Medium-sized Cities and Creative IndustriesVisit of a Delegation of the Department of Regional DevelopmentCapital Region of Denmark Cultural Identity, Cultural Mapping and Planning in the Oresund RegionPotsdam 6. October 2007

1. Medium-sized Cities?2. Creative/ Cultural Industries?3. Location Factors and Features of Creative Industries4. Territorial Capital of Medium-sized Cities5. Policies to Promote Creative Industries in Medium-sized Cities6. Creative Industries in Berlin

Klaus R. Kunzmann .Potsdam

1. Medium-sized Cities in Europe!

A in the metropolitan region

B between metropolitan regions

C in peripherial regions D in border regions

Location matters

...in Western, Eastern, Northern or in Southern Europe?

Klaus R. Kunzmann .Potsdam

Medium-sized town on the border

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Klaus R. Kunzmann .Potsdam

2.What are creative industries? > > > Cultural industries? Creative industries? The creative economy

the UKCultural Industries

..are based on individuals with creative arts skills..

..in alliance with managers and technologists..

..making marketable products..

..whose economic value lies in their cultural (or ‘intellectual’) properties.

Defined by the UK’s Department of Culture, Media and Sport as "…those activities which have their origin in individual creativity, skill and talent and which have a potential for wealth and job creation through the generation and exploitation of intellectual property",

the Creative Industries include:> Advertising> Architecture> Crafts and designer furniture> Fashion clothing> Film, video and other audiovisual production> Graphic design> Educational and leisure software> Live and recorded music> Performing arts and entertainments> Television, radio and internet broadcasting> Visual arts and antiques> Writing and publishing

Klaus R. Kunzmann .Potsdam

Quelle: STADTart 2007

Klaus R. Kunzmann .Potsdam

“The economic need for creativity has registered itself in the rise of a new class, which I call the Creative Class. Some 38 million Americans, 30 percent of all employed people, belong to this class. I define the core of the Creative Class to include people in science and engineering, architecture and design, education, arts, music and entertainment, whose economic function is to create new ideas, new technology and/or new creative content. Around the core, the Creative Class also includes a broader group of creative professionals in business and finance, law, health care and related fields. These people engage in complex problem solving that involves a great deal of independent judgement and requires high levels of education or human capital. In addition, all members of the Creative Class – whether they are artists of engineers, musicians or computer scientists, writers or entrepreneurs – share a common creative ethos that values creativity, individuality, difference and merit. For the members of the Creative Class, every aspect and every manifestation of creativity – technological, cultural and economic – is interlinked and inseparable.” (p. 8)

Richard Florida The Rise of the Creative Class,

And How It’s Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life, 2002.

24 The Creative Class

Klaus R. Kunzmann . Potsdam

31 Location Factors of Creative Cultural

Industries• Attractive Townscape and fancy town quarters• History and urban heritage• Cosmopolitan living and working spaces• Target of international tourism • Open society...... Tolerance

• Access to specialized higher education culture and IT• Local and regional consumer environment• A broad spectrum of cultural infrastructure and events• Qualified labor • Locally embedded traditional crafts and competence • Sticky places and creative clusters

• Identity • Architectural icons• Derelict industrial and commercial spaces• Affordable rents for young creatives • Marketable profile• Trend setting media

Klaus R. Kunzmann .Potsdam

32 Features of Creative Industries?

Cultural Industries

• Small firms (with exceptions)• Low average sales/wages• High degree of self-employment > > > Creative industries are different !• High degree of job satisfaction• Flexible working times• Milieu sensitive• Network integration • Low degree of unionisation• High percentage of female labour• Consumer dependency

The creative economy is polarized,....though both poles are highly interdependent

Klaus R. Kunzmann . Potsdam

4. Territorial Capital of Medium-sized Cities

Beyond history, identity, local commitment, quality of life for creative

industriesA Accessibility Relief location for Metropolitan core, Specialized Industrial clusters skilled labor Gown Towns international students, tolerance, young entertainment

B Logistic hub Central place for rural regions regional market

C Health, Recreation and Leisure potential tourism Central place for rural regions regional market Accessibility to scenic regions

D Cultural competence language Accessibility

Klaus R. Kunzmann .Potsdam

5. Policies to Promote Cultural Industries

in Medium-sized Cities• Create an administrative hot spot as a communication centre for creative action• Identify the local creative potential and missing links• Identify local constraints and bottlenecks for creative investment• Explore potential creative buildings and spaces and quarter• Identify actors, promoters, key players• Organize cluster development and partnerships • Develop a strategic concept and communicate the concept to the various target groups• Involve local media into concept development• Explore potential linkages with the creative economy in the metropolitan core, offer creative

back-office function and affordable creative spaces

Klaus R. Kunzmann .Potsdam

60 The discovery of creative industries in Germany

• De-industrialisation technological change • The demise of large industrial corporations • A world, where images dominate over functions• The music revolution and IT contents • Cultural Industries Reports (NRW, Hessen, Berlin etc..)• A new generation of Germans, growing-up in affluent families, and educated in creative

disciplines • The emergence of re-unified Berlin as a creative city• The creative class and the Richard Florida effect• Urban competition and benchmarking• The desperate search of economic policy advisors for new fields to promote employment and• Culture, a chance for sustainable development

Klaus R. Kunzmann . Potsdam

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61 Creative Industries in Berlin Berlin Characteristics

• Capital/ metropolis• Cosmopolitan city/environment .......13% foreign born• High density of cultural infrastructure• A plethora of cultural events, fairs and festivals• Tourist city• Highly attractive for young people .....higher education, low rents• High tolerance open, liberal society• Discourse environment• Digital city

Klaus R. Kunzmann . Potsdam

62 Creative Industries in BerlinSome facts

Definition: cultural industries, software development, media and marketing creativity as a key element

chains > from research > education > development > production > distribution > to consumption

• 2002 turnover € 8.104 billion • 18.573 firms and enterprises (with a turnover above € 16.617 )

> not including public museums, theatres etc. • 11% of Berlin‘s GDP (77,1 billion €)• 90.339 jobs (50% female) 7% of Berlin‘s employment not below € 400/month and not less than 15hours/week, registered to social welfare system• Growth 1998 to 2002 8%

Klaus R. Kunzmann . Potsdam

Creative Spaces in Berlin

Quelle: STADTtart/Kunzmann/Dümcke

Klaus R. Kunzmann . Potsdam

63 Creative Industries in BerlinFuture action areas: economic, cultural and spatial development

• Communication that the sector has economic impact• Clustering among individual actors• Promotion of spatial clustering• Improving regulatory framework• Promotion of private commitment > civil society• Export promotion• Screening of financing programmes• Linking cultural industries to tourism• Start-up promotion • Further qualification of graduates from university of the arts• Establishing virtual infrastructure• Continuous monitoring• Promoting and theming creative spaces in Berlin

Klaus R. Kunzmann . Potsdam

Thank you !