MEDRA project: multilingual European DOI (Digital Object Identifier) Registration Agency Kerkira, 23...

mEDRA project: multilingual EuropeanDOI (Digital Object

Identifier)RegistrationAgency

Kerkira, 23 May 2003

www.medra.orgwww.medra.org

mmEDRAEDRAGabriella ScipioneCineca


mmEDRAEDRACINECA is the largest scientific comupting

centre in Italyand one of the largest in the

European Union

Point of contact for academia, reasearch and

industry

Cineca: Statutory aims

To promote the use of the most advanced information processing systems in order to support public and private scientific and technological research

To provide all the Consortium members, the MIUR (Ministry of Education, University Research) and other Ministries with specialized computer processing services

To extend the use of the available resources to other public and private bodies


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Cineca: main activities

High Performance Computing: The Division promotes and supports the utilization of these resources. VIS.I.T. (VISual Information Technology): inter-disciplinary laboratory equipped with powerful and supercomputers for graphical treatment. This division enabled Cineca to take part to numerous E-projects

Services for Ministry (MIUR): e-vote system for the election of the members of the judging commission for the university appointment (secret and anonimous online election); service for online enrolment at the university

Value added Internet services for several public institutions: create and maintain several portals, provides for the Foreign Affair Ministry the software infrastructure that allows embassies (worldwide distributed) to exchange documents securely, for the Ministry of Justice offer a free and unified access service to juridical material - national and European – situated on public institution Internet sites.

Administrative services for the Universities


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HPC C.I.N.E.C.A. facility

Summary

Part I: what the DOI is1. DOI is a standard identifier

2. DOI: interoperability

3. DOI is an alphanumeric string

4. DOI can integrate other standard identifiers

5. DOI is a tool to describe the identified entity

6. DOI is “actionable” in the Internet

7. DOI is a persistent identifier

8. DOI system is based on a designed social structure

Part II: what the mEDRA project is

Part III: concrete applications of DOI• Voluntary deposit system• Persistent citation system• Tracking relations between IP entities


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What the DOI is

1. DOI (Digital Objects Identifier) is a new standard for

identifying digital objects particularly adopted in the

publishing community

Applied to any type or format of object: text, music, film, video, photographs, software, database record, certificate…

Two aspects:1. Uniquely Identifies the Object - therefore enables computers to

interoperate about it and execute transactions of all kinds.2. Provides Linking to the Object Itself (or to any related objects,

transactions or services). These links are: Permanent


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DOI: Interoperability

DOI has a similar role for e-content trade like the Bar

code has in commerce of tangible goods: it facilitates

interoperability between the information systems of

parties.


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The DOI syntax

2. DOI is an alphanumeric string, divided in two parts: a

prefix and a suffix


Identify that this string is a DOI

Identify the registrant: publisher or imprint, content

producer in general

10.abc123 / def456 Identify the Digital object: it is under the registrant’s responsibility

Prefix Suffix

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DOI and other standards

3. DOI can integrate other standard identifiers, creating a

common framework• ISBN also applies to electronic publications, but with a scope limited to

monographs (under definition in ISO working group for the revision of ISBN)

• ISSN (or other systems to identify articles) only applies to continuous

resources


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The DOI Metadata

DOI = string + set of metadata

• Each DOI has a minimum set of metadata (kernel metadata)…• … and additional metadata appropriate for the application profile. • These last includes “descriptive metadata” (related to the genre of the

resources) and “service and administrative metadata” (related to

applications).

XML Schemas are used to collect metadata

4. DOI is a tool to describe the identified entities


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DOIs are actionable in the Internet

5. DOI is supported by a resolution system that

makes DOIs “actionable” in the Internet

Users can resolve DOIs to the identified content and/or other resources related to that content.

Unlike the URLs, DOIs are associated to documents and not to locations: if a document is moved to a different location, users are readdressed to reach the correct page.


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DOI resolution system

The underlying technology is the Handle System® produced by CNRI (Corp. National Research Initiatives)

• Handle is a resolution system: i.e. a tool to resolve a

name to a source of information (typically a URL). It

belongs to the n2l (urn to url) technologies

Handle allows multiple resolution: i.e. a DOI can point to more than one source of information


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DOI resolution system

• URL(s) are included in metadata• Registrant is technically allowed and must up-date

metadata in order to guarantee persistence


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Resolution vs Identification

Remind that “what the DOI identifies” and “what the DOI

resolves to” are two different concepts

What the DOI The DOI® (Digital Object Identifier) is a standard for identifying any object of intellectual property. A DOI provides a means of persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related current data.

On digital networks, all intellectual property is simply a string of bits; a DOI can apply to any form of intellectual property in any digital environment. DOIs have been called "the bar code for intellectual property": like the physical bar code, they are enabling tools for use all through the supply chain to add value and save cost.

A DOI differs from commonly used internet pointers to material such as the URL – Uniform Resource Locator, the usual means of referring to World Wide Web material – because it identifies an object as a first-class entity, not simply the place where the object is located.

A DOI is also different from commonly used identifiers of intellectual property like standard bibliographic and related identifiers (ISBN, ISSN, ISRC, etc) because it is associated with defined services and is immediately "actionable" on a network. However, the DOI does not compete with these standards since it allows them to be integrated as suffixes in DOI strings.

A DOI is an implementation of the Internet concepts of Uniform Resource Name and Universal Resource Identifier. A DOI is different from abstract naming specifications such as URN in that it is a defined

identification

Identified entity

Informat. on the

document

DOI

Resolution 1Resolution 2

Resolution 3

Abstract

How to buy the

doc.Resolution 4


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Resolution vs Identification

It is also possible that DOI does not resolve to the

identified entity

What the DOI The DOI® (Digital Object Identifier) is a standard for identifying any object of intellectual property. A DOI provides a means of persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related current data.

On digital networks, all intellectual property is simply a string of bits; a DOI can apply to any form of intellectual property in any digital environment. DOIs have been called "the bar code for intellectual property": like the physical bar code, they are enabling tools for use all through the supply chain to add value and save cost.

A DOI differs from commonly used internet pointers to material such as the URL – Uniform Resource Locator, the usual means of referring to World Wide Web material – because it identifies an object as a first-class entity, not simply the place where the object is located.

A DOI is also different from commonly used identifiers of intellectual property like standard bibliographic and related identifiers (ISBN, ISSN, ISRC, etc) because it is associated with defined services and is immediately "actionable" on a network. However, the DOI does not compete with these standards since it allows them to be integrated as suffixes in DOI strings.

A DOI is an implementation of the Internet concepts of Uniform Resource Name and Universal Resource Identifier. A DOI is different from abstract naming specifications such as URN in that it is a defined

identification

Identified entity (e.g. a book)

Informat. on the

document

DOI

Resolution 1

Resolution 2

Abstract

How to buy the

doc.Resolution 3


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DOI: Persistence

Why a Persistent Identifier?Why a Persistent Identifier?

URLs are not sufficiently reliableURLs are not sufficiently reliable Identification

“the half-life of a referenced URL is approximatelyfour years from its publication date “ (Diomidis Spinellis, The Decay

and Failures of Web References, ACM).

6. DOI is persistent identifier


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Content

URLURL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

404 File not found

Content

URLURL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

DOIdirectory

URLURL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

URL

Content

Content

Publisher

DOIdirectory

DOIdirectory

DOIDOI

DOI

DOI

DOI

DOI

DOIDOI

DOI

DOI

DOI

DOI

DOI

DOI

DOI and Preservation

The connection between preservation and DOI work lies in interoperability and persistence

1) A distributed virtual archive requires that all the players and components interoperate

2) Preservation: How do we interoperate with the future?Persistence is interoperability with the future


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DOI Governance and structure

7. DOI system is based on a designed social structureDOIs, similarly to ISBNs, are registered throughRegistration Agencies

TechnologyHandle system

IDF CNRI

RA1 mEDRA

RA2

Community of interest 1 Community of

interest 2

European content industry

Set up of a Local Handle System


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What the mEDRA project is

• mEDRA is a project within the eContent programme of the

European Commission – Action line 2• Start up: 1 July 2002 – Conclusion: 30 June 2004

Objective: to set up a multiple-application, multi-lingual

European DOI Registration Agency• Multiple-application: the existing agencies mainly focus on individual

applications • Multi-lingual: the existing agencies (except Enpia) focus on English-

based content• European: the existing agencies are based in USA (three), Australia,

Korea and UK


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What the mEDRA project is

Results achieved

mEDRA has been appointed as DOI Registration Agency

and this will be effective by July 2003


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mEDRA partnership

• AIE – the Italian publishers association (co-ordinator)• MVB – a company of the German publishers association,

ISBN agency for German linguistic area• SNE – the French publishers association• Editrain – a Spanish company specialised in services for

book-trade• CINECA – the technological provider, a consortium of Italian

Universities.


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The mEDRA blueprint

• Preliminary studies (market survey, metadata study and technological

assessment) lasted on 30 Nov. 2002• Architectural design lasted on 28 Feb. 2003

• System implementation: by 30 Nov. 2003 a first commercial

release of the whole system will be delivered: publishers can join

the system since July 2003• Experimentation involving early adopters – Dec. 2003 - Apr. 2004• Second release of the system and start up of the commercial

phase by 30 June 2004


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Application 1: Voluntary deposit system

Printed works, thanks to legal deposit, always have a certified publication date. What about digital editions?

mEDRA is studying the possibility to develop a voluntary deposit

system using the DOI technology to identify contents (time stamping

and digital signature)

Aims:• to certificate (using time stamping technologies) that a digital or web

content was registered by a party at a certain date.• to create a tool in case of contest on rights ownership or on

authorship

Certifications can be opposed to third parties


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The service will be available at the beginning only for text files, both monographs and journal articles, and in a second time also for images (photographs, icons etc.), software.

mEDRA system has to guarantee that:1) The content was registered by a party at a certain date. 2) the metadata identify the author


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During a deposit request, the user will send to mEDRA the document identified by a DOI and the metadata. To certify that the deposit took place in a certain date, mEDRA will apply a timestamp and will sign the document with mEDRA’s signature.


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Application 2: Persistent citation system

• The need: to substitute URLs with DOIs to cite Internet resources• This allows to have persistent citations of resources (no more “error 404-file

not found”!)• How to make persistence effective is a task of registration agencies.

• It is a very simple application, exploiting one of the key features of DOI, but

providing further value added: Check routines to control persistence alert system to avoid broken link Procedures and discipline for publishers


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Application 3: Tracking relations between IP entities

Aim: take under control the relations between digital objects.

• We have defined five kinds of “parent-child” relations between IP

entities A is part of B (a chapter of a book…) A is a different product form of B (pdf and doc file of the same content) A is a new edition of B (different in content) A is a different language version of B A is a resource about B (a press release or a cover of a book)

• They are registered in metadata so that users (final and

intermediaries) can navigate all the relations with a unique tool


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Contacts

Gabriella Scipione

[email protected]

Tel +39-051-6171634


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For legal issues, mEDRA will require both timestamps and a mEDRA’s certificate to a valid Certification Authority


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Cineca: main activities

VIS.I.T. (VISual Information Technology): inter-disciplinary laboratory equipped with powerful and graphic supercomputers for graphical treatment that enabled Cineca to take part to numerous E-projects


mmEDRAEDRA

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