ME-250ME-250ME-250ME-250

Introduction to the Recording Introduction to the Recording Studio and Music IndustryStudio and Music Industry

Introduction to the Recording Introduction to the Recording Studio and Music IndustryStudio and Music Industry

What is the Music What is the Music Industry?Industry?

What is the Music What is the Music Industry?Industry?

A multi-billion dollar industry A multi-billion dollar industry encompassing a wide range of encompassing a wide range of professions, including creative professions, including creative artists as well as numerous service-artists as well as numerous service-oriented, legal and financial jobs.oriented, legal and financial jobs.

Companies can range from single Companies can range from single entrepreneurs to large multi-entrepreneurs to large multi-national corporations.national corporations.

A multi-billion dollar industry A multi-billion dollar industry encompassing a wide range of encompassing a wide range of professions, including creative professions, including creative artists as well as numerous service-artists as well as numerous service-oriented, legal and financial jobs.oriented, legal and financial jobs.

Companies can range from single Companies can range from single entrepreneurs to large multi-entrepreneurs to large multi-national corporations.national corporations.

A Few Jobs in the Music A Few Jobs in the Music Industry…Industry…

A Few Jobs in the Music A Few Jobs in the Music Industry…Industry…

Recording/Performing Artist - Recording/Performing Artist - “face” “face” of the projectof the project

Record Producer - Record Producer - responsible for all responsible for all aspects of projectaspects of project

Musician - Musician - plays an instrumentplays an instrument Sound Engineer - Sound Engineer - responsible for the responsible for the

technical aspect - live sound, recording, technical aspect - live sound, recording, mixing, masteringmixing, mastering

Recording/Performing Artist - Recording/Performing Artist - “face” “face” of the projectof the project

Record Producer - Record Producer - responsible for all responsible for all aspects of projectaspects of project

Musician - Musician - plays an instrumentplays an instrument Sound Engineer - Sound Engineer - responsible for the responsible for the

technical aspect - live sound, recording, technical aspect - live sound, recording, mixing, masteringmixing, mastering

Other Jobs…Other Jobs…Other Jobs…Other Jobs… Composer - writes/orchestrates/arranges musicComposer - writes/orchestrates/arranges music Songwriter - writes songs - “tunesmith”Songwriter - writes songs - “tunesmith” Lyricist - writes the lyricsLyricist - writes the lyrics Artist ManagementArtist Management A&R – Artist & Repertoire: “talent scout”A&R – Artist & Repertoire: “talent scout” PromoterPromoter Music Educator - teaches musicMusic Educator - teaches music Music Therapist - medical/therapeutic uses for musicMusic Therapist - medical/therapeutic uses for music DoctorDoctor LawyerLawyer MarketingMarketing Mailroom guy (or gal), Receptionist, Runner, Mailroom guy (or gal), Receptionist, Runner,

Assistant, etc. etc. etc.Assistant, etc. etc. etc.

Composer - writes/orchestrates/arranges musicComposer - writes/orchestrates/arranges music Songwriter - writes songs - “tunesmith”Songwriter - writes songs - “tunesmith” Lyricist - writes the lyricsLyricist - writes the lyrics Artist ManagementArtist Management A&R – Artist & Repertoire: “talent scout”A&R – Artist & Repertoire: “talent scout” PromoterPromoter Music Educator - teaches musicMusic Educator - teaches music Music Therapist - medical/therapeutic uses for musicMusic Therapist - medical/therapeutic uses for music DoctorDoctor LawyerLawyer MarketingMarketing Mailroom guy (or gal), Receptionist, Runner, Mailroom guy (or gal), Receptionist, Runner,

Assistant, etc. etc. etc.Assistant, etc. etc. etc.

Highlights of Music Recording Highlights of Music Recording TechnologyTechnology

Highlights of Music Recording Highlights of Music Recording TechnologyTechnology

1877 – wax cylinder phonograph (Edison)1877 – wax cylinder phonograph (Edison) 1888 – lateral-cut disc (Berliner)1888 – lateral-cut disc (Berliner) 1924 – electrical recording (Western Electric)1924 – electrical recording (Western Electric) 1930’s – experiments in stereo (Blumlein, Bell Labs)1930’s – experiments in stereo (Blumlein, Bell Labs) 1940’s – magnetic tape (Ampex)1940’s – magnetic tape (Ampex) 1948 – LP introduced (CBS); EP introduced (RCA)1948 – LP introduced (CBS); EP introduced (RCA) 1958 – stereo LP introduced (RCA)1958 – stereo LP introduced (RCA) 1964 – Studer J37 4-track recorder1964 – Studer J37 4-track recorder 1965 – cassette introduced1965 – cassette introduced 1970’s – first commercial digital audio recordings1970’s – first commercial digital audio recordings 1982 – CD introduced1982 – CD introduced 1983 – MIDI introduced1983 – MIDI introduced 1991 – ProTools introduced1991 – ProTools introduced 1991 – World Wide Web becomes publicly accessible1991 – World Wide Web becomes publicly accessible 1997 – DVD introduced1997 – DVD introduced 2006 - Blu-ray disc introduced2006 - Blu-ray disc introduced

1877 – wax cylinder phonograph (Edison)1877 – wax cylinder phonograph (Edison) 1888 – lateral-cut disc (Berliner)1888 – lateral-cut disc (Berliner) 1924 – electrical recording (Western Electric)1924 – electrical recording (Western Electric) 1930’s – experiments in stereo (Blumlein, Bell Labs)1930’s – experiments in stereo (Blumlein, Bell Labs) 1940’s – magnetic tape (Ampex)1940’s – magnetic tape (Ampex) 1948 – LP introduced (CBS); EP introduced (RCA)1948 – LP introduced (CBS); EP introduced (RCA) 1958 – stereo LP introduced (RCA)1958 – stereo LP introduced (RCA) 1964 – Studer J37 4-track recorder1964 – Studer J37 4-track recorder 1965 – cassette introduced1965 – cassette introduced 1970’s – first commercial digital audio recordings1970’s – first commercial digital audio recordings 1982 – CD introduced1982 – CD introduced 1983 – MIDI introduced1983 – MIDI introduced 1991 – ProTools introduced1991 – ProTools introduced 1991 – World Wide Web becomes publicly accessible1991 – World Wide Web becomes publicly accessible 1997 – DVD introduced1997 – DVD introduced 2006 - Blu-ray disc introduced2006 - Blu-ray disc introduced

Stages of Making a RecordStages of Making a RecordStages of Making a RecordStages of Making a Record Pre-productionPre-production

Writing/arranging/rehearsing songsWriting/arranging/rehearsing songs The “Demo”The “Demo”

Planning/preparationPlanning/preparation

Production/Post-ProductionProduction/Post-Production RecordingRecording EditingEditing MixingMixing MasteringMastering

Duplication/Distribution/SalesDuplication/Distribution/Sales Methods of distribution – physical vs. virtualMethods of distribution – physical vs. virtual Marketing and promotionMarketing and promotion

TouringTouring MerchandiseMerchandise

LicensingLicensing

Pre-productionPre-production Writing/arranging/rehearsing songsWriting/arranging/rehearsing songs

The “Demo”The “Demo” Planning/preparationPlanning/preparation

Production/Post-ProductionProduction/Post-Production RecordingRecording EditingEditing MixingMixing MasteringMastering

Duplication/Distribution/SalesDuplication/Distribution/Sales Methods of distribution – physical vs. virtualMethods of distribution – physical vs. virtual Marketing and promotionMarketing and promotion

TouringTouring MerchandiseMerchandise

LicensingLicensing

Legal StuffLegal StuffLegal StuffLegal Stuff Copyright - ownership of intellectual property (IP)Copyright - ownership of intellectual property (IP)

An idea “Fixed in a tangible medium of expression”An idea “Fixed in a tangible medium of expression”

Publishing - selling and marketing (exploitation) of IPPublishing - selling and marketing (exploitation) of IP Licensing - use of IPLicensing - use of IP

Print – Sheet MusicPrint – Sheet Music Synchronization – Visual Media (TV and Movies)Synchronization – Visual Media (TV and Movies) Mechanical – Sound recordingsMechanical – Sound recordings Performance – broadcast and public performancePerformance – broadcast and public performance

Royalties - payment for sales/use of IPRoyalties - payment for sales/use of IP Different Royalties for Different licensesDifferent Royalties for Different licenses Recording Artists can only earn mechanical royaltiesRecording Artists can only earn mechanical royalties Points - percentage of profitsPoints - percentage of profits

Copyright - ownership of intellectual property (IP)Copyright - ownership of intellectual property (IP) An idea “Fixed in a tangible medium of expression”An idea “Fixed in a tangible medium of expression”

Publishing - selling and marketing (exploitation) of IPPublishing - selling and marketing (exploitation) of IP Licensing - use of IPLicensing - use of IP

Print – Sheet MusicPrint – Sheet Music Synchronization – Visual Media (TV and Movies)Synchronization – Visual Media (TV and Movies) Mechanical – Sound recordingsMechanical – Sound recordings Performance – broadcast and public performancePerformance – broadcast and public performance

Royalties - payment for sales/use of IPRoyalties - payment for sales/use of IP Different Royalties for Different licensesDifferent Royalties for Different licenses Recording Artists can only earn mechanical royaltiesRecording Artists can only earn mechanical royalties Points - percentage of profitsPoints - percentage of profits

How it works (sort of…)How it works (sort of…)How it works (sort of…)How it works (sort of…) Songwriter & LyricistSongwriter & Lyricist write song and own the write song and own the copyright copyright; Songwriter ; Songwriter

assignsassigns copyright to copyright to PublisherPublisher to exploit, splitting the to exploit, splitting the royaltiesroyalties with the with the publisherpublisher

PublisherPublisher shops song to TV or movie producers and record labels; issues shops song to TV or movie producers and record labels; issues a a licenselicense to use the song – i.e. they could sell a to use the song – i.e. they could sell a mechanical licensemechanical license to a to a record label or a record label or a synchronization licensesynchronization license to an ad agency for use in a to an ad agency for use in a commercialcommercial

Record LabelRecord Label obtains a obtains a mechanical licensemechanical license and uses a and uses a Recording/Performing ArtistRecording/Performing Artist to create, market and distribute a to create, market and distribute a recording of the song. Typically, the label owns the recording of the song. Typically, the label owns the Sound Recording Sound Recording CopyrightCopyright

Performing Rights OrganizationPerforming Rights Organization issues license to “perform the song issues license to “perform the song in public” (i.e. radio broadcast, live performance, MUZAK)in public” (i.e. radio broadcast, live performance, MUZAK)

Radio StationsRadio Stations and other and other “music users”“music users” obtain licenses to use the obtain licenses to use the catalog of catalog of Performing Rights OrganizationsPerforming Rights Organizations to attract listeners so to attract listeners so that they can sell air time to advertisersthat they can sell air time to advertisers

Songwriter & LyricistSongwriter & Lyricist write song and own the write song and own the copyright copyright; Songwriter ; Songwriter assignsassigns copyright to copyright to PublisherPublisher to exploit, splitting the to exploit, splitting the royaltiesroyalties with the with the publisherpublisher

PublisherPublisher shops song to TV or movie producers and record labels; issues shops song to TV or movie producers and record labels; issues a a licenselicense to use the song – i.e. they could sell a to use the song – i.e. they could sell a mechanical licensemechanical license to a to a record label or a record label or a synchronization licensesynchronization license to an ad agency for use in a to an ad agency for use in a commercialcommercial

Record LabelRecord Label obtains a obtains a mechanical licensemechanical license and uses a and uses a Recording/Performing ArtistRecording/Performing Artist to create, market and distribute a to create, market and distribute a recording of the song. Typically, the label owns the recording of the song. Typically, the label owns the Sound Recording Sound Recording CopyrightCopyright

Performing Rights OrganizationPerforming Rights Organization issues license to “perform the song issues license to “perform the song in public” (i.e. radio broadcast, live performance, MUZAK)in public” (i.e. radio broadcast, live performance, MUZAK)

Radio StationsRadio Stations and other and other “music users”“music users” obtain licenses to use the obtain licenses to use the catalog of catalog of Performing Rights OrganizationsPerforming Rights Organizations to attract listeners so to attract listeners so that they can sell air time to advertisersthat they can sell air time to advertisers

Organizations to knowOrganizations to knowOrganizations to knowOrganizations to know

RIAARIAARIAARIAA

- “The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is - “The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is the trade group that represents the U.S. recording the trade group that represents the U.S. recording industry. Its mission is to foster a business and legal industry. Its mission is to foster a business and legal climate that supports and promotes our members' creative climate that supports and promotes our members' creative and financial vitality. Its members are the record and financial vitality. Its members are the record companies that comprise the most vibrant national music companies that comprise the most vibrant national music industry in the world…In support of this mission, the RIAA industry in the world…In support of this mission, the RIAA works to protect intellectual property rights worldwide and works to protect intellectual property rights worldwide and the First Amendment rights of artists; conduct consumer the First Amendment rights of artists; conduct consumer industry and technical research; and monitor and review industry and technical research; and monitor and review state and federal laws, regulations and policies. The RIAA state and federal laws, regulations and policies. The RIAA also certifies Gold®, Platinum®, Multi-Platinum™, and also certifies Gold®, Platinum®, Multi-Platinum™, and Diamond® sales awards”Diamond® sales awards”

Source: www.riaa.comSource: www.riaa.com

- “The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is - “The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is the trade group that represents the U.S. recording the trade group that represents the U.S. recording industry. Its mission is to foster a business and legal industry. Its mission is to foster a business and legal climate that supports and promotes our members' creative climate that supports and promotes our members' creative and financial vitality. Its members are the record and financial vitality. Its members are the record companies that comprise the most vibrant national music companies that comprise the most vibrant national music industry in the world…In support of this mission, the RIAA industry in the world…In support of this mission, the RIAA works to protect intellectual property rights worldwide and works to protect intellectual property rights worldwide and the First Amendment rights of artists; conduct consumer the First Amendment rights of artists; conduct consumer industry and technical research; and monitor and review industry and technical research; and monitor and review state and federal laws, regulations and policies. The RIAA state and federal laws, regulations and policies. The RIAA also certifies Gold®, Platinum®, Multi-Platinum™, and also certifies Gold®, Platinum®, Multi-Platinum™, and Diamond® sales awards”Diamond® sales awards”

Source: www.riaa.comSource: www.riaa.com

Performing Rights Performing Rights OrganizationsOrganizations

Performing Rights Performing Rights OrganizationsOrganizations

““Performing rights organizations… are Performing rights organizations… are businesses designed to represent songwriters businesses designed to represent songwriters and publishers and their right to be and publishers and their right to be compensated for having their music performed compensated for having their music performed in public. By securing a license from SESAC, for in public. By securing a license from SESAC, for example, music users (i.e., television and radio example, music users (i.e., television and radio stations, auditoriums, restaurants, hotels, stations, auditoriums, restaurants, hotels, theme parks, malls, etc.) can legally play any theme parks, malls, etc.) can legally play any song in the SESAC repertory. Without a license song in the SESAC repertory. Without a license from a performing rights organization, music from a performing rights organization, music users are in danger of copyright infringement. “users are in danger of copyright infringement. “- www.sesac.com- www.sesac.com

““Performing rights organizations… are Performing rights organizations… are businesses designed to represent songwriters businesses designed to represent songwriters and publishers and their right to be and publishers and their right to be compensated for having their music performed compensated for having their music performed in public. By securing a license from SESAC, for in public. By securing a license from SESAC, for example, music users (i.e., television and radio example, music users (i.e., television and radio stations, auditoriums, restaurants, hotels, stations, auditoriums, restaurants, hotels, theme parks, malls, etc.) can legally play any theme parks, malls, etc.) can legally play any song in the SESAC repertory. Without a license song in the SESAC repertory. Without a license from a performing rights organization, music from a performing rights organization, music users are in danger of copyright infringement. “users are in danger of copyright infringement. “- www.sesac.com- www.sesac.com

The Big Three PRO’sThe Big Three PRO’sThe Big Three PRO’sThe Big Three PRO’s

ASCAP: American Society of ASCAP: American Society of Composers, Authors, and Composers, Authors, and PublishersPublishers

BMI: Broadcast Music, Inc.BMI: Broadcast Music, Inc. SESAC: Society of European Stage SESAC: Society of European Stage

Authors & Composers Authors & Composers

ASCAP: American Society of ASCAP: American Society of Composers, Authors, and Composers, Authors, and PublishersPublishers

BMI: Broadcast Music, Inc.BMI: Broadcast Music, Inc. SESAC: Society of European Stage SESAC: Society of European Stage

Authors & Composers Authors & Composers

Professional SocietiesProfessional SocietiesProfessional SocietiesProfessional Societies

SPARSSPARSSPARSSPARS

““The SPARS community includes audio recording The SPARS community includes audio recording and mastering facilities, manufacturers, and mastering facilities, manufacturers, engineers, and multimedia specialists — everyone engineers, and multimedia specialists — everyone from single-operator studios to large multi-room from single-operator studios to large multi-room facilities. If your business involves music facilities. If your business involves music recording, mastering, video, film, industrial or recording, mastering, video, film, industrial or corporate media, advertising, computers, corporate media, advertising, computers, interactive games, forensic audio, studio design, interactive games, forensic audio, studio design, manufacturing, internet audio, education or any manufacturing, internet audio, education or any allied industry, your colleagues are members of allied industry, your colleagues are members of SPARS.”SPARS.” www.spars.comwww.spars.com

““The SPARS community includes audio recording The SPARS community includes audio recording and mastering facilities, manufacturers, and mastering facilities, manufacturers, engineers, and multimedia specialists — everyone engineers, and multimedia specialists — everyone from single-operator studios to large multi-room from single-operator studios to large multi-room facilities. If your business involves music facilities. If your business involves music recording, mastering, video, film, industrial or recording, mastering, video, film, industrial or corporate media, advertising, computers, corporate media, advertising, computers, interactive games, forensic audio, studio design, interactive games, forensic audio, studio design, manufacturing, internet audio, education or any manufacturing, internet audio, education or any allied industry, your colleagues are members of allied industry, your colleagues are members of SPARS.”SPARS.” www.spars.comwww.spars.com

NAMMNAMMNAMMNAMM

National Association of Music MerchantsNational Association of Music Merchants ““NAMM… is the not-for-profit association that NAMM… is the not-for-profit association that

unifies, leads and strengthens the $17 billion unifies, leads and strengthens the $17 billion global music products industry. Our global music products industry. Our association—and our trade shows—serve as a association—and our trade shows—serve as a hub for people wanting to seek out the newest hub for people wanting to seek out the newest innovations in musical products, recording innovations in musical products, recording technology, sound and lighting. NAMM's technology, sound and lighting. NAMM's activities and programs are designed to activities and programs are designed to promote music making to people of all ages.”promote music making to people of all ages.”

http://www.namm.org/about

NAMM ShowNAMM Show

National Association of Music MerchantsNational Association of Music Merchants ““NAMM… is the not-for-profit association that NAMM… is the not-for-profit association that

unifies, leads and strengthens the $17 billion unifies, leads and strengthens the $17 billion global music products industry. Our global music products industry. Our association—and our trade shows—serve as a association—and our trade shows—serve as a hub for people wanting to seek out the newest hub for people wanting to seek out the newest innovations in musical products, recording innovations in musical products, recording technology, sound and lighting. NAMM's technology, sound and lighting. NAMM's activities and programs are designed to activities and programs are designed to promote music making to people of all ages.”promote music making to people of all ages.”

http://www.namm.org/about

NAMM ShowNAMM Show

AESAESAESAES ““The Audio Engineering Society…is the only professional The Audio Engineering Society…is the only professional

society devoted exclusively to audio technology…”society devoted exclusively to audio technology…” ““Technical standards are continually being developed under Technical standards are continually being developed under

the auspices of the society. Many of them have since been the auspices of the society. Many of them have since been accepted by international standards organizations as the accepted by international standards organizations as the model for their standards on the same material… “model for their standards on the same material… “

““Conventions are held annually in the U.S. and Conventions are held annually in the U.S. and Europe….Each meeting has valuable educational Europe….Each meeting has valuable educational opportunities, including a full program of technical papers, opportunities, including a full program of technical papers, seminars and workshops covering current research and new seminars and workshops covering current research and new concepts and applications. An integral part of each concepts and applications. An integral part of each convention is a comprehensive exhibit of professional convention is a comprehensive exhibit of professional equipment.”equipment.”

AES JournalAES JournalSource www.aes.orgSource www.aes.org

““The Audio Engineering Society…is the only professional The Audio Engineering Society…is the only professional society devoted exclusively to audio technology…”society devoted exclusively to audio technology…”

““Technical standards are continually being developed under Technical standards are continually being developed under the auspices of the society. Many of them have since been the auspices of the society. Many of them have since been accepted by international standards organizations as the accepted by international standards organizations as the model for their standards on the same material… “model for their standards on the same material… “

““Conventions are held annually in the U.S. and Conventions are held annually in the U.S. and Europe….Each meeting has valuable educational Europe….Each meeting has valuable educational opportunities, including a full program of technical papers, opportunities, including a full program of technical papers, seminars and workshops covering current research and new seminars and workshops covering current research and new concepts and applications. An integral part of each concepts and applications. An integral part of each convention is a comprehensive exhibit of professional convention is a comprehensive exhibit of professional equipment.”equipment.”

AES JournalAES JournalSource www.aes.orgSource www.aes.org

NARASNARASNARASNARAS

““The National Academy of Recording Arts The National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences is known variously as NARAS or and Sciences is known variously as NARAS or The Recording Academy. Established in The Recording Academy. Established in 1957, The Recording Academy is an 1957, The Recording Academy is an organization of musicians, producers, organization of musicians, producers, recording engineers and other recording recording engineers and other recording professionals dedicated to improving the professionals dedicated to improving the quality of life and cultural condition for music quality of life and cultural condition for music and its makers. The Academy is and its makers. The Academy is internationally known for the Grammy internationally known for the Grammy Awards.”Awards.”

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Academy_of_Recording_Arts_and_SciencesSource: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Academy_of_Recording_Arts_and_Sciences

““The National Academy of Recording Arts The National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences is known variously as NARAS or and Sciences is known variously as NARAS or The Recording Academy. Established in The Recording Academy. Established in 1957, The Recording Academy is an 1957, The Recording Academy is an organization of musicians, producers, organization of musicians, producers, recording engineers and other recording recording engineers and other recording professionals dedicated to improving the professionals dedicated to improving the quality of life and cultural condition for music quality of life and cultural condition for music and its makers. The Academy is and its makers. The Academy is internationally known for the Grammy internationally known for the Grammy Awards.”Awards.”

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Academy_of_Recording_Arts_and_SciencesSource: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Academy_of_Recording_Arts_and_Sciences

Trade MagazinesTrade MagazinesTrade MagazinesTrade Magazines

Sound On SoundSound On Sound MixMix TapeOpTapeOp Electronic MusicianElectronic Musician Etc., etc.Etc., etc.

Sound On SoundSound On Sound MixMix TapeOpTapeOp Electronic MusicianElectronic Musician Etc., etc.Etc., etc.

Secrets for successSecrets for successSecrets for successSecrets for success

Persistence - PerseverancePersistence - PerseverancePersistence - PerseverancePersistence - Perseverance ““Always bear in mind that your own resolution to Always bear in mind that your own resolution to

succeed is more important than any other one thing”succeed is more important than any other one thing”- Abraham Lincoln- Abraham Lincoln

““Press on.Press on. Nothing in the world can take the place of Nothing in the world can take the place of persistence. persistence. TalentTalent will not; nothing is more common will not; nothing is more common than unsuccessful men with talent. than unsuccessful men with talent. Genius Genius will not; will not; unrewarded genius is almost a proverb. unrewarded genius is almost a proverb. EducationEducation alone will not; the world is full of educated derelicts. alone will not; the world is full of educated derelicts. Persistence and determination alone are omnipotent”Persistence and determination alone are omnipotent”- Calvin CoolidgeCalvin Coolidge

““Always bear in mind that your own resolution to Always bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than any other one thing”succeed is more important than any other one thing”- Abraham Lincoln- Abraham Lincoln

““Press on.Press on. Nothing in the world can take the place of Nothing in the world can take the place of persistence. persistence. TalentTalent will not; nothing is more common will not; nothing is more common than unsuccessful men with talent. than unsuccessful men with talent. Genius Genius will not; will not; unrewarded genius is almost a proverb. unrewarded genius is almost a proverb. EducationEducation alone will not; the world is full of educated derelicts. alone will not; the world is full of educated derelicts. Persistence and determination alone are omnipotent”Persistence and determination alone are omnipotent”- Calvin CoolidgeCalvin Coolidge

NetworkingNetworkingNetworkingNetworking

““It’s not what you know, it’s who you It’s not what you know, it’s who you know” – unknownknow” – unknown

““It’s not what you know, it’s who It’s not what you know, it’s who knows you” – Harvey Mackayknows you” – Harvey Mackay

It doesn’t matter how good you are or It doesn’t matter how good you are or how much you know: If nobody knows how much you know: If nobody knows that you exist, you will starve to that you exist, you will starve to death very quietly death very quietly

““It’s not what you know, it’s who you It’s not what you know, it’s who you know” – unknownknow” – unknown

““It’s not what you know, it’s who It’s not what you know, it’s who knows you” – Harvey Mackayknows you” – Harvey Mackay

It doesn’t matter how good you are or It doesn’t matter how good you are or how much you know: If nobody knows how much you know: If nobody knows that you exist, you will starve to that you exist, you will starve to death very quietly death very quietly

Work ethic - ReputationWork ethic - ReputationWork ethic - ReputationWork ethic - Reputation We always do our best work, regardless… We always do our best work, regardless…

you are always working for your reputation. you are always working for your reputation. This is better than cash in hand because it This is better than cash in hand because it will determine your future gigs…”will determine your future gigs…”- Gary Gottlieb/Paul Hennerich “Recording on the Gary Gottlieb/Paul Hennerich “Recording on the

Go”Go”

"We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, "We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, therefore, is not an act, but a habit." therefore, is not an act, but a habit." - AristotleAristotle

““Your career is long and the business world Your career is long and the business world is small. Always act with integrity.” is small. Always act with integrity.”

- Joanna Shields - Joanna Shields

We always do our best work, regardless… We always do our best work, regardless… you are always working for your reputation. you are always working for your reputation. This is better than cash in hand because it This is better than cash in hand because it will determine your future gigs…”will determine your future gigs…”- Gary Gottlieb/Paul Hennerich “Recording on the Gary Gottlieb/Paul Hennerich “Recording on the

Go”Go”

"We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, "We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, therefore, is not an act, but a habit." therefore, is not an act, but a habit." - AristotleAristotle

““Your career is long and the business world Your career is long and the business world is small. Always act with integrity.” is small. Always act with integrity.”

- Joanna Shields - Joanna Shields