
1. All matter is composed of small particles (atoms, molecules, or ions).2. They are in constant, random motion.
3. They constantly collide with each other and with the walls of their container.
B. Phase Properties Phase
Particle PropertiesProximity Energy Motion Volume Shape
SolidLiquidGas
close little vibration definite definiteclose moderate rotational definite indefinite
far apart a lot violent indefinite indefinite
C. Other States1.BEC Bose Einstein Condensate
a. Extremely low temperatures atoms behave as a single particle
2. Plasma a. Hot, ionized gas particles. b. Electrically charged. c. Most common state in universe.
HEAT The energy an
object has because of the movement of its atoms and molecules which are continuously jiggling and moving around, hitting each other and other objects.
Think stove
MORE HEAT What happens when we add energy to an
object? Its atoms and molecules move faster increasing its energy of motion or heat. Melting or vaporization can occur.
What happens when energy is taken out of an object? Molecules slow down. Condensation or freezing can occur.
Even objects which are very cold have some heat energy because their atoms are stillmoving.
TEMPERATURE A measure of the average heat or
thermal energy of the particles in a substance
What are the states of matter shown above?
What is the phase change that is happening?
What would be the temperature during this phase change?
PHASE CHANGE GRAPH
Notice that as phase change is occurring, the temperature is not changing.
PHYSICAL VS CHEMICAL CHANGE Physical changes may or may not
require heat energy to occur. They do not make a new substance. Ex: ripping paper
Chemical changes require energy to occur. They make a completely different substance.
Ex: burning paperIs a phase change a chemical or
physical change?
