Copyright © UN-Habitat Copyright © UN-Habitat
The International Expert Group Meeting 2013 ~Urban Mobility~
1
Message from Japanese Experience on Urban Mobility in Asian-Pacific Countries
The International Expert Group Meeting -Urban Mobility-
Fukuoka Urban Laboratory LLC Takuma Enomoto
Copyright © UN-Habitat The International Expert Group Meeting 2013 ~Urban Mobility~ 2
Why is the Japan experience useful ? • Shrinking and Deurbanizing Japan and urbanizing Asian Countries
• Japan as an advanced country in experiencing urbanization issues ahead of others.
• Sharing Japanese experiences on urbanization
Source: National and Regional Planning Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism compiled using date in “Population Census Report”, ”Annual report of Population Estimates”(Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications), “Population Projections for Japan(2002.1)”(National Institute of Population and Social Security Research), “Long-term time series analysis of population distribution in Japanese islands”(National Land Agency)
Population of Japan Population of Asia
Reference: Asia is the 16 nations of ASEAN + 6 in this figure. Source: “World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Population Database” (United Nations,2008)
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Japan has experienced rapid urbanization 1989
2010s
2000s
1950s
Tokyo
Fukuoka
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Public transportation have developed along with urbanization
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What is Mobility？ • Major 4 factors in urban society
• 「Transportation」 connects「Live」･「Work」･「Rest」
• Development of transportation enabled separation between workplace and residence, and also enabled cities to expand.
• Traffic demand is derived demand
• It is derived from urban activity
• Efficient processing of traffic demand is essential to support active urban life.
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Why is a mobility important？ • Transportation enables exchange of diverse cultures
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Why is a mobility important？ • Increasing opportunities and vertical mobility through improving
transportation
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Why is a mobility important？ • Transportation supports urban economy
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• Transportation for decrease of environmental burden
Why is a mobility important？
CO2 Emission
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Best Practice: Curitiba（Brazil） • Comprehensive Urban Policy
• Land use + Transportation + Environment + Social Inclusion
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Best Practice: Curitiba（Brazil） • Graded development of bus system along with urban growth
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Toward solving mobility problems in urbanizing Asia
• Development • Placing new and improved infrastructure in accordance with urban growth
• Management • Efficient use of improved infrastructure and system
• Manage traffic demand adequately
• Governance • Place Legislation and traffic operation systems in order
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Management is
• Supply side • Efficient utilization of the traffic system
• Transportation System Management, Enterprise owned operation system etc
• Demand side • Management of demand of transportation
• Transportation Demand Management, Mobility Management etc
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Management is ～Supply side～
HOV Lane Training
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Management is ～Demand side～
Park & Ride Education
Road Pricing
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“Governance” is base of management
• Establishment and enforcement of relevant legislation
• Comprehensive operation of entire traffic system
• Formulation of comprehensive traffic plan including both infrastructure improvement and management
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“Governance” is base of management • Comprehensive operation of entire transportation system
• London (UN)：operation of bus through bidding system
Authorities Private Bus Operators
Plan Makes decision on routes, bus stops, schedule and related measures
Provides opinions and suggestions
Management
Set a subsidy and tenders by each route
Apply considering vehicle position etc
Operation
Monitor bus services
Effort to minimize cost
Operate bus service under given conditions
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“Governance” is base of management • Comprehensive operation of entire traffic system
• Curitiba (Brazil) : Bus Operation by a public corporation
• The public corporation plans traffic networks, schedule, decides fare and contract service with service company.
• The public corporation centrally controls the incomes generated, and re-distributes based on actual results.
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“Governance” is base of management • Comprehensive operation of entire traffic system
• Seoul (South Korea): Operation of bus system by city hall
• Converted all private bus companies into semi-public corporations to streamline huge numbers of competing companies.
• City hall decides routes, and redistributes generated fares based on mileage
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“Governance” is base of management • Comprehensive transportation plan including infrastructure
improvement and management
• Fukuoka（Japan）
• Ex. Designing transportation plan, Road maintenance, Implementing related policies, etc
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In closing: from Japanese experiences and lessons • Traffic strategy is important as part of urban policy
• Development and implementation of a transportation plan in package with management is important
• New improvement infrastructure + Utilizing existing system
Let’s consider together how we can improve the mobility in
your country by sharing knowledge and experience from Fukuoka and others.
