MicrosoftPowerPoint-Biotech-Farming

8/7/2019 MicrosoftPowerPoint-Biotech-Farming

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Manjit S. KangVice ChancellorPunjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana

BIOTECH FARMING


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Share of different sectors inIndias Economy (2006-07)

Tertiary, 54.74%

Primary , 20.54%

Secondary,

24.71%

PrimarySecondary

Tertiary

(Agriculture)

( Industry)( Services)


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SUSTAINING AGRICULTURE

Development and release of high-yielding crop varieties

Development of efficient cropproduction and protection

technologies


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SUSTAINING AGRICULTURE

Use of quality agrochemicals(fertilizers, pesticides)

Assured irrigation Developing crop varieties with

greater water-use efficiency


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Biotechnology provides powerful tools for

the sustainable development ofagriculture, fisheries and forestry, as wellas the food industry. When appropriatelyintegrated with other technologies, it canbe of significant assistance in meeting the

needs of an expanding and increasinglyurbanized population in the nextmillennium. (FAO, 2000)


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BIOTECHNOLOGY ASPECTS:RELEVANCE TO AGRICULTURE

Tissue culture/micropropagation

Haploid/ doubled-haploid breeding

Transgenic technology

DNA-marker technology


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TISSUE CULTUREMICROPROPAGATION

Micropropagation involves the

production of plants from very small (1mm) plant parts through tissue culture.Micropropagation of selectedornamentals, field, fruit and forest plantspecies is one of the best and most

successful examples of commercialapplications of tissue-culturetechnology.


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APPLICATIONS OFMICROPROPAGATION

1. PRODUCTION OF SUPER-ELITEPLANTING MATERIAL (SEED) OFVEGETATIVELY PROPAGATED

SPECIES.2. QUICK SPREAD OF NEWVARIETIES OF VEGETATIVELY

PROPAGATED SPECIES.3. REJUVENATION OF OLD

VARIETIES OF VEGETATIVELY

PROPAGATED SPECIES.


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MICROPROPAGATION PROTOCOLS

Micropropagation protocolsdeveloped at PAU: Total 17 species


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DEVELOPED AT PAU

Total plant species=17

BANANA


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MICROPROPAGATION PROTOCOLS

Developed at P.A.U.

FIELD CROPS

FLOURICULTURAL PLANTS

FRUIT CROPS

FOREST CROPS

MEDICINAL PLANTS

Sugarcane

Potato

Gladiolus

Chrysanthemum

Carnation

Lilium

Citrus

Strawberry

Eucalyptus

Neem

Poplar

Paulowinia

Mentha

Brahmi

Safed musli

Aloe vera

Banana


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Sugarcane

Potato

Mentha

Banana

MASS PROPAGATIONTHROUGH

MICROPROPAGATION


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BANANA

POTATO

MENTHAPOTATO

SUGACANE


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MICROPROPAGATION OF POTATO

THROUGH MINITUBER PRODUCTION


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POTATO (TC1 GENERATION) IN

THE FIELD

TISSUE CULTURED CONVENTIONAL


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SPREAD OF MICROPROPAGATION

TECHNOLOGY

More than 500 million plants

belonging to different plantspecies are annually producedthrough micopropagation in theworld.

There are more than 100

commercial tissue-culture units inIndia


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HAPLOID/DOUBLED-HAPLOIDBREEDING

Production of haploids/doubled

haploids through anther andpollen culture from F1 plants,

and embryo culture from widecrosses is a very usefultechnique for shortening thebreeding cycle and earlyrelease of varieties.


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DOUBLED-HAPLOID BREEDING

AT PAU

ANTHER CULTURE IN RICEPOLLEN CULTURE IN RICE

PRODUCTION OF WHEAT HAPLOIDS

THROUGH WHEAT X MAIZE CROSSES


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A

C D

Field Trials of Anther & Pollen-Derived indicarice

B


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APPLICATIONS In vitroproduction of haploids/doubled-

haploids from F1 plants results in true-breeding plants in less than one year,which otherwise takes 7 to 8generations through conventionalmethods.

Several cultivars are either in tests orhave been released in rice, wheat,

maize, rapeseed and mustard in China,Canada, Denmark, USA and France.


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TRANSGENIC TECHNOLOGY Useful genes cloned from viruses,

bacteria, fungi, insects, animals,human beings and even the genessynthesized in the lab can be

introduced into plants. Unlike conventional plant

breeding, only the specific, cloned

gene (s) is (are) being introducedwithout the co-transfer ofundesirable genes from donor. No

need for repeated backcrossing.


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NORMAL PLANTORNORMAL CROP

GM (TRANSGENIC) PLANTORGM (TRANSGENIC) CROP

VIRUS

BACTERIAFUNGI

INSECTSANIMALSHUMANUNRELATED PLANTS

CLONED TRANSGENE(S)

TRANS-ORGANISMS

VIRUS

BACTERIAFUNGI

INSECTSANIMALSHUMANUNRELATED PLANTS

VIRUSES

BACTERIAFUNGI

INSECTSANIMALSHUMANSUNRELATED PLANTS


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TRANSGENIC RESEARCH AT

PAU


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Development of Bt transgenic rice

Biologia Plantarum 50 (2): 311-314.


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GENETIC ENGINEERING OF RICE FORGREATER WATER-USE EFFICIENCY

Biolo ia Plantarum (In ress)


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Agrobacterium-Mediated

Genetic Transformation of Sugarcane

C

F

D

DC

B

A


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T1 GENERATION OF SELECTED TRANSGENIC

SUGARCANE PLANTS

T1 GENERATION OF SELECTED TRANSGENIC

SUGARCANE PLANTS


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INTERNATIONAL STATUS OF

TRANSGENIC CROPS Total countries growing transgenic crops

=25 Total area under transgenic crops in the

world= 125 MH

Total crops: 10 Total area under transgenic crops in India =7.6 MH

Area under Bt cotton in Punjab: About 5.5lakh hectares (~0.5 MH) (i.e., about 90 % areais under Bt cotton)


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Indias Status

James Clive: 2008

USA: Soy, maize, cotton, canola, squash,

papaya, alfalfa, sugarbeet Argentina: Soy, maize, cotton

Brazil: Soy, maize, cotton

India: Cotton

Canada: Canola, maize, soy, sugarbeet

China: Cotton, tomato, poplar, peunia,papaya, sweet pepper


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Bt Cotton

Bt Non Bt


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Bt COTTON IN PUNJAB PAU has recommended 6 Bt cotton

hybrids developed by different seedcompanies for cultivation in Punjab.

Total area under cotton: 6.5 Lakh

hectares (Area under Bt cotton : 90%). Pesticides have been reduced by

almost 90%.

State is heading for a white-goldrevolution.


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GENETICALLY MODIFIED

FOODS FOR FUTURE

High-lycopene tomato

o Tomato with high flavonols /flavonoids as anti-oxidants

o Bt Brinjalo Cavity-fighting apples


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GENETICALLY MODIFIED

FOODS FOR FUTURE

Golden rice

Iron-pumping rice

Golden brassica

Proteinaceous potatoes

Decaffeinated tea & coffee


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MOLECULAR-MARKER

TECHNOLOGY

Development of saturated linkage

maps

DNA fingerprinting for varietal

identification Phylogenetic and evolutionary

studies Molecular markers and heterosis

breeding


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MOLECULAR-MARKER

TECHNOLOGY

Gene tagging

Marker-assisted selection

Marker-assisted alien-geneintrogression

Map-based gene cloning


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BE4893230.0

bcd13027.4gdm3342.7gwm3347.9cfd5849.2gwm13653.6cfa215355.7BE44489059.3mwg710.2psr549.2

59.8

mwg2021.160.3gwm110466.6BE442682barC604

69.2

BE49983574.2cfa2158cfd21

78.5

BE44340180.8BE44310383.7BE59168286.9BE49529291.6barc9101.4gdm36116.2cfd65cfd59

126.9

wmc470.1131.2gwm135135.9BE443103171.2

1Amwg8510.0ksuD1818.5BE49835819.6wmc38223.6barc124.125.1gwm63633.9psr66652.3psr108wmc177

57.8

fba198

fba17858.7wmC66460.6fba27268.5BE49749481.2BE49947884.9gwm27587.5BE406808wmc47490.1

BE406584gwm515

91.3

gwm1011

gwm1045

BE406923gwm71cfd26

94.7

wmc42096.0BE425962

psr630115.5

barc5117.4psr681127.0psr933127.4wmc407127.6wmc170psr331

131.2

fba374132.3psr540136.8cfd267150.4cfd223183.7

gwm3820.0gwm3110.6barc1228.9

2A

wmc1470.0

gwm75721.4barc5725.1barc1233.6wmc1134.3

cfd7949.8

Gnu_A76.6

barC61895.5gwm77996.7wmc150.1105.6wmc79125.6barc19126.2barc67126.5

wmC669126.8cfa2134133.1psr570134.3gwm1121138.9psr74150.9wmc492153.4barc152168.6wmc96.3170.5

bcd131216.0

wmc153228.6cfa2170232.3cfd62235.2wmc326244.1wmc322252.5

gwm391283.3

3A

wm6140.0wmc894.1barc1065.6cfd716.2Ba216.5

cfa217333.0

gwm49446.2mwg2021.253.4cdo48454.0

mwg67679.9

psr9210.0gwm3973.3

4A

BE4969030.0barc18618.1barc1wmc150.2

18.7

cfd4019.3barc11721.9

gwm44349.0 BE49983559.5gwm20560.6gwm15464.3

barc14183.0gwm18688.0wmc37194.5cfd2.296.3barc151117.0cfd12125.9gwm271130.0psr426

135.8 cfd2a140.7psr549.1144.3barc124.2147.2cfa2163barc142

150.0

cfa2141150.9wmc470.2154.8bcd98157.1KsuG14178.6

cfd39201.4gwm126207.4

gwm6211.0cfd47222.2wmc74224.2

5A

cfd1900.0wmc96.21.2barc371.8barc11313.0gwm57026.7wmc17932.5gwm101744.0wmc41746.2gwm61757.1gwm42760.1gwm108963.4psr96667.8

psr687barc104

89.0

6A

gwm4710.0

barc7036.2

gwm63547.9

cfd3172.6

cfa204993.5wm6100.9gwm130102.0barc154103.7cfa2028106.7wmc405122.2wmc58123.9

cfa2174135.0 RC_A138.3gwm573wmc17

142.6

cfd68145.4wmc96.1149.8gwm473153.8barC69163.7

mwg710.3192.1

gwm3320.0

cfa201911.8

gwm3440.0

wmC67334.7

7A

Molecular linkage map of diploid wheat Triticum monococcum

Developed at PAU

Ch 2


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Chrom 1

gdm3342.7gwm3347.9cfd5849.2gwm13653.6cfa215355.7

BE44489059.3mwg710bPsr549b

59.8

mwg2021a60.3gwm110466.6BE442682barc204

69.2

BE49983574.2cfa2158cfd2178.5

BE44340180.8BE44310383.7BE59168286.9

BE49529291.6barc9101.4

CreM.pa

u-1A

Cereal cyst nematode resistance

gene mapped in T. monococcum

Stripe rust resistance gene

mapped in T. monococcum

a198fba17858.7

wmC66460.6fba27268.5BE49749481.2BE49947884.9gwm27587.5BE406808wmc474

90.1

BE406584gwm515

91.3

gwm1011gwm1045BE406923

gwm71cfd26

94.7

wmc42096.0 BE425962psr630

115.5

barc5117.4psr681127.0psr933127.4wmc407127.6wmc170

psr331131.2fba374132.3psr540136.8cfd267150.4

YrM.au-2A

Chrom 2

PYRAMIDING OF BACTERIAL BLIGHT RESITANCE GENES


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PR106

Pusa

44

PR114

PR116

PR118

PR106py

ramid

lines

Pusa44p

yramid

lines

PR106py

ramid

lines

Pusa44pyramid

lines

BB reaction (artificial inoculation) of

released varieties and pyramid lines

Pyramiding of Bacterial Blight resistance

genes, xa5, xa13 and Xa21 in the

background of PR106 and Pusa 44

xa5

xa13

Xa21

PYRAMIDING OF BACTERIAL BLIGHT RESITANCE GENES

IN RICE THROUGH MAS


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RM339

xa13

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

B3

70

P2

Xa21

B3

70

P2

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

B3

70

P2

MAS: Basmati rice Improvement

Linked to

amylosecontent


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Semidwarf plants obtained in the BC1F3 progenies of the crosses Basmati

370/ IET 17948//Basmati 370 and Basmati 386/ IET 17948//Basmati 386


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PBW3

43

Lr24

Lr28

MAS: Pyramiding Leaf Rust ( Lr) genes in wheat


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MAS: Leaf rust reaction ofLr24 +Lr28 pyramid lines

PBW343

Pyramid lines


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Microbial biotechnology Biofertilizers

Biopesticides

Bioherbicides


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Biofertilizers PAU has developed seven Rhizobium

cultures for seven leguminous crops -The technology has been transferred toDepartment of Agriculture, Punjab.

Certain fungi are also being

investigated for use as biofertilizers


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BiopesticidesPAU has isolated some strains of

Trichoderma, Pseudomonas,Bacillus subtilis and Fusarium for

biocontrol of soil-borne plantpathogens of potato, chickpea,rice and sunflower.

Fungus to control nematodes in soil


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BiopesticidesThe potato seed-tuber treatment

with Trichoderma has beenrecommended for control of black

scurf disease of potato in Punjab.


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Summary: AgBiotech products Micropropagated plants

Transgenic crops Pyramided lines/varieties

Gene Chips

Biofertilizers

Biopesticides

Bioherbicides Disease diagnostic kits


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Innovate


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THANKSTHANKS


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THANKSTHANKS

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