Matter

Matter

Anything that has mass (grams) and occupies space (volume).

Volume: a measure of the size of a body or region in three dimensional space.Solid Volume (of a cube or rectangle):

Length x width x heightcm x cm x cm = cm3

Matter

Liquid volume is found by using a graduated cylinder

Gas volume is the same as the container it fills.

Matter

Mass – quantity of matter contained in an object.

Measured on a balance in grams, mg, etc.

WEIGHT is not mass! Weight is the gravitational force exerted on an object! It’s value can change from place to place. MASS is the same everywhere!

Matter

Physical property:A characteristic of a substance that

does NOT involve a chemical change

Examples:DensityColorHardnessMassVolume

Matter

Density Mass and volume depend upon how

much substance you have. The relationship between these two properties is called DENSITY.

Density can be used to help identify a substance.

Matter

Formula for density:

Density = Mass = g or g

Volume mL cm3

Also written as:

D = m

V

Matter

Classification:

All matter is made of atoms.

Atom: smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element.

Matter

Two classifications:

1. Pure substances Can be an element (gold) or a compound

(water) Has definite physical and chemical

properties

2. Mixture A combination of two substances that are

NOT chemically combined (rocks and marbles)

Matter

Element – a pure substance that contain only one kind of atomSilverCopper

Matter

Some elements exist at moleculesMolecule – two or more atoms

combined in a definite ratio.Oxygen: O2

Ozone: O3

Matter

The oxygen molecule and ozone molecule are allotropes

Allotrope: a structurally different form of an element

CarbonPencil LeadDiamonds

Matter

CompoundComposed of two or more

atoms

Example: Magnesium Chloride

and Cobalt Chloride

Cobalt Chloride1 atom of Cobalt2 atoms of ChlorineCoCl2

Magnesium Chloride1 atom of Magnesium2 atoms of ChlorineMgCl2

Matter

MixturesContain two or more pure substancesDoes not always have the same

balance of ingredients

Example: airContains oxygen, nitrogen,

etc.

Matter

Mixtures: two types

1. Homogeneous: pure substances are mixed evenly throughout

2. Heterogeneous: contains substances that are not evenly mixed

Iron and Sulfur

Milk

Matter

Distinguishing mixtures from compounds

Compounds:

1. Two or more elements chemically combined

2. Have a definite composition

3. Properties of a compound are different than the properties of the elements that make it up.

Mixtures:

1. Two or more substances physically mixed together2. Substances may be present in varying proportions3. Properties of the mixture reflect the properties of the substances it

contains.