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Medipix2-based radiation camera and it's application in RELAXd and ATLAS projects
Zdenek Vykydal
Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics,
Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech republic
www.medipix.cvut.cz
PhD seminar, Řež 26.9.2007
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26.9.2007Medipix2-based radiation camera and it's application
in RELAXd and ATLAS projects 2
OutlineOutline
Introduction to the Medipix2 detector Principles of detection with counting pixel detectors Medipix2 single particle counting chip
USB Read-out interface for Medipix2 chip
RELAXd project 3D interconnect technology High density bumping Through silicon via
ATLAS-Medipix project Detector network structure Background measurement in ATLAS cavern
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Principle of semiconductor Principle of semiconductor single particle counting pixel single particle counting pixel detectordetector
N+ P+
Si
Counter: Particle count
+
AmplifierComparator
000001
Threshold level above
electronic noise No false counting.
Digital integration (counting)
No dark current.
Unlimited dynamic range and
exposure time.
Detected count obeys poissonian
distribution
Bia
s V
olt
age
Com
mon
back
-sid
eele
ctro
de
Pix
ela
ted
front-
side
ele
ctro
de
Pixel electronics
Thresholdlevel
26.9.2007 3Medipix2-based radiation camera and it's application
in RELAXd and ATLAS projects
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26.9.2007Medipix2-based radiation camera and it's application
in RELAXd and ATLAS projects 4
Back-side pulse Back-side pulse processingprocessing::Getting information about energy of interacting Getting information about energy of interacting particleparticle
Detector chip
Medipix-2 chip
Bias Voltage
Preamplifier(charge sensitive)
Multichannel analyzer
Energy [channel]C
ount Energy spectrum
E
E
FWHM
Trigger
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26.9.2007Medipix2-based radiation camera and it's application
in RELAXd and ATLAS projects 5
Medipix2 detectorMedipix2 detector::SSingle particle counting pixel detectoringle particle counting pixel detector
Medipix2 – MEDical Imaging PIXel detector 2nd
generation
High spatial, high contrast resolving CMOS pixel read-out chip
Array of 256x256 pixels
Pixel size 55x55 m²
Sensitive area of 14x14 mm² (87% of entire chip area)
Amplifier, two discriminators and a 13-bit counter in each pixel cell
Serial or parallel readout at 100MHz
Hybrid technology allows to use different semiconductor sensors
www.cern.ch/medipix
Medipix2 SinglePixels: 256 x 256Pixel size: 55 x 55 m2
Area: 1.5 x 1.5 cm2
Medipix2 QuadPixels: 512 x 512Pixel size: 55 x 55 m2
Area: 3 x 3 cm2
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26.9.2007Medipix2-based radiation camera and it's application
in RELAXd and ATLAS projects 6
Bias voltage noise distribution
Back side pulse spectrum
Combined alpha source:241Am + 239Pu + 244Cm
USBUSB 1.1 1.1 interfaceinterface::Realization and general featuresRealization and general features
Serial readout speed: 4 fps (4 Mbits/s) Camera-like size, plug and play, hot swap Fully USB powered Integrated source of variable detector
bias voltage (5 – 100V) Advanced triggering and hardware timer No limit for cable length (various USB
extender types) Back-side pulse monitoring for
spectroscopic applications and triggering Open system architecture - internal
analog and digital interface for "plug-in" PCB modules connection
www.medipix.utef.cvut.cz
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USB Lite USB Lite interfaceinterface
Medipix2-based radiation camera and it's application in RELAXd and ATLAS projects
First prototype ready and tested
Single chip 3-side tilable read-out assembly board
Based on USB 1.1 interface
Increased miniaturization
Dimensions: 15 mm x 60 mm
26.9.2007 7
+ Low power consumption (no external source)
+ Portability & flexibility
— Performance limitations
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RELAXd project2005 - 4 months @ NIKHEF, Netherlands
2006/2007 - 6 months @ IMEC, Belgium
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in RELAXd and ATLAS projects 8
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RELAXd projectRELAXd project
26.9.2007Medipix2-based radiation camera and it's application
in RELAXd and ATLAS projects 9
RELAXd (High Resolution Large Area X-ray Detector)
Four-side tilable Medipix Quad modules Serial readout of individual Medipix chip
up to 500 MHz Fast serial readout of whole Quad module
up to 3.125 Gbps
Used technologies:
3D Integrated Electronic MicrosystemEdgeless sensor technology2D Pitch adaptation between sensor and readout ASICCMOS ASIC 200 mm wafer thinningThrough silicon vias made by deep reactive ion etchingBGA bumping instead of wire-bondingHigh density Indium bump-bondingMulti-Gbit/s data transmission to the PC
www.nikhef.nl/pub/experiments/medipix
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3D interconnect technology
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in RELAXd and ATLAS projects 10
The Medipix2 chip was designed as three-side tilable to enable the possibility of building detectors with larger sensitive area. Size of the I/O periphery and commonly used wire-bond technique for signal connection limits the tiling possibilities of the device to 2 row stripes. To overcome this limitation it is necessary to:Increase the size of the sensor chip to cover I/O area
use pixels with size of about 65 x 65 µm2 and contacts redistribution (interposer layer or postprocessed metal wiring )
use guardring-less sensor chipUse another technology for connection of the I/O signals
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High density Indium bumping
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in RELAXd and ATLAS projects 11
Process flow:
Under bump metallization (UBM) deposition and patterning at detector and Medipix2 substrate
In material deposition and patterning at detector and Medipix substrate
Flip-chip integration and reflow
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Through silicon via technology
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in RELAXd and ATLAS projects 12
Newly developed technology to interconnect the front side and back side of the processed silicon
wafer
Not application specificLow temperature process (< 250 °C) Via resistances in the range of 20 - 30 m (resistance of conventional wire-bond connection is about 60 m/mm for 25 µm wire)
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ATLAS-Medipix project
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in RELAXd and ATLAS projects 13
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ATLAS-Medipix projectATLAS-Medipix project
26.9.2007Medipix2-based radiation camera and it's application
in RELAXd and ATLAS projects 14
Main goal is measurement of the radiation field (especially neutron
field) in ATLAS experiment
MPX01 between ID and JM plug
MPX02 between ID, LARG and JM
MPX03 between LARG and LARG EC
MPX04 between FCAL and JT
MPX05 between LARG and JT wheel
MPX06 between LARG and JT wheel
MPX07 top of TILECAL barrel
MPX08 top of TILECAL EXT. barrel
MPX09 corner between JF cyl. and hexagon
MPX10 cavern wall A or C side
MPX11 cavern wall USA side
MPX12 cavern wall
MPX13 between ID and JM plug
MPX14 between ID, LARG and JM
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Detector network structureDetector network structure2 options:< 40 m ethernet cable< 60 m CERN LVDS cable
Public Ethernet (standard cable)
65m
PC with 2 ethernet
cards and Linux OS
(large HDD for data storage)
26.9.2007 15
PC with Windows OS (up to 8 devices)
Power source20V, 5A
PC with Windows OS (up to 8 devices)
Power source20V, 5A
PC with Windows OS (up to 8 devices)
Power source20V, 5A
Board with switches controlled by 7th USB port. If any of devices failed in any way it can be physically disconnected.
Ethernet switch
Medipix2-based radiation camera and it's application in RELAXd and ATLAS projects
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Connection optionsConnection options
USB
Detector
Ethernet cable <40m with optional power wires (40V)
USB - extender
Mounted in UX15
Detector
10 twisted-pairs (20 wires),plus power wires (4-6V),
plus coax for BIAS.<60m
USB interface
Mounted in UX15
LVDS cable
USB extender
LVDS cable solution No feedback (DAC out) – THL-
FBK values will vary after irradiation, impossible to check
Working up to 60m but it needs software adaptation
USB extender solution Maximum length ~40m Tested many times Full capabilities of USB
available (DAC feedback)
26.9.2007 16Medipix2-based radiation camera and it's application
in RELAXd and ATLAS projects
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eProtectiveProtectiveBoxBox
240 mm
60 mm
25 mm
USB extender + optional 40V to 5V
converteror
LVDS converter instead of USB
interface
Size of the box was chosed to accomodate
both considered connection options
26.9.2007 17Medipix2-based radiation camera and it's application
in RELAXd and ATLAS projects
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eFirst assemblies mounted in First assemblies mounted in ATLAS cavernATLAS cavern
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17.8.2007 - first two assemblies (MPX07 and MPX11) were mounted in ATLAS cavern
Remote controll (from the internet) of the devices was established and tested
Continuous data acquisition is running from 19.8.2007 measuring natural background in the ATLAS environment
Medipix2-based radiation camera and it's application in RELAXd and ATLAS projects
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MPX 07 deviceMPX 07 device
MPX07 – Top of the TILECAL barel
Horizontal orientation
Fully opened window
Distance of 16m from UX15
Easily reachable
26.9.2007 19
PE
PE + Al
Al
Uncovered
LiF
Medipix2-based radiation camera and it's application in RELAXd and ATLAS projects
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MPX 11 deviceMPX 11 device
MPX11 – cavern wall USA side
Vertical orientation
Protected with the black tape
Distance of 18m from the UX15
Easily reachable
26.9.2007 20
PE
PE + Al
Al
Uncovered
LiF
Medipix2-based radiation camera and it's application in RELAXd and ATLAS projects
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Thanks a lot for your
attention
26.9.2007Medipix2-based radiation camera and it's application
in RELAXd and ATLAS projects 21