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    PublishedonAug27,2011

    MCQsinForensicMedicine

  • MCQsinForensicMedicineandToxicology,6/eByDrKSNarayanReddy,MD,DCP,PhD,FAMS,FIMSA,FAFSc,FIAMS,FAFMRetiredPrincipal,ProfessorofForensicMedicine,OsmaniaMedicalCollege,HyderabadMCQstestthememory,professionalskill,capacitytodiagnoseortreatadisease,understandingandcomprehensionabilitiesincandidates.Theyalsoaimatmeasuringhigherlevelabilitieslikeanalysis,judgementandreasoning.ThismultiplechoicequestionsbookintheareaofForensicMedicineandToxicologyisbasedontheaboveconcept.Alltheundergraduatemedicalstudentsandalsothestudentspreparingforvariouspostgraduateentranceexamswillfindthisbookextremelyuseful.

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    1.IIICHAPTER13MECHANICALASPHYXIA1.Apoplexyisthetermusedfor(a)Jugularvein(b)Vertebralartery(a)Cerebralcongestion(c)Trachea(d)Carotid(b)Cerebralischaemia7.Intypicalhangingdeathoccursdueto(c)Cerebralanoxia(a)Blockingofjugularveins(d)Cerebralconcussion(b)Blockingofcarotidarteries2.Hangingisdenedas(c)Blockingofvertebralarteries(a)Suspensionofbodybyaligaturearound(d)Bothand(a)and(b)theneck,bodyweightactingasconstricting8.Intypicalhangingknotispresentatforce(a)Occipitalarea(b)Mastoidarea(b)Suspensionofbodybyligatureafterdeath(c)Infrontofear(d)Anyoftheabove(c)Obliterationofairpassagesbyexternal9.Cyanosisoccurswhentheconcentrationofrefactorsducedhaemoglobinexceeds(d)Mechanicalinterferencetorespiration(a)2g%(b)4g%3.Thecommonestcauseofdeathinhangingis(c)5g%(d)6g%(a)Asphyxia10.Cyanosisiscausedby(b)Cerebralvenouscongestion(a)Anincreasedconcentrationofreduced(c)Asphyxiaandcerebralvenouscongestionhaemoglobincombined(b)Adecreasedconcentrationofhaemoglobin(d)Cerebralanaemia(c)Adecreasedconcentrationofoxyhaemo4.Delayeddeathinhangingcanbeduetotheglobinfollowingconditions,EXCEPT(d)Hypoxia(a)Hypoxicencephalopathy11.Aligaturemarkontheneckdirectedoblique(b)Infractionofbrainlyupwardsonbothsidesisseeninhanging(c)Oedemaoflungswitha(d)Fractureofthecervicalvertebrae(a)Fixedloopwithasingleknotinmidlineat5.Weightforoccludinginternaljugularveininthebackoftheheadhangingis(b)Runningnoose(a)2kg(b)4kg(c)Fixedloopwithaknotintheregionofone(c)8kg(d)12kgear6.Inhanginglasttobeoccludedis(d)Lowpointofsuspension1.(a)2.(a)3.(c)4.(d)5.(a)6.(b)7.(d)8.(a)9.(c)10.(a)11.(a)Chapter13.indd1047/13/20115:17:30PM2.MECHANICALASPHYXIA10512.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsregard17.InacaseofhangingligaturemarksinneckareingligaturemarkinhangingisNOTtrue?exampleof(a)Inthecaseofaxedloopwithasingleknot(a)Contusion(b)Pressureabrasionatthebackofthehead,themarkisseen(c)Laceration(d)Bruisedirectedobliquelyupwardsonbothsides18.Areliablesignofantemortemhangingis(b)Inthecaseofxedloopwiththeknotinthe(a)Athinlineofcongestionofhaemorrhageregionofoneear,themarkdiersoneachalongtheedgesofligaturemarksideoftheneck(b)Congested,lividfacemarkedwith(c)Incaseofrunningnoosethemarkisobliquepetechiaeonbothsides(c)Swollen,darkcolouredprotrudedtongue(d)Iftheligatureisintheformofloop,the(d)Protrusionoftonguemarkisprominentonthepartoftheneck19.Themostimportantfeatureofantemortemtowhichtheheadhasinclinedhangingis13.Allofthefollowingarecharacteristicofliga(a)FractureofhyoidboneturemarkofhangingEXCEPT(b)Ligaturemarkonneck(a)Itisusuallyoblique(c)Fractureofthyroidcartilage(b)Itdoesnotcompletelyencirclestheneck(d)Dribblingofsaliva(c)Itisusuallyseenhighupontheneck20.Thewidthofligaturemarkonskinmaynot(d)Thebaseissoftandreddishcorrespondwithligaturewhentheligature14.Inhanging,thegrooveproducedbyligatureusedisamaybelesswellmarkedwith(a)Rope(a)Looparrangedwithaxedknot(b)Wovenbelt(b)Lowpointofsuspension(c)Nylonorsilkfabric(c)Runningnoose(d)Electricwire(d)Loop21.Hyoidfractureiscommonin15.Ahorizontalligaturemarkisseenintheneck(a)Hanging(b)Strangulationincaseofhanging(c)Throttling(d)Choking(a)Whenaxedloopwithaxedknotinthe22.Slowasphyxiaislikelytooccurinhangingregionofoneearisusedwhen(b)Whenaxedloopwithasingleknotatthe(a)Ligatureexertspressurebelowthechinandbackoftheheadisuseddoesnotencircletheneck(c)Whenaxedloopwithasingleknotatthe(b)Ligatureexertspressurebelowthechinandchinisusedencirclestheneck(d)Inpartialhanging(c)Ligatureexertspressureatthelevelofthyroid16.Aligaturemarkmaynotbeseenintheneckincartilagecaseofhanging(d)Ligatureexertspressurebelowthelevelof(a)Inpartialhangingthyroidcartilage(b)Ifaloopismadeofsoftmaterial23.Inhangingcomaoccursrapidlyifligature(c)Ifnarrowligatureisusedcompletelyobstructs(d)Whenaxedloopwithasingleknotatthe(a)Jugularveins(b)Vertebralarterieschinisused(c)Carotidarteries(d)Pharynx12.(c)13.(d)14.(b)15.(d)16.(b)17.(b)18.(a)19.(d)20.(c)21.(c)22.(a)23.(c)Chapter13.indd1057/13/20115:17:31PM3.106SECTIONI:FORENSICMEDICINE24.Inhanging,asphyxialsignsareslightwhen(c)Homicide(a)

  • Suspensioniscomplete(d)Suicideandhomicide(b)Suspensionisincomplete31.Unequalpupilsinhangingisduetopressure(c)Thedeceasedisinakneelingpositiononthe(d)Thedeceasedlinepronewithonlytheface(a)Parasympatheticchainandchestotheground(b)Sympatheticchain25.Allofthefollowingarecharacteristicofdeath(c)OpticpathwayduetohangingEXCEPT(d)Alloftheabove(a)Ligaturemarkaround32.Lefaciesympathiqueisseenin(b)Ecchymosisofsubcutaneoustissuesunder(a)Hanging(b)Strangulationtheligaturemark(c)Smothering(d)Aconitepoisoning(c)Tricklingofsalivafromthemouth33.Inacaseoftypicalhanging,postmortem(d)Ecchymosisofthelarynxorepiglottishypostasisisseenin26.Reexvagalinhibitionmayoccurin(a)Legsandfeet(a)Impactionoffoodinlarynx(b)Handsandforearms(b)Drowning(c)Both(a)and(b)(c)Hanging(d)Genitalia(d)Alloftheabove34.Whenapersonhassuspendedhimselfby27.Incaseofhanging,atypicalligaturemarkapplyingligaturearoundthenecksothattheshowsfollowingcharacteristicsEXCEPTpointofsuspension(knot)issituatedinthe(a)Obliqueregionoftheocciput.Suchhangingiscalled(b)Highupinneck(a)Typical(b)Atypical(c)Continuous(c)Partial(d)Incomplete(d)Abovethelevelofthyroidcartilage35.Postmortemstainingoflowerpartsofhands28.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsregardandfeetindicatesingwidthofligaturemarkcomparedtowidth(a)ProlongedsuspensionafterdeathofligatureinhangingisNOTtrue?(b)Antemortemhanging(a)Equal(b)More(c)Deathduetoasphyxia(c)Less(d)Variable(d)Drowning29.Aligaturemarkmaynotbeseenintheneck36.InhangingtransversesplitsofcarotidarteriesincaseofhanginginthefollowingconditionmaybeseeninEXCEPT(a)Outercoats(a)Ifaportionofclothingintervenesbetween(b)Middlecoatstheligatureandtheskin(c)Innercoats(b)Ifaloopismadeofsoftmaterial(d)Noneoftheabove(c)Ifanarrowligatureisused37.Intimaofcarotidarteriesisusuallyruptured(d)Iftheligatureiscutsoonafterdeathin30.Scratchesornailmarksontheneckinhanging(a)Hangingmaybefoundincaseof(b)Ligaturestrangulation(a)Suicide(c)Traumaticasphyxia(b)Accident(d)Burking24.(a)25.(b)26.(d)27.(c)28.(b)29.(c)30.(d)31.(b)32.(a)33.(c)34.(a)35.(a)36.(c)37.(a)Chapter13.indd1067/13/20115:17:31PM4.MECHANICALASPHYXIA10738.Hangingwithfeettouchingthegroundisseen45.Injudicialhangingfracture,vertebraeareseeninat(a)Suicidalhanging(a)C1C2(b)C2C3(b)Homicidalhanging(c)C4C5(d)C6C7(c)Accidentalhanging46.Injudicialhangingwhichpositionofknotis(d)Postmortemhangingmoreeective?39.Dribblingofsalivaischaracteristicof(a)Backofneck(a)Antemortemhanging(b)Sideofneck(b)Postmortemhanging(c)Belowchin(c)Homicidalstrangulation(d)Allareequallyeective(d)Suicidalstrangulation47.Theligaturemarkofstrangulationis40.Lynchingisaformof(a)Transverseandcompletelyencirclesthe(a)Sexualasphyxia(b)Homicidalhangingneck(c)Judicialhanging(d)Strangulation(b)Usuallyseenhighupintheneck41.Lynchingis(c)Usuallytwoorthreemarksareseendueto(a)PracticedinNorthAmericamultipletyingoftheligature(b)PracticedbywhitepeopleonNegroes(d)Oblique,incomplete(c)Hangingpubliclyonatree48.AligaturemarkmayNOTbeseenintheneck(d)Alloftheaboveincaseofstrangulationbyligature42.WhichoneofthestatementisNOTcorrect(a)Iftheligatureisathinropeconcerningaccidentalhanging?(b)Iftheligatureisremovedsoonafterdeath(a)Itmaybeassociatedwithabnormalsexual(c)Ifthebodyismummiedbehaviour(d)Ifthebodyisembalmed(b)Itmayoccurinworkmeninfallingfrom49.Extensivebruisingofmusclesandsubcutanscaoldingandgettingentangledinropeseoustissuesinneckischaracteristicof(c)Itmayoccurfromsuspensionofthechinby(a)Hanging(b)Strangulationthesteeringwheelofamotorcar(c)Throttling(d)Burking(d)Itmayoccurininfantwithastringattachedtoatoytiedtothecrib50.Horizontalligaturemarkintheneckisseenin(a)Throttling43.Postmortemhangingischaracterisedbythe(b)HangingfollowingEXCEPT(c)Strangulationbyligature(a)Marksofviolenceonthebody(d)Choking(b)Nodribblingofsaliva(c)Signsofdraggingonthebody51.Allofthefollowingarecharacteristicofliga(d)ContinuousligaturemarkroundtheneckturemarkofstrangulationEXCEPT(a)Themarkcompletelyencirclestheneck44.Deathinjudicialhangingisdueto(b)Itisusuallyseenhighupintheneck(a)Shock(c)Itistransverse(b)Fracturedislocationofuppercervical(d)Reddeningandcongestionispresent(c)Rapidasphyxiaimmediatelyaboveandbelowthegroove(d)Inhibitionoftheheart38.(a)39.(a)40.(b)41.(d)42.(d)43.(d)44.(b)45.(d)46.(c)47.(a)48.(b)49.(c)50.(c)51.(b)Chapter13.indd1077/13/20115:17:31PM5.108SECTIONI:FORENSICMEDICINE52.Ahorizontalcompleteligaturemarkbelowcompressedpartmaybeabsentifligaturethelevelofthyroidcartilagewithextensiveistightlyappliedontheneckuntildeathbruisingofsubcutaneoustissuesandmusclesoccursadjacenttoitindicate(d)Dislocationofcervicalvertebraemaybe(a)Accidentalstrangulationfractured(b)Homicidalhanging59.Inligaturestrangulation,thelungsshowallof(c)HomicidalstrangulationthefollowingchangesEXCEPT(d)Suicidalhanging(a)Congestionismarked53.Seminalemissionismorecommonin(b)Silverylookingspotsareseenunderthe

  • (a)Strangulationbyligaturepleuralsurface(b)Hanging(c)Microscopicareasofcollapsearepresent(c)Smothering(d)Ecchymosesandsubpleuralhaemorrhages(d)Traumaticasphyxiadonotoccur54.Maximumcongestionisseenin60.Emphysematousbullaeonthesurfaceofthe(a)Choking(b)Hanginglungsarecommonlyseenin(c)Strangulation(d)Drowning(a)Hanging55.Bleedingfromthenostrils,mouthandearsis(b)Ligaturestrangulationcommonin(c)Drowning(d)Traumaticasphyxia(a)Hanging(b)Strangulationbyligature61.Hangingdiersfromstrangulationbythefol(c)SmotheringlowingfeaturesEXCEPT(d)Choking(a)Alwayssuicidal56.Mostimportantsignofstrangulationis(b)Ligaturemarkisoblique(c)Neckiselongatedandstretched(a)Ligaturemarkaroundtheneck(d)Subcutaneoustissueunderthemarkis(b)Haemorrhageunderligaturemarkwhite,hardandglistening(c)Fractureofhyoidbone(d)Dislocationofcervicalvertebrae62.Allofthefollowingndingsindicatedeathduetoligaturestrangulationinputreedbody57.EvidenceofstrangulationincludesallEXCEPTEXCEPT(a)Ligaturemarkontheneck(a)Fractureofthelarynxorhyoidbone(b)Subconjunctivalecchymoses(b)Bruisingofthemusclesoftheneck(c)Dribblingofsalivafrommouth(c)Ligaturemark(d)Congestionofface(d)Signsofasphyxia58.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsregard63.HoldingtheneckofvictiminbendofelbowisinginternalndingsintheneckincaseofligaknownasturestrangulationisNOTtrue?(a)Throttling(b)Mugging(a)Thereissevereengorgementand(c)Bansdola(d)Garrottinghaemorrhageintothetissuesinandabovetheareacompressed64.Thefollowingarethetypeofhomicidalstran(b)ThemusclesoftheneckareusuallygulationEXCEPTlacerated(a)Bansdola(b)Mugging(c)Bruisingofthedeepertissuesinthe(c)Lynching(d)Garrotting52.(c)53.(b)54.(c)55.(b)56.(b)57.(c)58.(d)59.(d)60.(b)61.(a)62.(d)63.(b)64.(c)Chapter13.indd1087/13/20115:17:31PM6.MECHANICALASPHYXIA10965.Bansdolaisaformof71.Incaseofthrottlingbruisesontheneckmay(a)Homicidalsuocationbeseeninacompletelyhaphazardmanner(b)Homicidalstrangulation(a)Infrankstruggleofvictim(c)Homicidalhanging(b)Inchildren(d)Homicidalchoking(c)Whentheneckissmall66.Garrottingisamethodofhomicidalstrangula(d)Whentheassailantshandislargetionwhichisaccomplishedby72.Thesizeofthecontusedareasontheneckin(a)Placingonebamboostickacrossthefrontcaseofthrottlingmaybemorethanthesizeofofneckandoneattheback,andtyingboththedigitsduetoendswitharope(a)Shiftingofthegrip(b)Holdingtheneckofvictiminthebendof(b)Maintainingthepressureonthenecktheelbow(c)Interposingasoftmaterialbetweenthehand(c)Compressionoftheneckbythehandandthroat(d)Throwingaligatureovertheneckfrom(d)Pressureexertedbytherighthandbehindandquicklytighteningit67.Whichofthefollowingisusedasamethodof73.Hyoidbonefractureisseeninalloftheexecutioninsomecountries?followingEXCEPT(a)Bansdola(b)Garrotting(a)Throttling(c)Mugging(d)Smothering(b)Hanging(c)Choking68.Lastparttobedissectedduringautopsyinas(d)Strangulationbyligaturephyxiadeath(a)Neck(b)Head74.Fractureofhyoidboneismorecommonin(c)Abdomen(d)Thorax(a)Hanging69.Inasuspectedcaseofthrottling,theprocedure(b)Ligaturestrangulationadvisedatautopsyis(c)Manualstrangulation(a)Blockremovalofneckstructuresfor(d)Traumaticasphyxiasubsequentdetailedexamination75.Inthrottlingfractureofthehyoidboneiscom(b)Skullandchestareopenedandexaminedmonlyseeninbeforeinsituexaminationofneckstructures(a)greaterhorn(c)Insituexaminationofneckstructuresbefore(b)Lesserhornopeningtheskullandchest(c)Body(d)Itisimmaterialifyoufollowanyofthe(d)Bothinthebodyandgreaterhornabovemethods76.Maximumcongestionisseenin70.Incaseofthrottlingthesituationandextent(a)Chokingofthebruisedareasontheneckdependonthe(b)HangingfollowingEXCEPT(c)Strangulation(a)Relativepositionsoftheassailantand(d)Drowningvictim(b)Themannerofgraspingtheneck77.Incommandopunchtheinjuryusually(c)Thedegreeofpressureexertedupontheoccurstothroat(a)Eye(b)Neck(d)Themannerofapplicationoftheligature(c)Face(d)Chest65.(b)66.(d)67.(b)68.(c)69.(b)70.(d)71.(a)72.(a)73.(c)74.(c)75.(a)76.(c)77.(b)Chapter13.indd1097/13/20115:17:31PM7.110SECTIONI:FORENSICMEDICINE78.Thefollowingarethedierencesofstrangula85.FractureofthebodyofthyroidcartilagemaytionfromhangingEXCEPTbeseeninthefollowingconditionsEXCEPT(a)Carotidarteriesdamageisrare(a)Throttling(b)Fracturedislocationofcervicalvertebraeis(b)Inacyclistintracaccidentcommon(c)Hanging(c)Neckisnotelongated(d)Karateblowtothefrontoftheneck(d)Externalsignsofasphyxiaarewellmarked86.Bruisingofthemusclesofneckandlarynxwith79.Fractureofhyoidbone,thyroidcartilageandfractureofthyroidcartilageandhyoidboneiscricoidcartilagealongwithneckmusclebruisseenindeathduetoingsuggests(a)Hanging(a)Manualstrangulation(b)Throttling(b)Ligaturestrangulation(c)Ligaturestrangulation(c)Hanging(d)Traumaticasphyxia(d)Choking87.Palmarstrangulationiscausedby80.Fractureofhyoidbonewiththyroidcartilage(a)Forcibly

  • closingthroatbyrightpalmalongwithneckmusclebruisingsuggestsdeath(b)Forciblyclosingthroatbybothpalmsdueto(c)Forciblyclosingthroatbyngersofboth(a)Strangulation(b)Hanginghands(c)Choking(d)Gagging(d)Karateblowtothefrontoftheneck81.Bilateralcomminutedfracturesofthelarynx88.Swellingandprotrusionofthetongueismoreareusuallycausedbycommonin(a)Pressingtheneckwiththehands(a)Hanging(b)Ablowtotheneck(b)Ligaturestrangulation(c)Ligaturestrangulation(c)Traumaticasphyxia(d)Garrotting(d)Gagging82.Anteroposteriorcompressionfractureofthe89.Cricoidcartilageisusuallyfracturedinlarynxisusuallycausedby(a)Throttling(a)Ligaturestrangulation(b)Ligaturestrangulation(b)Throttling(c)Traumaticasphyxia(c)Garrotting(d)Ablowtothefrontoftheneck(d)Hanging90.Whichoneofthefollowingregardingdeath83.AdductiontypeoffractureofhyoidboneisduetothrottlingisNOTtrue?seenindeathdueto(a)Fractureofthehyoidbone(a)Ligaturestrangulation(b)Fractureofthyroidcartilage(b)Hanging(c)Collectionofbloodbehindthepharynx,(c)Throttlinglarynxandonthefrontofthecervicalspine(d)Motorvehicleaccidents(d)Fractureofcricoidcartilage84.Ablowonthelarynxmaycausedeathfrom91.Fractureofhyoidboneandlarynxindicate(a)Laryngospasm(a)Accidentalthrottling(b)Fractureofhyoidbone(b)Suicidalthrottling(c)Airembolism(c)Homicidalthrottling(d)Nerveparalysis(d)Alloftheabove78.(b)79.(a)80.(a)81.(b)82.(d)83.(c)84.(a)85.(c)86.(b)87.(b)88.(b)89.(a)90.(c)91.(c)Chapter13.indd1107/13/20115:17:31PM8.MECHANICALASPHYXIA11192.Themostcommoncauseofsuocationis98.Thepostmortemndingseeninsmothering(a)Inhalationofirrespirablegases(a)Abrasionontheinnersideoftheupperlip(b)Closureofglottis(b)Fracturebodyofhyoid(c)Pressureonchest(c)Thyroidfracture(d)Deprivationofoxygen(d)Curvedmarksontheneck93.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsregard99.ThepositivendingsofburialofalivingperingsuicidalsmotheringisNOTtrue?sonis(a)Itcanoccurbyclosingthenoseandmouth(a)Presenceofmouldsonthebodybythehand(b)Congestionofliverandspleen(b)Itispossiblebyburyingthefaceinamattress(c)Markedpulmonaryoedema(c)Itispossiblebylyingagainstthebedclothing(d)Earthorsandintracheaandbronchitoobstructthenoseandmouth100.Fromautopsy,itisextremelydiculttode(d)Itcanbeeectedbytyingapolythenebagtectoverthehead(a)Homicidalsmothering94.Insuocation,petechialhaemorrhagesmaybe(b)Homicidalgaggingseenin(c)Homicidalchoking(a)Pericardium(b)Meninges(d)Homicidalligaturestrangulation(c)Peritoneum(d)Alloftheabove101.Burkingisanamederivedfroma95.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTcorrect,(a)Placeconcerningaccidentalsmothering?(b)Person(a)Itislesscommonthansuicidalsmothering(c)Firearm(b)Itcanoccurinavitiatedatmosphere(d)Weaponusedformurder(c)Itisnotnecessarythatthemouthandnostrils102.Amethodofhomicidalsmotheringandtraushouldbecompletelyclosedatthestartmaticasphyxiaisknownas(d)Anintoxicatedpersonmaysmotherhimself(a)Choking(b)Gaggingbyburyinghisfaceinapilloworcovering(c)Burking(d)Overlayingwithbedclothes103.Amethodofsittingoverchestandclosing96.Itistrueregardingsubcutaneousruptureofnostrilsandmouthtocauseasphyxialdeathislarynxandtracheathatknownas(a)Itmayproducewidespreadsubcutaneous(a)Overlaying(b)Chokingemphysema(b)Itcanbeproducedbytheimpactionoflarge(c)Burking(d)Gaggingfoodbolus104.Burkingiscombinationofsmotheringand(c)Itisonlyapresumptionnotareality(a)Strangulationbyligature(d)Noneoftheabove(b)Throttling97.Palenessofthefacewithfewpetechialhaemor(c)Gaggingrhagesintheeyelidsareseenwhensmothering(d)Traumaticasphyxiaiscausedby105.Inburkingthecauseofdeathis(a)Closingthemouthandnosebythehand(a)Smothering(b)Inairtightplace(b)Traumaticasphyxia(c)Inhalationofirrespirablegases(c)Smotheringandtraumaticasphyxia(d)Headandfaceenclosedinaplasticbag(d)Cerebralcongestion92.(a)93.(a)94.(a)95.(a)96.(a)97.(d)98.(a)99.(d)100.(a)101.(b)102.(c)103.(c)104.(d)105.(c)Chapter13.indd1117/13/20115:17:31PM9.112SECTIONI:FORENSICMEDICINE106.Thecauseofdeathfromchokingincludeallof113.CafecoronaryisthefollowingEXCEPT(a)Atypeofdeathduetochoking(a)Asphyxia(b)Cerebralanaemia(b)Suddendeathduetocoronarythrombosis(c)Cardiacinhibition(d)Laryngealspasm(c)Deathduetoalcoholiccardiomyopathy107.Choking(d)Foodpoisoning(a)Itisaformofasphyxiacausedbymechanical114.Thecauseofdeathincafecoronaryisocclusionwithinairpassagesbyasolid(a)Asphyxiaobject(b)Coronarythrombosis(b)Atwigofmadar20cmlong(c)Suddenheartattack(c)ItispractisedinIndiabydais(d)Laryngealspasm(d)Occursduetoclosureofexternalrespiratory115.Inoverlayingdeathoccursduetoorices(a)Smothering108.Modeofdeathfromobstructionoftheairpas(b)Compressionofthechestsagesfromwithinis(c)Inhalationofgastriccontents(a)Anaemicanoxia(b)Stagnantanoxia(d)Noneoftheabove(c)Anoxicanoxia(d)Histotoxicanoxia116.Thetermoverlayingimplies109.Chokingduetoregurgitationoffoodmayoc(a)Asphyxiacausedbyanobstructionwithincurinairpassages(a)Underthe

  • inuenceofdrink(b)Homicidalsmothering(b)Headinjury(c)Asphyxiaresultingfromforcingaclothinto(c)Traumaticasphyxiamouth(d)Smothering(d)Compressionsuocation110.Deathcausedduetoregurgitationoffoodand117.Presenceofmucus,salivaandoedemauidoninhalationintotherespiratorytractiscalledtheclothingtiedovermouthandissuggestive(a)Smotheringof(b)Choking(a)Antemortemgagging(c)Traumaticasphyxia(b)Choking(d)Mugging(c)Strugglebeforedeath111.Homicidalchokingcanbeproducedwhena(d)Traumaticasphyxiavictimis118.Detectionofbuccalepitheliumonthegagging(a)Aninfantmaterialmayhelp(b)Disabled(a)Toestablishthesexofthevictim(c)Undertheinuenceofalcohol(b)Toestablishthesexoftheaccused(d)Alloftheabove(c)Toascertaintheageofthevictim112.Cafecoronarycommonlyoccursinpersons(d)Toascertaintheageoftheaccusedwho119.Traumaticasphyxiaresultsfrom(a)Hadapreviousheartattack(a)Injurytothehead(b)Intoxicated(b)Crushingofthechestandabdomen(c)Sueringfromanginalattacks(c)Crushingofthelowerlimbs(d)Alloftheabove(d)Fallfromaheightonthebuttocks106.(b)107.(a)108.(c)109.(a)110.(b)111.(d)112.(b)113.(a)114.(a)115.(b)116.(d)117.(a)118.(a)119.(b)Chapter13.indd1127/13/20115:17:32PM10.MECHANICALASPHYXIA113120.Allofthefollowingarecausesoftraumaticas(c)ColdwaterenteringeardrumsormucosaofphyxiaEXCEPTthepharynxandlarynx(a)Grosscompressionofthechestand(d)Alloftheaboveabdomen127.Atypicalarrestduetodrowningis(b)Stampedeinacrowd(a)Cardiacarrestduetodrowning(c)Fallsofearthorstoneduringtunnelling(b)Laryngospasmduetodrowning(d)Grosscompressionofthehead(c)Drowninginunconsciousstate121.Allthefollowingcancausetraumaticasphyxia(d)AlloftheaboveEXCEPT128.Drydrowningis(a)Railwayaccident(a)Whenapersonfallsinadrywellanddies(b)Roadtracaccident(b)Deathoccursduetofallinwaterfromspasm(c)Stampedeincrowdoflarynx(d)Accidentalstrangulation(c)Fallsinwateranddieduetovagal122.Thecharacteristicfeatureoftraumaticasphyxiainhibitionis(d)Alloftheabove(a)Multiplefracturesofbones129.WhichisNOTacontributorycauseofdeath(b)Deeppurplecolourofthehead,neckandinimmersionsyndrome?upperchest(a)Coldwaterenteringthepharynxand(c)Collapseofthelungslarynx(d)Abrasionsandcontusionsaroundthemouth(b)Coldwaterstimulatingthenerveendingsofandnosethesurfaceofthebody123.Whichofthefollowingisnotacauseofdeath(c)Highemotionduetosuocation?(d)Hyperkalaemia(a)Choking(b)Gagging130.Thesaltconcentrationofseawaterisabout(c)Smothering(d)Throtting(a)0.5%(b)0.1%124.Deathisusuallyaccidentalinthefollowing(c)2.0%(d)3.0%conditionsEXCEPT131.Infreshwaterdrowningthereis(a)Traumaticasphyxia(b)Choking(a)Hypernatraemia(c)Gagging(d)Overlaying(b)Hyperkalaemia125.Thetermdrydrowningisusedwhendeath(c)Hypermagnesaemiaoccurs(d)Hypercalcaemia(a)Withinhalfhourtoseveraldaysafter132.Hypervolaemiaandhyperkalaemiaareseeninresuscitation(a)Freshwaterdrowning(b)Fromimmediatesustainedlaryngealspasm(b)Saltwaterdrowning(c)Fromvagalinhibition(c)Drydrowning(d)Fromhyperkalaemia(d)Immersionsyndrome126.Inimmersionsyndromedeathresultsfromva133.Haemodilutionoccursingalinhibitiondueto(a)Seawaterdrowning(a)Coldwaterstrikingtheepigastrium(b)Freshwaterdrowning(b)Coldwaterstimulatingthesensorynerves(c)Bothseawaterandfreshwaterdrowningintheskin(d)Noneoftheabove120.(d)121.(d)122.(b)123.(d)124.(c)125.(b)126.(d)127.(d)128.(b)129.(d)130.(d)131.(b)132.(a)133.(b)Chapter13.indd1137/13/20115:17:32PM11.114SECTIONI:FORENSICMEDICINE134.Exchangeofwaterindrowningatalveolarlevel(a)Totalasphyxiaisproducedduetofreshdependsuponwaterdrowning(a)Quantityofthewaterinhaled(b)Laryngospasmcausesvagalinhibition(b)Osmoticgradientbetweenbloodandwater(c)Haemoconcentrationofbloodcausedby(c)Thicknessofthealveolarseptaosmoticpressureeect(d)Alloftheabove(d)Haemodilution,overloadingofheartand135.Thecommoncauseofdeathinfreshwaterhaemolysisresultinginreleaseofpotassiumdrowningis142.Fatalperiodinfreshwaterdrowningisabout(a)Asphyxia(a)2to3minutes(b)4to5minutes(b)Ventricularbrillation(c)4to8minutes(d)8to10minutes(c)Laryngealspasm143.Hypernatraemiaisseenin(d)Vagalinhibition(a)Freshwaterdrowning136.Thecommoncauseofdeathinseawater(b)Saltwaterdrowningdrowningis(c)Immersionsyndrome(a)Laryngealspasm(b)Vagalinhibition(d)Alloftheabove(c)Exhaustion(d)Asphyxia144.Signsofasphyxiaareabsentin137.Indrydrowningdeathisdueto(a)Wetdrowning(a)Laryngealspasm(b)Drydrowning(b)Exhaustion(c)Secondarydrowning(c)Ventricularbrillation(d)Seawaterdrowning(d)Vagalinhibition145.Slowdeathoccursfromasphyxiain138.Thecauseofdeathinimmersionsyndromeis(a)Freshwaterdrowning(a)Laryngealspasm(b)Saltwaterdrowning(b)Ventricularbrillation(c)Secondarydrowning(c)Vagalinhibition(d)Immersionsyndrome(d)Asphyxia146.Indrowninginunconsciousstatethelungs139.The

  • complicationofdrowninginfreshwaterisare(a)Haemodilution(a)Ballooned(b)Severepulmonaryoedema(b)Notballooned(c)Hypokalaemia(c)Collapsed(d)Hypernatraemia(d)Showcongestionandpetechialhaemorrhages140.Reexcardiacarrestisdueto147.Whichofthefollowingisnotseeninseawater(a)Suddenowofwaterintothenasopharynxdrowning?(b)Suddenthrustofwaterovertheabdominal(a)Hypernatraemiaregion(b)Hyperkalaemia(c)Inboth(a)and(b)(c)Fluidretention(d)Doesnotoccurindrowning(d)Intravasculardehydration141.Incaseoffreshwaterdrowningdeathoccurs148.Victimofdrowninginastateofsuspendedwithin4to5minofsubmersionduetovenanimationcanberevivedwithintricularbrillation.Whichofthefollowing(a)10to20minutes(b)30to60minutesreasonsisresponsibleforthis?(c)1to2hours(d)2to3hours134.(b)135.(b)136.(d)137.(a)138.(c)139.(a)140.(c)141.(d)142.(c)143.(b)144.(c)145.(b)146.(b)147.(b)148.(a)Chapter13.indd1147/13/20115:17:32PM12.MECHANICALASPHYXIA115149.Atautopsy,abodywasfoundtohavenefroth157.Mostimportantsignofdeathduetodrowningfromthenoseandmouthwhichincreasedoniscompressionofthechest.Whichofthefollow(a)Washerwomanshandsandfeetingisthemostlikelycauseofdeath?(b)Weedsandgrassgraspedinthehands(a)Opioidpoisoning(b)Hanging(c)Cutisanserina(c)Drowning(d)Cyanidepoisoning(d)Cyanosis150.Reactionphenomenonisseenin158.Importantsignofantemortemdrowningisin(a)Burns(b)Drowningdicatedby(c)Poisoning(d)Gunshotinjury(a)Cutisanserina151.Itistrueregardingseawaterandfreshwater(b)Frothyuidinmouthandnostrildrowningthat(c)Grassandweedsinhands(a)Themechanismofdeathisthesame(d)Washerwomenshands(b)Themechanismofdeathisdierent159.Postmortemstainingisusuallyfoundonthe(c)Themechanismofdeathisthesamebuttheface,upperpartofthechestandhandsandfeettimetakenisdierentindeathdueto(d)Alloftheabove(a)Choking(b)Strangulation152.Rigormortisincaseofdrowning(c)Drowning(d)Traumaticasphyxia(a)Appearslate160.Themostcharacteristicexternalsignofdrown(b)Appearsearlyingis(c)Hasnoeectonappearance(a)Cutisanserina(d)Appearsearlyinpostmortemdrowning(b)Washerwomanshandsandfeet153.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabout(c)Fine,white,latheryfrothatthemouthandfreshwaterdrowning?nostrils(a)Hypovolaemia(d)Distendedabdomen(b)Ventricularbrillation(c)Hyperkalaemia161.Specicgravityofhumanbodyis(d)Haemolysis(a)1.08(b)2.01(c)1.05(d)2.35154.Cutisanserinaisseenin(a)Drowning(b)Hanging162.Largequantityoffrothisfoundatthemouth(c)Electrocution(d)Mummicationandnoseinthefollowing,EXCEPT155.Washerwomanshandsandfeetareusuallyseen(a)Strangulationinacaseofdrowningin(b)Electricalshock(a)6to12hours(b)18to24hours(c)Traumaticasphyxia(c)24to36hours(d)36to48hours(d)Opiumpoisoning156.Allofthefollowingarefeaturesofwasher163.Achildgotdrownedinapond.Themostcharwomanshands,EXCEPTacteristicndingatautopsyis(a)Soddeningoftheskin(a)Petechialhaemorrhages(b)Thinningoftheskin(b)Washerwomansfeet(c)Wrinklingoftheskin(c)Cutisanserina(d)Bleachingoftheskin(d)Frothatmouthandinrespiratorypassage149.(c)150.(b)151.(b)152.(b)153.(a)154.(a)155.(b)156.(b)157.(b)158.(c)159.(c)160.(c)161.(a)162.(c)163.(d)Chapter13.indd1157/13/20115:17:32PM13.116SECTIONI:FORENSICMEDICINE164.Frothofdrowningcanbedierentiatedfrom(b)Frothinthetracheathatduetoothercausesby(c)Mudandsandparticlesintheterminal(a)Microscopicdetectionofmucusbronchioles(b)Detectingexcessofsodiumchloride(d)Diatomsinthelungs(c)Detectingexcessofpotassium171.Infreshwaterdrowningthelungsare(d)Detectingexcessofmagnesium(a)Balloonedbutlightinweight165.Absenceoffoamindrowningcanbefoundin(b)Balloonedandheavy(a)Drydrowning(c)Theshapeofsectionedportionisnot(b)Immersionsyndromeretained(c)Both(a)and(b)(d)Copiousamountsofuidpoursoutofthe(d)Wetdrowningcutsection166.Thecolourofthepostmortemstainingmaybe172.Insaltwaterdrowningthelungsarepinkorcyanoticindeathdueto(a)Balloonedandheavy(a)Hanging(b)Balloonedbutlightinweight(b)Drowning(c)Palepinkincolour(c)Traumaticasphyxia(d)Onsectionwaterdoesnotpourout(d)Throttling173.Indeathduetodrowninginseadierenceof167.Theimportantndingofantemortemdrownatleast%inchloridecontentinleftandingisrightsideofheartissignicant(a)Frothinmouthandnostrils(a)5(b)10(b)Washerwomanshandsandfeet(c)25(d)60(c)Fluidandairinthebronchi174.Apersonbroughttocasualtyshowingfrothat(d)Haemoconcentrationthemouthandnose,whichincreasesoncom168.Allofthefollowingarethendingsinseawapressionofchest,isseeninterdrowningEXCEPT(a)Secondarydrowning(a)Pulmonaryoedema(b)Strangulation(b)Hypernatraemia(c)Drydrowning(c)Hyperkalaemia(d)Hanging(d)Haemoconcentration175.Petechialhaemorrhagesindrowningmaybe169.Regurgitationofgastriccontentsintothelarseeninynxandtracheaincasesofdrowningisdueto(a)Subpleuraltissuesoflung(a)Ingestionoflargequantitiesofwater(b)

  • Submucosaoftrachea(b)Medullaryhypoxia(c)Bronchioles(c)Stimulationofgastricmucosabysubstances(d)Alveoliiningestedwater176.Drowningcanbediagnosedifthereis(d)Alloftheabove(a)Cyanosis170.Themostcharacteristicinternalndingin(b)Fractureofhyoidbonedrowningis(c)Wateranddiatomsinlungsandstomach(a)Emphysemaaquosum(d)Alloftheabove164.(a)165.(c)166.(b)167.(c)168.(c)169.(b)170.(c)171.(a)172.(a)173.(c)174.(a)175.(a)176.(c)Chapter13.indd1167/13/20115:17:32PM14.MECHANICALASPHYXIA117177.Drowningischaracterisedbythefollowing185.Incasesofdeathduetodrowning,waterinsignsEXCEPTsmallintestineis(a)Lungsareballooned(a)Animportantnding(b)Tracheaandbronchicontainfrothandsand(b)Notanimportantnding(c)Diatomsarepresent(c)Helpsinestimatingtimesincedeath(d)Stomachisemptywhilelungsarefullof(d)Noneoftheabovewater186.Temporalbonehaemorrhagesarefoundin178.Bulkyoedematouslungswithnefrothand(a)Throttling(b)Drowningdiatomsaresuggestiveof(c)Cyanidepoisoning(d)Arsenicpoisoning(a)Antemortemdrowning187.Inaputreedbody,themostimportantnd(b)Postmortemdrowningingindicatingdeathduetodrowningis(c)Antemortemhanging(a)Specicgravityofplasmafromrightsideof(d)Suicidalhangingheartismorethanleft179.Indrowning,emphysemaaquosumisseenin(b)Dierenceinchlorideinrightandleftside(a)30%(b)50%ofheart(c)80%(d)95%(c)Presenceofwaterinthepleuralcavities180.Emphysemaaquosumisseenin(d)Presenceofdiatomsininternalorgans(a)Wetdrowning188.Ifthepostmortemisdelayedinacaseofdrown(b)Drydrowninging(c)Secondarydrowning(a)Thetypicalndingsinthelungsmay(d)Immersionsyndromedisappear(b)Thetypicalndingsinthelungsarenot181.Paltaufshaemorrhagesareseeninaected(a)Electrocution(b)Hanging(c)Thediatomtestbecomesnegative(c)Throttling(d)Drowning(d)Noneoftheabove182.Presenceofaquaticvegetationinlowerrespira189.Aciddigestiontechniqueisusedfortorytractinacaseofdrowning(a)Detectionofalgaeinstomachcontentsin(a)Ispositiveproofofdrowningdrowning(b)Notadenitesign(b)Detectionofdiatomsintissuesin(c)Notsignicantatalldrowning(d)Canbeseeninbothantemortemand(c)Detectionofmetallicpiecesinthemusclespostmortemdrowning(d)Alloftheabove183.Waterisfoundinthestomachincasesof190.Oneofthefollowingisasuresignofdeathduedrowningintodrowning(a)20to30%cases(b)30to40%cases(a)Cutisanserina(c)50to60%cases(d)60to70%cases(b)Waterinthestomach184.Watercanbeabsentinthestomachincasesof(c)Pulmonaryoedemadrowningdueto(d)Diatomsdetectedinbonemarrow(a)Immersionsyndrome191.Theconrmatorylaboratorytestfordeathdue(b)Putrefactiontodrowninginseawateris(c)Both(a)and(b)(a)Diatomtest(b)Chloridetest(d)Absorptionofwaterafterdeath(c)Specicgravitytest(d)Noneoftheabove177.(d)178.(a)179.(c)180.(a)181.(d)182.(a)183.(d)184.(c)185.(a)186.(b)187.(d)188.(a)189.(b)190.(d)191.(d)Chapter13.indd1177/13/20115:17:32PM15.118SECTIONI:FORENSICMEDICINE192.Commonesttypeofdrowningis(a)Diatomtest(a)Suicidal(b)Accidental(b)Chloridetest(c)Homicidal(d)Undetermined(c)Magnesiumestimation193.Accidentaldrowningcanberuledoutif(d)Noneoftheabove(a)Handsandfeetaretiedbyaligature200.Infakeddrowning,thefollowingsignsmaybe(b)ThebodyistiedupinsideagunnybagpresentEXCEPT(c)Heavyweightsareattachedtothebody(a)Lungswillbenormal(d)Alloftheabove(b)Heartshowsnormalchloridecontentsin194.Whichofthefollowingsignwillindicatethatbothchambersthedeathduetodrowningwasantemortem?(c)Tracheawillnotbecongested(a)Cutisanserina(d)Cutisanserinawillbeprominent(b)Washerwomanshands201.Inapersonwhodiedofdrowninginseawater(c)Weedsandgrassinthehands(a)Lungsarepalepink(d)Cyanosis(b)Signsofasphyxiaarenotseen195.Hydrostaticlungcanbeseen(c)Stomachdoesnotcontainwater(a)Ifthebodyisremovedfromwaterwithin6(d)Thechloridecontentofleftsideofheartishoursofdrowninghigher(b)Ifthebodyremainsinwateratadepthof2202.Diatomsaremetresfor20hours(a)Parasites(b)Algae(c)Insecondarydrowning(c)Bacteria(d)Fungi(d)Drowninginshallowwater203.Theconclusivepostmortemndingofdeath196.Falsenegativehydrostatictestinalivebornbydrowningisfoetusisseenin(a)Cutisanserina(a)Atelectasis(b)Articialrespiration(b)Presenceofwaterinthemiddleear(c)Emphysema(d)Putrefaction(c)Oedematouslung197.Inasuspectedcaseofdrowningdiatomscanbe(d)Demonstrationofdiatomsintheorgansoflookedforinthebody(a)Brain(b)Bonemarrow204.Gettlerstestisusedin(c)Liver(d)Alloftheabove(a)Hanging(b)Strangulation198.Dierenciatebetweenfreshwaterdrowning(c)Drowning(d)Poisoningandseawaterdrowning205.Bleachingofcuticlebeginsafter(a)Frothingisseeninfreshwaterdrowning(a)4to8hoursofimmersiononly(b)12hoursofimmersion(b)Diatomsarefoundinthesternumin(c)24hoursofimmersionfreshwaterdrowning(d)48hoursofimmersion(c)Increaseinthechloridelevelsintheleftsideofheart206.Floatationofabodyinwaterisdueto(d)Pulmonaryoedema(a)Fleshbeingeatenbyshes199.The

  • followingistheabsoluteandconrmatory(b)Presenceofgaseslaboratorytestfordeathsduetodrowningin(c)Waterloggingofbodyseawater(d)Alloftheabove192.(b)193.(d)194.(c)195.(b)196.(a)197.(d)198.(c)199.(d)200.(d)201.(d)202.(b)203.(d)204.(c)205.(a)206.(b)Chapter13.indd1187/13/20115:17:32PM16.MECHANICALASPHYXIA119207.Adeadbodywilloatinsummerafterdrown(c)Cancausedelayeddeathingin(d)Cancausesecondarydrowning(a)6to12hours(b)12to24hours211.Themostfatalcomplicationthatcanoccurto(c)24to36hours(d)36to48hoursdivers(underhighatmosphericpressure)is208.Airpocketsinclothingmaycause(a)Pulmonaryoedema(a)Earlyoatationofthebody(b)Airembolism(b)Lateoatationofthebody(c)Vagalinhibition(c)Noeectonoatation(d)Suocation(d)Nooatationatall212.Sexualasphyxiasarecommonlyassociated209.Deepinspirationabovethewaterlevelmaywithcause(a)Sadism(b)Fetichism(a)Noeectonoatationofbody(c)Masochism(d)Voyeurism(b)Earlyoatationofbody213.Themostfrequentmethodofsexualasphyxias(c)Lateoatationofbodyis(d)Lateoatationofbodyonlyinseawater(a)Hanging210.Hyperventilationbeforedrowning(b)Electricalstimulationofgenitals(a)Cancauseimmediatedeath(c)Envelopingtheheadinaplasticbag(b)Doesnotaltertheprocessofdrowning(d)Inhalationofstupefyingsubstances207.(b)208.(a)209.(b)210.(c)211.(b)212.(c)213.(a)Chapter13.indd1197/13/20115:17:32PM

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