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Methodologies for Assessing Food and Nutrition SecurityNational Conference on Food and Nutrition SecurityManila | 12-13 October 2015

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OUTLINE

The National Nutrition Council

Food and Nutrition Security Definition

Malnutrition frameworks

Indicators and Measures

FS Assessment Applications

Summary

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Nutrition Act of the

Philippines, June 1974

Office of the President

Reorganization Act of the NNC

DSWD, July 1987

Retransferring the NNC

from DSWD to DA,

August 1988

1. Formulate national food and nutrition policies and strategies

2. Coordinate the national food and nutrition program

3. Coordinate funds for nutrition

4. Call on any government instrumentality for assistance

NNC Mandate

Transferred NNC from

DA to DOH, 2005

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FOOD SECURITY

“when all people at all times have physical, social and economic access to food, which is consumed in sufficient quantity and quality to meet their dietary needs and food preferences, and is supported by an environment of adequate sanitation, health services and care, allowing for a healthy and active life”

Source: UNSCN Meeting of the Minds: Nutrition Impact of Food Systems; 25 – 28 March 2013

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Food security vs. nutrition securityFood security:

• All the acceptable definitions imply nutrition but only as long as household’s food are consumed according to the dietary requirements of all household member their dietary/nutritional needs will be met (A. Agyemang, U. Jonsson)

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Food security vs. nutrition securityNutrition security:

• requires simultaneously ‘food’, ‘health’ and ‘care’

• Can not achieve nutrition security without FS at household level and ‘food safety’ (E. Edwards, U. Jonsson)

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Source: UNICEF Source: Foodsec.org

Causality framework of malnutrition

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4 Food

Security Dimensions

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Food and nutrition security measures

Availability of food

• Self-sufficiency ratio of selected staples

• Available of food in markets

Stability of food supply

• Price fluctuations

• Trends in food supply of staples

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Food and nutrition security measures – underlying causes

Access to food

•Subsistence incidence

•Safety nets

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Indicator 1991 2003 2006 2009 20122013

1st Sem*

2014 1st

Sem**

Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence

Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold (in Pesos)

5,949 10,976 13,357 16,871 18,935 9,630 10,534

Poverty Incidence of Families (%) 29.7 20.0 21.0 20.5 19.7 18.8 20.0

Poverty Incidence of Population (%) 34.4 24.9 26.6 26.3 25.2 24.6 25.8

Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence

Annual Per Capita Food Threshold (in Pesos)

4,135 7,577 9,308 11,780 13,232 6,712 7,350

Subsistence Incidence of Families (%) 14.4 8.2 8.8 7.9 7.5 7.5 7.6

Subsistence Incidence of Population (%) 17.6 11.1 12.0 10.9 10.4 10.5 10.5

*2013 Poverty estimates were revised from those released on 29 April 2014 for consistency with the 2014 poverty estimates which were generated from the 2014 Annual Poverty Indicator Survey which does not include sample households from Batanes and Leyte.

**2014 poverty estimates were generated from the 2014 APIS, which does not include sample households from Batanesand Leyte.

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Food and nutrition security measures

Food utilization

• Food consumption score

• Diet diversity score

• Percent recommended energy/nutrient intake

• Caloric adequacy

• Health condition

• Access to safe water and sanitation

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Food and nutrition security measures – FSN outcomes

Nutritional status-food security

• Underweight

• Wasting

• Stunting

• Caloric adequacy• Waist-hip ratio• Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC)• Micronutrient deficiencies• Food security index (national level)

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140.9

193.2

204.8208.4

201.9

153.1

212.7

204.7

164.4

210.2 209.5212.2 212.7

198.2

184.9

188.9 190.7

181.2186.0

181.0 178.7

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Finally, we:

• Look at linkages and convergence of data

•Build technical consensus on findings

•Disseminate reports

•Plan for response

10/13/2015 1810/13/2015 18Panel Discussion on Methodologies for Assessing Food and Nutrition Security

Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Chronic Food Insecurity Analysis

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A multi-sector and global approach

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What is IPC?• a set of tools and procedures

for classifying the nature & severity of current and projected food security situations

• protocols for ‘Situation Analysis’

BACKGROUND

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BACKGROUND

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What is IPC?

Overall Classification

CropsNutrition

Livestock

Fisheries

Market & Trade

WaterHealthEducation

Gender

National Resources

Income and Employment

Infrastructure

BACKGROUND

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What is IPC?

Food Consumption

Overall Food Security Phase ClassificationLivelihood

Change

Nutritional Status

Mortality

IPC ANALYSTS

BACKGROUND

Multisectoral planning in nutrition

10/13/2015 24“Food security status”, Kenya 2006 “% pp Food Insecure” , Ghana 2009

“Food security phase classification”, Nepal 2006/07 24

No “common currency”

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Why IPC?

Based on “common currency”

IPC ACUTE PHASE CLASSIFICATION

Phase 1: MININALPhase 2: STRESSEDPhase 3: CRISISPhase 4: EMERGENCYPhase 5: FAMINE

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ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY

IPC for Classification of Food Insecurity

All food insecurity found at a specific point in time (snapshot) of a severity that threatens lives and/or livelihoods regardless of the causes, context or duration.

To inform interventions with short term strategic objectives

To inform interventions with medium and long term strategic objectives

CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY

Persistent food insecurity due to structural causes. This persistence is determined based on analysis of conditions under non-exceptional circumstances.

Objective Definition

Acute and Chronic food insecurity are different and thus require different but well coordinated and linked responses

BACKGROUND

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STEP 1: Introduction to IPC Chronic Food Security Analyses and Planning of Rollout Process

STEP 2: Training 1: Data Requirements and ISS for IPC-Chronic

STEP 3: Evidence Collection

STEP 4: Training 2: IPC Chronic Phase Classification

STEP 5: IPC Chronic Analysis and Validation

STEP 6: Production and Dissemination of Findings

STEPS IN IPC-CHRONIC IMPLEMENTATION

IPC-Chronic Implementation

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Type of Evidence

DIRECT

Indicates level descriptions and cutoffs for globally comparable indicators for each food security element

INDIRECT

Indicators that can be used to support classification of chronic food insecurity and may include cut-offs for indicators if available

IPC-Chronic Implementation

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Food and NutritionSurveys

Direct Indicators(Reference Table)

Re-analysis / Alignment

(Reference Table)Level Classification

National Nutrition Survey (NNS)

Survey on Food Demand (SFD)

Annual Poverty Indicator Survey (APIS)

Baseline Assessment of WFP and WB

• Stunting

• Food Consumption Score

• Use of Iodized Salt

• Use of Quality-Related Coping

• Share of Energy

• Starch Staple Ratio

• Provincial Poverty Line

L1 L2 L3 L4

Evidence Collection Process

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Stunting

Province

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4

% Not stunted (HAZ ≥ - 2SD)

% Moderately stunted

(-3 < HAZ < -2SD)

% Severely stunted

(HAZ < -3 SD)

XYZ 55 CI(48:61) 28 CI(21:34) 17 CI(13:32)

Re-analysis and alignment of indicators

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Province

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4

% Above the moderateline

% Below moderate line but above the

extreme line% Below the extreme line

XYZ 33 26 42

Provincial Poverty LineRe-analysis and alignment

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Core answers to the following Questions

1.HOW severe is the situation?

2.Where are areas that are food insecure?

insecure?

3.How many people are food insecure?

4.Who are the food-insecure people in terms of

terms of socio-economic characteristics?

5.Why are the people food insecure?

BACKGROUND

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Chronic Food Insecurity Situation in the 18 Provinces of Mindanao

Steps in ISS

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Uses of IPC

• Points to strategic response or action based on phase classification

• Prioritization of interventions

• Prioritization of provinces (IPC Philippines)

BACKGROUND

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FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY -

EARLY WARNING SYSTEM (FNS-EWS)

for city/municipalities

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Why is EWS important?

Enable early forecasting based on trends

Provide timely warning and interventions

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Why is EWS important?

Identify affected households and vulnerable areas

Allow government decisions concerning priorities and allocation of resources

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Builds on the Four Pillars of Food and Nutrition Security

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How does the EWS operate?

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Quarterly Data Collection

(2 levels) - Municipal

(secondary data)

- Household (primary data)

Data entered and analyzed using a simple data base

The local EWS Team presents the findings to the Mayor and the MNC

The Mayor and the Municipal Council take action in cases of impending food crisis

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Suggested Alert Levels for the FNS-EWS

Alert Level 1 – Normal or Mild Threat (Green)

Alert Level 2 – Warning (Orange)

Alert Level 3 – Critical (Red)

Uses Trigger and Alert levels

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FNS-EWS QUARTERLY REPORT – SUMMARY SHEET

Stability

Availability

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FNS-EWS QUARTERLY REPORT – SUMMARY SHEET

Accessibility

Utilization

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STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION

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ILOCOS SUR (Reg I)Tagudin

BENGUET (CAR) Atok

ISABELA (Reg II)Ilagan City

ZAMBALES (Reg III)Botolan

CAMARINES SUR (reg V)• Cabusao• Calabanga• Canaman• Minalabac• Ragay• Sipocot

OCC. MINDORO (Reg IV-B)Abra de Ilog

BOHOL (Reg VII)Buenavista

SURIGAO DEL SUR (CARAGA)Lingig

DAVAO DEL NORTE (Reg XI)Panabo City

SULTAN KUDARAT (Reg XII)Lambayong

MISAMIS OCC. (Reg X)Ozamiz City

MAGUINDANAO (ARMM)Upi

ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY (Reg IX)Kabasalan

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AKLAN (Region VI)AltavasBatanBuruangaMalinaoTangalan

Capiz (Region VI)DaoDumaraoIvisanJamindanTapaz

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Summary

• Several methods for FSN assessment

•Data availability gaps exist

•Need to strengthen process for technical consensus building

•Utilization of FSN assessment results need to be ensured

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