OUTCOMES-BASED

EDUCATION

In life, which is more important?

Destination or Journey?

o Playing well or winning?o Shopping or owning?o Great job or great pay?o Driving outstation or arriving?o Sleeping or awaking?o Enjoying or finishing the book?o Studying or taking exams?

An educational method that focuses on what students can actually do after they are taught.

O.B.E.

o An OBE curriculum means starting with a clear picture of what is important for students to be able to do, then organizing the curriculum, instruction and assessment to make sure this learning ultimately happens. The four basic principles are (Spady, 1994):

o The curriculum centered on what the expected outcome of that education approach should be.

o The emphasis in an OBE education system is on measured outcomes rather than "inputs," such as how many hours students spend in class, or what textbooks are provided.

o Student-centered learning methods focus on empirically measuring student performance (the "outcome"). OBE contrasts with traditional education, which primarily focuses on the resources that are available to the student, which are called inputs.

Why is it important to know the outcomes

prior to planning and teaching?

What do you want the students to learn?(Learning Outcomes)(Learning Outcomes)

Why should they learn it?(Motivation)(Motivation)

How can you best help students learn it?(Teaching Strategies)(Teaching Strategies)

How will you know if they have learnt it?(Assessment)(Assessment)

Four Essential Principles

1.Clarity of Focus

2.Designing Back

3.High Expectations

4.Expanded Opportunities

OBE Learning Outcomes

1.Knowledge

2.Understanding

3.Skills

4.Attitudes

Course Objective Course Learning Outcome

Not behavioral in nature Verbs: Know, Understand

One course objective may generate several learning outcomes

Objectives are intended results or consequences of instruction, curricula, programmes, or activities.

What THE STUDENTS are be able to do (specific) at the end of instruction

Stated in behavioral terms Verbs: Identify, Discuss, Evaluate

Several learning outcomes are derived from one course objective

Outcomes are achieved results or consequences of what was learned – evidence that some learning took place.

What THE TEACHER expects students to know and be able to do (as a whole) at the end of instruction

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Why Learning Outcomes?

• Provide direction in the planning of a learning activity

• Focus learner’s behavior on that is to be changed

• Serve as guidelines for content, instruction and evaluation

• Identify specifically what should be learned• Convey to learners exactly what is to be

accomplished

Objective: To provide participants with a good understanding of outcome-based education

Outcome: Participants must be able to demonstrate their grasp of OBE by, e.g. writing learning outcomes for the courses they teach

A Sample…

Exercise: Write the objectives and

outcomes for two lessons in the

subject you teach

What are the characteristics of good

learning outcomes?

Achievable

Observable

Measurable / Accessible

Challenging

What is a HIGHER-ORDERThinking Skill?

Bloom’s Taxonomy : Cognitive Domain

Diploma

Bachelor

Post-Grad

In 2001, there was a revision to Bloom’s…

http://edorigami.wikispaces.com/Bloom%27s+and+ICT+tools

Learning is creating meaning and knowledge forms

ADVANTAGE OF OBE

o Focuses more on the results of the subject matter than just being able to impart knowledge in the students taking them.

o Student-centered methods and activitieso Commitment that all students of all groups

will ultimately reach the same minimum standards. Schools may not "give up" on unsuccessful students.

• Students are to be measured against a fixed yardstick, a finish line, or "against the mountain" rather than against other students.

DISADVANTAGE OF OBEo use of constraints, o values are ill-defined and o academics are watered down, and o learning by discovery is inhibited. o Standards can be too low or too higho Dislike of specific outcomeso Extra burden to on instructors and

educational institutions

SUBJECTS APPLICABLE FOR THIS MODEL

Practically, OBE can be adapted or used to any of the subject areas in the elementary schools (Math, English, Science, Filipino, AP, MAPEH, ESP, Mother Tongue) provided that it can simply follow the steps and procedure of making up an OBE-oriented lesson design.

STEPS IN CREATING AN OBE LESSON PLAN

• 4 Steps of creating an OBE/CASS Based Lesson Plan:

• Outcome: The LOs and ASs are set before the lesson begins.

• Presentation: Teachers present information clearly and creatively.

• Activity: Transforms information into knowledge.

• Assessment: Occurs on a continuous basis and informs future teaching and learning.

Context Large, general theme of a lesson; often a chapter or module.

Content Specific topic of today’s lesson; often a unit or section.

Link w/ Previous Lesson

The Content of the previous lesson.

Link w/ Next Lesson The Content of the next lesson.

Forms of Assessment

Simply lists the forms of assessment that were used.

Resources List the resources needed for the lesson. (ie. Textbooks, rulers, chart, etc.)

Integration List any LOs or ASs from other Learning Areas that were included in the lesson.

Teacher Reflection This box provides space for the teacher to reflect on the lesson after it has been taught. Teachers can write what went well, what didn’t and how the lesson can be improved in the future.

LESSON PLAN #___Teacher: Term:Learning Area: Week:Grade: Duration:Context: Content: 

Link w/ Previous Lesson:

Link w/ Next Lesson:

Outcomes - LOs & ASs: Presentation / Activity / Assessment: 

List the Forms of Assessment: 

Resources:

Integration:

Teacher Reflection:

Teacher: Grade:Observed by: Subject:Date: Follow-up Observation Date:Suggestions for improvement:         

   

Strengths:

Teacher Reflection:

TYPES OF ASSESSMENT TOOLS AND METHODS

STEPS IN ASSESSMENT DESIGN

The real challenge in teaching is not covering the material for the learners, but uncovering the material with the

learners. The teacher is not the “expert” and “transmitter” of knowledge into the empty vessels of

learners. Instead, the role of teacher is that of facilitator and mediator … to prepare the route for learners and [let

them] take responsibility for their own learning.

- New Modern Graded English Teacher’s Guide, Grade 4, p. 8

Referenceshttp://celt.ust.hk/teaching-resources/outcome-based-education/institutional-resources/obe-principles-and-process

Spady, W. 1994. Outcomes Based Education: Critical Issues and Answers. American Association of School Administration: Arlington, Virginia.

Readings on the paper of Mollie Butler, A PhD candidate titled Outcomes Based/ Outcomes Focused Education

QUESTIONS

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Thank you for listening and cooperating!