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Medical News.UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD : Litchfield Lecturer in

Surgery.-Edmund Cecil Bevers, B.M., M.A., F.R.C.S., hasbeen appointed Litchfield Lecturer in Surgery, for twoyears from Jan. 5th, 1922, in succession to A. P. Dodds-Parker, B.M., M.A., F.R.C.S.ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF ENGLAND.-An

ordinary Council meeting was held on March 9th, Sir AnthonyBowlby being in the chair.-A report was read from theBoard of Examiners in Dental Surgery respecting candidatesfound qualified for the licence in dental surgery, and licenceswere granted to 65 candidates.-A report, dated Feb. 14th,from the committee of management regarding the draftrules of the General Medical Council for diplomas and degreesin public health was approved and adopted.-A report,dated Feb. 21st, from the committee of management on thedraft recommendations of the General Medical Council inregard to professional examinations was approved andadopted.-A report, dated March 1st, was received from thecommittee of management submitting new regulations of theConjoint Examining Board of England, setting forth a

revised course of study and examination which it is proposedshould be made applicable to candidates who have notpassed the required preliminary examination in generaleducation before Jan. 1st, 1923. As recommended by thecommittee of management, the new regulations of theConjoint Board were approved provisionally.-A letter wasread from Mr. F. G. Spencer, reporting his attendance asthe representative of the College at the annual meeting onFeb. 23rd- of the Central Council for District Nursingin London, and enclosing a copy of the seventh annualreport of this Council. Mr. Spencer was thanked for hisservices.At a meeting of the Council held on March 9th, Sir Anthony

Bowlby, the President, in the chair, licences to practisedentistry were conferred upon 65 candidates (including twowomen) who have passed the requisite examinations and havecomplied with the necessary by-laws. The following arethe names and schools of the successful candidates :-H. K. Banks, Guy’s ; D. Barker, Royal Dental; A. G. R.Bench, London ; E. C. Bevis, Guy’s ; I. Blain, Manchester ;F. Brown, Birmingham ; A. R. Churchyard, R. R. Course,and Cicely M. Cox-Moore, Royal Dental; G. Curle and A. B.Daneel, Guy’s ; G. S. Deighton, R. Dickinson, W. Downs,and V. E. B. Durant, Royal Dental; K. W. Eady and D. C.Eglington, Guy’s ; L. F. Elston, Royal Dental; LilianForbes, LTniv. Coll. ; C. A. R. Goonewardene, Royal Dental;L. G. Gray, G. G. T. Haynes, and L. G. Hemmings,Guy’s ; R. B. Hilton, S. A. Holford, and J. B. Hubbard,Royal Dental: R. Hughes, Guy’s ; R. L. Jenkins, RoyalDental; J. R. Keay, Birmingham ; G. B. Kempster andR. V. Kenroy, Guy’s ; J. 0. Knowles and L. S. Levien,Royal Dental; M. Lewis and S. Masey, Guy’s; M. J.Matley-Moore, Birmingham ; R. W. May, Royal Dental;S. P. Meacook, Guy’s ; H. A. L. Morris, Royal Dental;D. A. Parsons and C. M. A. Pauw, Guy’s ; J. E. Phillips,Royal Dental; P. Pienaar, Guy’s ; J. E. Pike, Royal Dental;J. F. Pilbeam, Guy’s ; H. E. Pow and J. R. Reed. RoyalDental; E. A. Reeve, London : J. D. P. Roberts and E.Samuels, Guy’S; J. T. Sharp, Manchester ; G. H. Smith,Guy’s ; G. R. Smith, Royal Dental; W. A. Strickland,Guy’s ; R. C. Taylor, Birmingham ; A. Taylour, RoyalDental; P. G. Traiford, Guy’s; G. F. Urwin and A. G.Vinsen, Royal Dental; P. J. Walters, Guy’s ; S. B. Warden,Bombay and Royal Dental; F. W. Watt, P. H. Williams,and T. L. Winn, Guy’s ; and E. L. Wyatt, Royal Dental.ROYAL FACULTY OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OF

GLASGOW.-The following have been admitted (after examina-tion) as Fellows of this Faculty : Edward Mitchell ErskineCumming and Harold Kirkby Rowntree.ROYAL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN.-The

Friday evening discourse next week, on March 24th, at9 P.M., will be delivered by Prof. F. G. Donnan, F.R.S.,on Auxiliary International Languages. On March 21st,at 3 P.M., Sir Arthur Keith, F.R.S., on AnthropologicalProblems of the British Empire : Series I.--Racial Problemsin Asia and Australasia. (Lecture V.) On Thursday,March 23rd, at 3 P.M., Dr. P. Chalmers Mitchell, F.R.S., willgive his second lecture on the Cinema as a ZoologicalMethod. On March 25th, at 3 P.M., Sir Ernest Ruther-ford, F.R.S., Professor of Natural Philosophy, R.I., onRadioactivity.LANCASHIRE ASYLUMS BOARD AND DR. LOMAX.-

After discussion and consideration of a letter from theMinistry of Health, requesting the Asylums Board toappoint representatives to give evidence before the conl-mittee on March 15th into the administration of publicmental hospitals, the Board decided that the followingmembers of the Board should attend the inquiry : thechairman and vice-chairman, the chairman of thePrestwich Visiting Committee, and one other representative.

UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER.-The Council haveappointed Mr. Arthur Lapworth, D.Sc., F.R.S., at presentprofessor of organic chemistry in the University, to the SirSamuel Hall chair of chemistry and to the directorship ofthe chemical laboratories, as from the beginning of thesession 1922-23.

Manchester University Roll of Service.-This handsomevolume contains the names of past and present membersof the University, whether teachers, students, or officials,.who served with the British Navy, Army, or AirForce, with the armed forces of the Overseas Dominions,or with the Allies during the war, together with namesof women who served with Queen Mary’s Auxiliary Coi-p,%or with similar organisations. Those who entered theUniversity after demobilisation and not later than April,1920, and those whose only connexion with the Universityconsisted of membership of the University contingent of theOfficers Training Corps, are also included. The obituary listcontains 500 names and the general list 3675.ROYAL SANITARY INSTITUTE.-The Council of the

Royal Sanitary Institute have established an examinationin tropical hygiene for inspectors, the syllabus of which has,been prepared to cover their special duties, including t.heprevention of malaria and eradication of mosquitoes, thesanitation of native quarters, and the comprehension oftropical conditions in relation to health. The Association hasreceived the general approval of the Colonial Office and theLondon School of Tropical Medicine. At first examinationsare only being arranged in London, but in the near futurethey may be held also in colonial centres where the Institute’slocal board of examiners think desirable.GERMAN LAW TO COMBAT VENEREAL DISEASES.--

The Bill, as drafted 18 months ago has passed the Reichsrat with certain emendations. It makes statutory the obliga-tion to undergo medical treatment, prohibition of advertise-ment of remedies in the press, compulsory notification,and under certain conditions compulsory removal to hos-pital. Intercourse by a person, wittingly infectious, becomespunishable by law, but in general the measure is based upontreatment and not punishment. The possession of a

known infection on entering marriage is punishable.A Bavarian deputy, while expressing general agreementwith the purpose of the Bill, refused his assent, as in itsactual form the Bill would offend moral and religioussusceptibilities in Bavaria.SOUTHAMPTON DIVISION, B.M.A., AND REDUCTION

OF SALARIES.-On March 9th a resolution was passed bythe Southampton Division to the effect that, having consideredthe decision of the Borough District Council regardingreduction of salaries, the Division wished to point out thatthe assistant medical officers of health and school dentistsreceived no war bonus, and that the reduction in theirsalaries will bring the emoluments of each of them below theminimum salary approved by the B.M.A., even for men newlyqualified and therefore without practical experience; thatthere is no parallel in England for the step contemplated ;that the attention of the Association will therefore be calledto the local position, when the Association may refuse toadvertise any vacancy that may occur ; and that the actionof the Council, if persisted in, will tend to reduce the efficiencyof the public health service of Southampton, which has longbeen a distinguishing feature of the town.NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR HEALTH, MATERNITY, AND

CHILD WEIFARE.-The annual report of this League for 1921records steady progress in activities. The excess of expendi-ture over income amounted to £1145, but every effort isbeing made to place as many departments of the League aspossible on a self-supporting basis. A generous grant fromthe Central Council for Infant and Child Welfare enabled theLeague to finance the Baby Week Exhibition without drawingon its own funds, and, moreover, the Council in providingaccommodation for the League at Carnegie House, 117,Piccadilly, London, W. 1, has effected a considerable savingin rent. A tribute is paid to the work of Miss J. Halford,until recently secretary of the League, who will in future giveher full time services in an honorary capacity. The educa-tional departments of the League continue to develop, andthe Infant Welfare Workers’ Employment Bureau is of greatutility to workers, though a considerable drop in the propor-tion of vacancies to applicants is recorded. A panel isabout to be started of emergency children’s nurses, who willbe ready to fill a gap at short notice during school holidaysor even during one day to suit the convenience of a motherin urgent need of temporary help. Brief reports of the year’swork of the four homes for mothers and babies, for which theLeague is responsible, as well as of the ten important con-stituent sections of the League, together with a detailedbalance-sheet, are included in a report of which the modestsize must be regarded as a wise economy and in no wayrepresentative of the manifold and excellent activities ofthe League and its branches.

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CENTRAL SCHOOL OF HYGIENE, LONDON.-ThCommittee appointed by the Minister of Health to advisas to the preliminary steps to be taken in regard to thsite and planning of the School’of Hygiene, which the Rockefeller Foundation have promised to provide, is compose)of the following : Sir William Arthur Robinson, K.C.B.First Secretary, Ministry of Health (chairman) ; Sir Fran]Baines, C.B.E., Director of Works, H.M. Office of WorksDr. H. H. Dale, C.B.E., F.R.S., Head of Department oBiochemistry and Pharmacology under the Medical ResearclCouncil; Sir Walter Fletcher, K.B.E., M.D., F.R.S., Secret,ary, Medical Research Council; Sir William LeishmanK.C.M.G., F.R.S., Director of Pathology, Army MedicaService ; Sir George Newman, K.C.B., M.D., Chief MedicaOfficer, Ministry of Health ; Sir Cooper Perry, M.D.Principal Officer, University of London ; Sir Herbert JRead, K.C.M.G., Assistant Under-Secretary, ColoniaOffice ; and Dr. H. Meredith Richards, Ministry of Heaitt(secretary).AMERICAN PEDIATRIC SOCIETY.-A preliminary

programme of the thirty-fourth annual meeting, to be held onMay 1st, 2nd, and 3rd at Wardman Park Hotel, Washington,D.C., has been issued. Important papers on many patho:logical conditions of childhood will be read, and problems ofnormal development and function will not be neglected.The Congress of American Physicians and Surgeons willsynchronise with the meeting of the Pediatric Society.The first session on May 2nd will be devoted to the presi-dential address, and on May 3rd Dr. G. V. McCollum andDr. L. B. Mendel will read papers on Some Aspects of thePhysiology and Pathology of Nutrition.

ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN,BRIGHTON.-In the fifty-third annual report of the RoyalAlexandra Hospital for Sick Children at Brighton, submittedto the annual meeting on Feb. 27th, the inauguration of a’contributory pension fund was announced. Mr. Modera,chairman of the committee, said he believed they were thefirst in the United Kingdom to adopt the scheme. The needfor it had long been felt, especially in view of the fact that two,at least, of their sisters had most loyally served them forabout 20 years. The hospital’s contribution to the schemewould be paid from the income from a legacy. The hospital’sexpenditure for the year amounted to £7211 and the receipts£5734, showing a deficiency of .B1477. Legacies received nearlytotalled this deficiency, but the ordinary income does notapproach the annual expenditure. Parents’ contributionstowards their children’s maintenance brought in £907.In-patients during the year numbered 879, out-patients 1746,and the casualty cases 2263.LORD MAYOR TRELOAR CRIPPLES’ HOME.-A

lecture was given on March 7th at the Wigmore Hall, London,W. 1, by Prof. Leonard Hill, on the Prevention and Cure ofTuberculosis, with special reference to the work carried onunder the direction of Sir Henry Gauvain at the Lord MayorTreloar Cripples’ Home at Alton and Hayling Island. After.comparing the widely differing death-rates from tuberculosisbetween members of a race salted to the infection and onemeeting it for the first time, Dr. Hill described children under5 as essentially an unsalted class, to whom tuberculosis wasmuch more deadly than to older people. If a young childreceived small doses of infection the result would probablybe small lesions which might actually vaccinate instead ofcausing injury, but a child exposed to massive infection rana serious risk of going under ; it was therefore necessa,ry toseparate children from massive infection such as might befound in the proximity of an actively tuberculous mother orteacher. While it was admitted that the bovine was a lessdangerous organism than the human tubercle bacillus, itwas the cause of many cases of surgical tubercle in children,and should be guarded against by procuring clean, germ-free milk. Of different classes of people, it was found thatthe clergy were the least liable to tuberculosis : agriculturallabourers came next; factory workers such as printers,shoemakers, and cotton-spinners showing a much highersusceptibility. Coal-miners were particularly healthy, andthere was no evidence that the inhalation of coal-dust wasinjurious. This might be contrasted with silica-dust, whichproduced marked degeneration of the lungs if breathed inlarge quantities, as in the case of tin-miners, granite andsandstone workers, and grinders. A number of excellentslides were shown, demonstrating the effect of exposure tosun and air on tuberculous lesions and on the general meta- Ibolism. Children at Hayling Island were able to enjoybathing in the month of November, drying themselves bya coke stove set up on the shingle beach, and getting warmby the simple expedient of running about without anyclothing. Though Sir Henry Gauvain preferred to speakcautiously of the disease as being arrested rather than cured,it was a fact, thought Prof. Hill, that the majority of hispatients at Alton and Hayling Island remained healthy,even after returning to unsatisfactory conditions of life.

e MEDico-LEGAL SOCIETY.-A meeting of this societye will be held at the Royal Society of Medicine, 1, Wimpole-e street, London, W.1, on Tuesday, March 21st, at 8.30 P.M.,- when Lord Dawson of Penn will open a debate on Professionali Secrecy. Members are invited to introduce guests.’ INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON DIS-

k- ABLEMENT.-A meeting of this Committee, recently held at, Geneva, was attended by representatives of organisations ofex-Service men and official bodies or departments concerned1

with disablement in Germanv, Austria, France, Great-

Britain, Italy, and Poland, and by representatives of thei health section of the League of Nations and of the League of’ Red Cross Societies. The Committee urged that, in the

interests of those disabled in industry as well as in war, the’ experience gained in various countries in the spheres of. prosthesis and orthopaedics should be made more widelyi known. A single institution of an international character,

which could collect and present information, and organisean international exhibition of artificial limbs and other

’ orthopaedic instruments, was proposed, which should be inclose and continuous collaboration with existing organisa-

tions. The Committee invited the International Labour’

Office to take up the task of organising a travelling expedition’ which should be lent in turn to each of the national associa-

tions for disabled men. Until legislation concerning industrialaccidents is amended to allow men disabled in industry tohave the benefit of artificial limbs and orthopaedic andmedical treatment for an unlimited period, it was recom-mended that liaison should be established between depart-ments dealing with the supply of limbs and instruments toex-Service men on the one hand, and the social insuranceorganisations on the other.GENERAL INFIRMARY, LEEDS.-The rearrangement

of beds detailed in THE LANCET on July 30th, 1921, has beenfound to be attended with improved efficiency in the workingof the hospital. One of the changes was the allocation of thethree upper wards of the north pavilions for the accommoda-tion of 112 children. Two of these wards are now in fulloccupation and the third will, it is hoped, also soon be incommission. The need for a special ward for the treatmentof infants has become increasingly manifest, and plans havebeen passed for the building of an additional ward toaccommodate 12 infants; these will be self-contained andwill at the same time form a part of the children’s department.Upwards of £5000 have been collected for the purpose.STAFF RETIREMENT AGE AT BRISTOL HOSPITALS.-

The governors of the Bristol General Hospital have approvedan alteration in their rules by which all members of thehonorary staff shall, as a matter of routine, retire at the ageof 60. Heretofore the retiring age for physicians has been65 and for surgeons 60. This alteration has been made atthe request of the honorary staff, as part of a movementtowards uniformity with the conditions of appointment atthe Royal Infirmary. Here the rule used to be that surgeonsshould retire at 55 and physicians at 60. By raising thesurgeon’s age of retirement to 60 the limit has been madeuniform for all members of the two staffs. This will removeone of the difficulties in the way of fusion of the two staffs,part of a policy of hospital union the advantages of whichhave recently been expounded at length by Mr. E. W. HeyGroves in the Stethoscope, the journal of the Bristol MedicalSchool.

NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE IN IRELAND.-Last week the Provisional Government of Southern Irelandannounced that owing to the many interests involved, andthe injury which would result to insured sick persons by thenon-recognition of the transfer, they had decided not to offerany further opposition to the transfer. This decision hasmuch disturbed those interested in the management of theApproved Societies, and at a special general meeting of theApproved Societies’ Association of Ireland, resolutions havebeen passed to the following effect : 1. That the Associa-tion protests against the action of the Provisional Govern-ment in agreeing with the Northern and British Govern-ments to partition the National Health Insurance Servicein Ireland, reiterates the opinions that the partition cannotbe justified on legal, administrative, or actuarial grounds, isdestructive of the interests of individual insured persons,and will lead to an increase in contributions or decrease inbenefit, declares it detrimental to the interests of all IrishApproved Societies, and calls upon the Provisional Govern-ment to reconsider its decision. 2. That, as a protest againstthe handing over by the Irish Insurance Commissioners offunds in their possession to three trustees with a Britishtreasury official as chairman, the Societies should claim thereturn of any money in the hands of the Commissionersand exercise their rights to reinvest the same by preferencein the housing schemes of the working classes. 3. Thatthe Government should be called upon to receive a deputa-tion from the Association to hear the views of ApprovedSocieties on the question.