Mehiläisten talvitappiot ja varroantorjunta Ruotsissa. Preben Kristiansen.

Jyväskylä, 2015 Preben Kristiansen

Colony losses in SwedenVarroa control and weather conditions

Finnish Beekeepers Winter Days

Jyväskylä2015

Preben Kristiansen


Beekeepers Colonies

11% 6%

28% 33%

61% 61%

12 000 -14 000 beekeepers

120 000 -150 000 colonies

3 000 tons of honey

Beekeeping in Sweden


VarroazonerVarroa in Sweden

Now Varroa in approx. 85 % of the colonies

1987 on Gotland

1991 in Malmö

Zone 1 - Varroa

Zone 2

Zone 3

It is not allowed to move

bees from areas with varroa

to areas where varroa has

still not been detected


Veterinary medicinal products

Apistan Apiguard


• Removal of drone brood

• Trapping comb

• Formic acid

• Lactic acid

• Oxalic acid

• Nucs

Organic acids and biotechnical methods


| May | June | July | August | September | October |

Evaluation of infestation level

Dronebrood removal FA

short-term

OA

Control conceptdronebrood removal + oxalic acid (and formic acid if needed)


Varroa control methods

P. Kristiansen, 2013 Source: SBR statistics

Pro

po

rtio

n o

fb

ee

ke

ep

ers

, %


Varroa control concepts2014

P. Kristiansen, 2015 Source: SBR statistics

Pro

po

rtio

n o

fb

ee

ke

ep

ers

, %

N=4080


Summerhoney

Late summerhoney

Bell heather honey

Heather honey

Forest honey

Chestnut honey

Natural content of formic acid in honeyForm

icacid

in h

oney,

mg/kg


| May | June | July | August | September | October |

Dronebrood removal FA

short-term

OA

Control conceptdronebrood removal + oxalic acid (and formic acid if needed)

But how about honey harvest here?


Kristiansen, 2001

Form

icacid

in h

oney

mg/k

g

FA, short-term

(n=10)

Formic acid before heather-honey flowFormic acid in honey

Control

(n=10)


Test with VARROX-vaporizer


Apiary I (N=12) Apiary II (N=7) Apiary III (N=7)

Kristiansen, 2002

Test with VARROX-vaporizer2002


Oxalic acid tricklingTest 2014

Mite

s/1

00

be

es

Before

treatment

After treatment


1992-2008 Registered as a chemical pesticide

2009-2011 Could be prescribed by a veterinarian

with permission from the Medical

Products Agency

2012 Registered as a veterinary medicinal

product, no prescription needed

Apistan in Sweden

Analyses of wax samples from 1998

Test for fluvalinate resistance from 2000


Fluvalinate in Swedish wax

Kristiansen, 2011

Pro

po

rtio

n o

fsa

mp

les

with

tau

-flu

va

lina

te


Apiary/

Colony

Bees

#

Mite fall Remaining mites

#

”Efficacy”

%

Mites/

100 bees

J24 ≈ 350 5 34 13 ≈11

J21 ≈ 400 8 42 16 ≈12

P34 ≈ 400 7 26 22 ≈ 8

V02 237 8 4 67 5,1

Tests for fluvalinate resistance


Mite fallfor estimation of infestation rate

Reliable?


Evaluation of infestation level

with powdered sugar


Mitefall versus powdered sugar

Mite fall per day

Mit

es/

100 b

ees

wit

hpow

dere

dsu

gar


Colony losses in Sweden1920–2014

P. Kristiansen, 2015 - Data from SBR

Tota

l colo

ny

loss

es,

%

13%


Beekeepers Colonies Losses, %

2008-2009 565 7354 17,5

2009-2010 751 13598 24,7

2010-2011 572 11700 14,5

2011-2012 1445 22919 12,0

2012-2013 1737 26080 22,6

2013-2014 1604 20701 9,6

Colony losses in SwedenSurvey on internet with the COLOSS-questionnaire


Colony losses in Sweden1925–2014

Tota

l colo

ny

loss

es,

%

P. Kristiansen, 2015 - Data from SBR


• Varroa present or not

• Control methods of varroa

• Timing of treatment against varroa

• Timing of wintering

Colony lossesimportant factors related to varroa


Varroa - colony losses

2008-2009 2009-2010

Loss

es,

%

Loss

es,

%

Varroa

n=6702

No varroa

n=652

No varroa

n=1714

Varroa

n=11750


Winter losses

in Finland and Sweden

Seppälä, Ruottinen &,Kristiansen. 2011


Colony losses 1920-2012

Temperature winter

Loss

es,

%

Cold winters

n=32

Mild winters

n=61


Fö

rlu

ste

r, %

Fö

rlu

ste

r, %

Colony losses 1920-2012Temperature summer and fall

Cold summer

n=35

Warm summer

n=58

Cold fall

n=44

Warm fall

n=49

Loss

es,

%

Loss

es,

%


Neonicotinoids in oilseed rape

colony losses ?


Oilseed rape - colony lossesLoss

es,

%

Yes

n=268

No

n=705Don’t know

n=73


Honey yield- colony lossesLoss

es,

%

Lower

n=657

Normal

n=704

Higher

n=187

Don’t know

n=110

Honey yield 2012


Queen problems - colony lossesLoss

es,

%

More than

normal

n=274

Normal

n=827

Less than

normal

n=128

Don’t know

n=422

Queenproblems 2012


Amount of winter feed

and colony losses


Survey 2012

To

tal lo

sse

s, %

15 kg or more

(n=14049)

Less than15 kg

(n=2148)

Survey 2003

To

tal lo

sse

s, %

Less than 15 kg

(n=5854)

15 kg or more

(n=11843)

Winter feed and colony losses


Pro

port

ion o

fbeekeepers

, %

Average losses2009-2010 and 2013-2014

583 beekeepers

21185 colonies

Average losses, %


Mite

s/1

00 b

ees

Mite infestation level2012 och 2013


Apia

ries, %

Virus prevalence2012


Pollen diversity


CSI Pollen project


Determination of colors


CSI Pollen projectData from Sweden 2014

Num

ber

of

polle

n c

olo

rs


Strong colonies

Healthy winter bees

Sufficient amount of food

Prevention of colony losses


Thanks for your attention!

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Date post:	14-Jul-2015
Category:	Environment
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Mehiläisten talvitappiot ja varroantorjunta Ruotsissa. Preben Kristiansen.

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