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PATH LOSS 4.0 MW Design ToolJan, 2014Microwave Network Design

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.Microwave Product Training for Network Product Manager.1Digital Microwave Communication PrinciplesBasis of Microwave Network DesignRoute DesignLink DesignReportTipsContent2 Definition of MicrowaveMicrowaveMicrowave is a kind of electromagnetic wave. In a broad sense, the microwave frequency range is from 300 MHz to 300 GHz. But In microwave communication, the frequency range is generally from 3 GHz to 30 GHz.According to the characteristics of microwave propagation, microwave can be considered as plane wave.The plane wave has no electric field and magnetic field longitudinal components along the propagation direction. The electric field and magnetic field components are vertical to the propagation direction. Therefore, it is called transverse electromagnetic wave and TEM wave for short.HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page # x-3The wave with the radio frequency between 300 MHz and 300 GHz (or the wavelength between 1 meter and 1 millimeter) is called centimeter wave in microwave. TEMTransverse Electric and Magnetic

AntennaThe antenna performs the directional transmission and reception of RF signals. The main parameters are frequency band, diameter and antenna gain.

Single-polarized antenna dual-polarized antenna HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Split-Mount Microwave Equipment Installation

antenna (separate mount)ODUIF cableSeparate MountSoft waveguide

IDUIF portantenna (direct mount)ODUIDUDirect Mount

IF cableIF portHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page # x-5The installation of the split-mount radio contains two parts, indoor installation and outdoor installation. Indoor installation is similar to case-shaped equipment installation. So we focus on outdoor installation. Outdoor installation includes installing the antenna and ODU. There are two methods. One is direct installation and the other is separate installation. IFX BoardXPIC featuresXPIC (Cross-polarization interference cancellation ) is a technology used together with co-channel dual-polarization (CCDP). The application of the two technologies doubles the wireless link capacity over the same channel.XPIC is used to effectively improve the transmission capacity and the utilization of the frequency spectrums. It is widely used in the trunk microwave. As the split-mount microwave develops and the frequency resources become insufficient in recent years, the XPIC technology is applied in the split-mount microwave. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #1+1 HSB Typical ConfigurationIDU 620 1+1 HSB Typical configurationIDU 605 2B HSB Typical Configuration

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #7IDU 620 1 2 1+1 HSB 1+1 HSB

1+1 SD Typical ConfigurationIDU 620 SD Typical ConfigurationIDU 605 2B SD Typical Configuration

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #8IDU 620 1 2 1+1 SD 1+1 SD 1 2 2 ODUIF0AIF0BIF1AIF1BIFX

IDU 605 2B 1 1+1 SD 1+1 SD 1 1 IDU 605 2B2 ODU

1+1FD Typical ConfigurationIDU 900 FD Typical ConfigurationIDU 605 2B FD Typical Configuration

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #9IDU 620 1 2 1+1 FD 1+1 FD 2 2 2 ODU1 1 IF0AIF0BIF1AIF1BIFX FD 1

IDU 605 2B 1 1+1 FD 1+1 FD 2 1 IDU 605 2B2 ODU11 FD 1

Dual-polarized compact antennas-SupportDiameter7 and 8 G11 G13 G15 G18 G23 G26 G28 G32 G38 G42 G0.3 m0.6 m0.9/1.0 m1.2 m1.8 mThe dual-polarized antennas support the direct mounting mode. In the case of a direct mounting mode flexible waveguides are not required. A direct mounting mode can decrease link loss, and increase transmission system gain. It is applicable to the XPIC-enabled scenarios.Dual-polarized direct-mounted antennas cannot be used with hybrid couplers.HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #10type6G7/8/11/13/15/18/23G26/28/32/38G42G3 dB balanced hybrid couplerLoss3.63.84.14.76 dB unbalanced hybrid couplerLoss of the main path1.71.92.12.4Loss of the standby path6.87.088H port Hybrid CouplerHybrid CouplerType6G7/8/11/13/15/18/23/26/28/32/38G3 dB balanced hybrid couplerLoss3.53.56 dB unbalanced hybrid couplerLoss of the main path (dB)1.91.7Loss of the standby path (dB)6.50.66.50.6R Interface Hybrid CouplerHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Microwave Frequency Band Selection and RF Channel Configuration (1)Generally-used frequency bands in digital microwave transmission: 7G/8G/11G/13G/15G/18G/23G/26G/32G/38G (defined by ITU-R Recommendations)85432102013040501.5 GHz2.5 GHzLong haul trunk network2/8/34 Mbit/s11 GHzGHz34/140/155 Mbit/s2/8/34/140/155 Mbit/s3.3 GHzRegional networkRegional network, local network, and boundary networkHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page # x-12(1) For long haul PDH microwave links (the distance between stations is generally longer than 15 km), 8 GHz frequency band is recommended. If the distance between stations is not longer than 25 km, 11 GHz frequency band can also be used. The specific frequency band shall be determined based on the local weather conditions and microwave transmission cross-section.(2) For short haul PDH microwave links (generally used in the access layer and the distance between stations is shorter than 10 km), 11/13/14/15/18 GHz frequency band is recommended. (3) For long haul SDH microwave links (the distance between stations is generally longer than 15 km), 5/6/7/8 GHz frequency band is recommended. If the distance between stations is not longer than 20 km, 11 GHz frequency band can also be used. The specific frequency band shall be determined based on the local weather conditions and microwave transmission cross-section.Principles of Selecting Frequency BandsFrequencyShift Frequencies (MHz) (T-R Spacing) Use4-7 GHz161, 154, 245 Long-distance network backbones8 GHz126, 161, 154. 199, 266, 311Long-distance network backbones11-13 GHz266Short and medium distance15 GHz308, 420, 490, 315. 720, 728Short and medium distance18 GHz340, 1092.5, 1008, 1010, 1560Short and medium distance23 GHz600, 1050, 1232, 1008, 1200, Short distance in urban areas26 GHz855, 1008Short distance in urban areas28 GHz1008Short distance in urban areas32 GHz812Short distance in urban areas38 GHz700, 1260Short distance in urban areas Division of microwave frequency bands:HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #13Microwave Frequency Band Selection and RF Channel Configuration (2)In each frequency band, subband frequency ranges, transmitting/receiving spacing (T/R spacing), and channel spacing are defined.f0 (center frequency)Frequency rangeChannel spacingf1f2fnf1f2fnChannel spacingT/R spacingT/R spacing

Low frequency bandHigh frequency bandProtection spacingAdjacent channel T/R spacingHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page # x-14Here are a few concepts about microwave frequency band setting. After selecting the microwave frequency band, configure the RF channels, that is, divide the frequency band into several smaller sub-bands to provide the spectrum required by the transmitter. We call these sub-bands channels. These channels are usually indicated by their respective center frequencies and sequence number. The channel bandwidth depends on the spectrum of the signal transmitted, or depends on the capacity and the modulation scheme employed. Therefore, when configuring RF channels, follow the principles listed below:(1) Make full use of the limited radio frequency band.(2) For one radio station, there must be enough spacing between the transmit frequency and receive frequency, to avoid serious interference on the receiver brought by the transmitter.(3) In a multi-channel system, there must be enough frequency spacing between two adjacent channels, to avoid mutual interference. (4) There must be enough protection spacing at the edges of the allocated frequency band, to avoid interference with the adjacent frequency bands.(5) Most RF channels are configured with equal spacing. According to the description of microwave relay system RF channel configuration in ITU-R F.746-3, equal spacing is the basic scheme employed first for RF channel configuration. The frequently used channel spacing is 2.5 MHz and 3.5 MHz, which belong to North American system and European system respectively. For 3.5 MHz channel spacing scheme, it is expected that the channel spacing will be further divided into 1.75 MHz, to support the small capacity transmission requirement of 1xE1 or 2xE1. The following are the common parameters that are related to RF channel configuration:XS: the RF spacing between the center frequencies of the adjacent RF channels of the same polarization direction in the same transmission direction.YS: the RF spacing between the center frequencies of closest go channel and return channel.ZS: the RF spacing between the center frequency of the outermost RF channel and the frequency at the edge of the frequency band. If the frequency spacing at the lower end is different from that at the upper end of the frequency band, then Z1S is used to indicate the frequency spacing at the lower end, and Z2S is used to indicate the frequency spacing at the upper end. DS: the spacing between the transmit and receive duplex frequencies. Within a specified channel, the spacing between a pair of fn and fn' is constant.

Free Space Transmission LossFree space loss: A = 92.4 + 20 log d + 20 log f (d: km, f: GHz). If d or f is doubled, the loss will increase by 6 dB.Power level PTX = Transmit powerG = Antenna gainA0 = Free space lossM = Fading marginPTXDistanceGTXGRX PRX A0MReceiving thresholdGdGf PRX = Receive powerHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page # x-15Free space is an infinite space filled up with even and ideal propagation medium, in which electromagnetic wave is not affected by the factors such as blocking, reflection, diffraction, scattering, and absorption. The concept of level fading contains a threshold level, a receive level, and a margin usually reserved. The margin may be not much for small-capacity systems. But for the current large-capacity digital microwave system, larger margin is required. The receive level in free space can be calculated by this formula:Pr(dBm)=Pt+Gt+Gr-Lf-Lt-Lr-LbPt: transmit powerGt/Gr: antenna gainLf: free space transmission lossLt/Lr: loss of transmit/receive feed line Lb: loss of branch system

Absorption FadingMolecules of all substances are composed of charged particles. These particles have their own electromagnetic resonant frequencies. When the microwave frequencies of these substances are close to their resonance frequencies, resonance absorption occurs to the microwave.Statistic shows that absorption to the microwave frequency lower than 12 GHz is smaller than 0.1 dB/km. Compared with free space loss, the absorption loss can be ignored.Atmosphere absorption curve (dB/km)1GHz7.5GHz12GHz23GHz60GHz0.01dB10dB1dB0.1dBHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page # For frequencies lower than 10 GHz, rain loss can be ignored. Only a few db may be added to a relay section.

For frequencies higher than 10 GHz, repeater spacing is mainly affected by rain loss. For example, for the 13 GHz frequency or higher, 100 mm/h rainfall causes a loss of 5 dB/km. Hence, for the 13 GHz and 15 GHz frequencies, the maximum relay distance is about 10 km. For the 20 GHz frequency and higher, the relay distance is limited in few kilometres due to rain loss.

High frequency bands can be used for user-level transmission. The higher the frequency band is, the more severe the rain fading. Rain FadingHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page # x-17Water droplets in rain or fog can cause scattering or absorption attenuation for electromagnetic wave.7G and 8G microwave can transmit for over 100 km. Atmosphere refraction As a result of atmosphere refraction, the microwave propagation trail is bent. It is considered that the electromagnetic wave is propagated along a straight line above the earth with an equivalent earth radius of , = KR (R: actual earth radius.) The average measured K value is about 4/3. However, the K value of a specific section is related to the meteorological phenomena of the section. The K value may change within a comparatively large range. This can affect line-of-sight propagation.

RK-Type FadingHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page # x-18What is the earth radius? In microwave, the earth radius used is 6370 km. The circumference of earth is over 40,000 km.For the purpose of calculation, the concept of equivalent earth radius is used. Electromagnetic wave is considered as a straight line. The actual earth radius "a" is equivalent to "ae". The basic principle is that the clearance between the radial and the ground remains the same. Multipath fading: Due to multipath propagation of refracted waves, reflected waves, and scattered waves, multiple electric waves are received at the receiving end. The composition of these electric waves will result in severe interference fading. Reasons for multipath fading: reflections due to non-uniform atmosphere, water surface and smooth ground surface. Down fading: fading where the composite wave level is lower than the free space received level. Up fading: fading where the composite wave level is higher than the free space received level. Non-uniform atmosphere Water surface Smooth ground surface.Multipath FadingGround surfaceHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Duct Type FadingDue to the effects of the meteorological conditions such as ground cooling in the night, burnt warm by the sun in the morning, smooth sea surface, and anticyclone, a non-uniform structure is formed in atmosphere. This phenomenon is called atmospheric duct. If microwave beams pass through the atmospheric duct while the receiving point is outside the duct layer, the field strength at the receiving point is from not only the direct wave and ground reflected wave, but also the reflected wave from the edge of the duct layer. As a result, severe interference fading occurs and causes interruption to the communications.Duct type fadingHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page # x-20High and low antennasAnti-fading Technologies for Digital Microwave SystemHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page # x-21Anti-fading Technologies for Digital Microwave SystemFrequency diversity Signals at different frequencies have different fading characteristics. Accordingly, two or more microwave frequencies with certain frequency spacing to transmit and receive the same information which is then selected or composed, to reduce the influence of fading. This work mode is called frequency diversity. Advantages: The effect is obvious. Only one antenna is required. Disadvantages: The utilization ratio of frequency bands is low.f1f2HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page # x-22Anti-fading Technologies for Digital Microwave System Space diversity Signals have different multipath effect over different paths and thus have different fading characteristics. Accordingly, two or more suites of antennas at different altitude levels to receive the signals at the same frequency which are composed or selected. This work mode is called space diversity. If there are n pairs of antennas, it is called n-fold diversity. Advantages: The frequency resources are saved. Disadvantages: The equipment is complicated, as two or more suites of antennas are required. Antenna distance: As per experience, the distance between the diversity antennas is 100 to 200 times the wavelength in frequently used frequency bands.f1f1HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page # x-23 Space diversity can effectively solve the K-type fading caused by the interference of ground-reflective wave and direct wave, and the interference fading caused troposphere reflection.

DiffractionThe knife-edged obstacle blocks partial of the Fresnel zone. This also causes the diffraction of the microwave. Influenced by the two reasons, the level at the actual receive point must be lower than the free space level. The loss caused by the knife-edged obstacle is called additional loss. Transmission ClearanceHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page # x-24RAIN ZONES ITU

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #F1F2FREQRX1Figure2 F1 (transmitted signal) and F2 (interfering signal) are overlapped.F1F2FREQRX1 Figure 1 F1 (transmitted signal) = F2 (interfering signal)

co-frequency interference.When the interfering signal has the same frequency as the interfered signal, the interference is called co-channel interference. Adjacent channel interferenceWhen the central frequency of the interfering signal falls in an adjacent channel of the main transmitted signal, the interference is called adjacent channel interference.Type of interferenceHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Examples of Interference Case1 (co-channel interference)Interference caused when the antenna beam width is large and the included angle between links is small. The signals transmitted from site A to site B interfere with the signals received by site B from site C. Similarly, the signals transmitted from site C to site B also interfere with the signals received by site B from site A.80 Deg.Site ASite BSite CHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Examples of Interference Case2 (co-channel interference)Front-back interference is caused by a poor front-back ratio of antennas. The signals transmitted from site X interfere with the signals received by site Y from site Z. Similarly, the signals transmitted from site Y to site X also interfere with the signals received by site Z from site Y.Site XSite ZSite YHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Examples of Interference Case3 (co-channel interference)Overreach interference. The signals transmitted from site A to site B interfere with the signals received by site D from site C. Similarly, the signals transmitted from site D to site C interfere with the signals received by site A from site B.ABCDF1F2F1Overreach interferenceHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Methods for Suppressing InterferenceReduce the Tx level of interfering signalsSelect a proper channel and polarization modeUse angle isolation between linksSelect an antenna with a higher front-back ratio and better directivitySelect microwave equipment with the ATPC functionConfigure Tx high stations and Tx low stations correctlyHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #30Basis of Microwave Network DesignRoute DesignLink DesignReportTipsContent31Route Design Pathloss OverviewThe Pathloss software is a comprehensive path design tool based on the radio links. The Pathloss software operates at frequencies ranging from 30 MHz to 100 GHz. Currently, Pathloss 4.0 is commonly used.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Route Design Import Site DataOnly csv format site data can be imported to PathlossStep 1: Start Pathloss, Switch to Network Module (Module Network)Step 2: Import Site Data (Site Data Site List, Import Import Site Text File) Step 3: Close Site List Windows, and save the Network file (File Save)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Route Design Import Site DataTips: Choose default site legend (Defaults Site Legend) and layers (Layers) before import site data to separate site type

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Route Design Configure MapPathloss support a lot kind of maps, while the most common type for presale microwave network design is Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM).

Step 1: Download SRTM mapStep 2: Import SRTM map to Pathloss (Configure Terrain Database, Primary ESRI GRIDASCII GEO Set Primary Set Directory, Choose the directory SRTM map located in, Index File Import List, Close All Windows)Step 3: Create Background of Network (Site Data Create Background)

Tips: Use Ctrl Key to choose multiple file when import list, you can choose up to about 200 files at once

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Route Design Route DesignUse Mouse to connect linksTips: Ctrl + Drag to zoom the map, Site Zoom Background to zoom background, right click to original size

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Basis of Microwave Network DesignRoute DesignLink DesignReportTipsContent37Link Design A Microwave LinkTransmitterFilters, Combiner, etcFeederIsotropic AntennaTransmitterFilters, Combiner, etcFeederIsotropic AntennaAirTx PowerCable LossFilter, Combiner LossFeeder LossAntenna Radome LossAntenna GainRx PowerFilter, Combiner LossFeeder LossAntenna Radome LossAntenna GainFree Space LossAtmospheric Gaseous LossRain AttenuationDiffraction LossCable LossRx Power = Tx Power Total Loss + Total Antenna GainHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Filter:1+1filterFeederODURTNfeeder,NEC1006db4G5G 4~11G33db38Link Design Line of SightSea LevelTrue Earth Radius (6400 km)Fresnel ZoneHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Link Design Cross Section ViewStep 1: Click on a link Choose Terrain DataGenerate cross section view (Operations Generate Profile Generate Close)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Link Design Add StructuresDouble Click on a blank area of Structure Choose Range of Structure Select Tree Input 10 in Structure Height OKIn Bidding stage, its impossible to get accurate structure information, so we add 10 meters tree (or others, based on the real situation)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Link Design Antenna HeightsStep 1: Input frequency information (Module Summary, input approximate frequency in the Frequency textbox)Step 2:Choose Antenna Heights Module (Module Antenna Heights)Step 3: Configure antenna height automatically (Operation Optimize, or press F9)Step 4: Save antenna height (Operation Revise Antenna Height, or press F1)Tips: Pathloss will automatically use previous frequency information, so its not needed to input it if the frequency of this link if similar to previous

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Link Design Reliability AnalysisThis is the most complicated step to design a link

Step 1: Choose Worksheet Module (Module Worksheet)Step 2: Set Reliability Method (Operations Reliability Method). Choose the reliability method specified by the customer. If the customer not specified, we use ITU-R P.530-7/8 by default.HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Reliability Analysis Rain RegionClick Load Rain File OK

Tips:(1) Use the rain region map to determine the rain region;

(2) Use Google Earth to determine the location of a site;(3) ITU rain region file is located in RAIN\ITU subfolder of Pathloss Installation Folder.HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Reliability Analysis Path ProfileStep 1: Click

Step 2: Input Field margin (1 dB)Step 3: Input Average annual temperature Step 4: Configure Geography Parameters (Menu Geo Clim)

Tips: Find Probalibility dN/dh < -100Nunits/kmHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Reliability Analysis AntennaStep 1: Click Code Index

New Index Choose directory contains antenna file

Step 2: Choose antenna Both

Tips: Click Site 1 or Site 2 to choose antenna separately. The antenna for two site can be different.

Location to download RTN antenna files:\\info-server\5_EnglishDoc\04-OpticalNetwork\2-OptiX\8-RTN\RTN Pathloss Files\AntennaHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Reliability Analysis Transmission LineStep 1: Click

Step 2: Input Tx line loss and Connector lossTips: (1) 0.5 dB connector loss for most situation.(2) 0.6 dB for separately mounted antenna, 0 dB for directly mounted antenna. For XMC ODU, we use separately mounting for antenna bigger than 1.8m, and directly mounting for smaller or equal than 1.8m.HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Reliability Analysis Branching UnitClick Input loss

Tips:No branching loss for 1+0 configuration.1.7dB for 1+1 HSB by default (asymmetric combiner).3.3dB for 2+0 configuration (symmetric combiner).HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Reliability Analysis Equipment

Step 1: Click Code Index

New Index Choose directory contains antenna fileStep 2: Choose equipment BothTips: Although you can choose different equipment for both sites, choose the same for both sites always.

Location to download RTN equipment files:\\info-server\5_EnglishDoc\04-OpticalNetwork\2-OptiX\8-RTN\RTN Pathloss Files\EquipmentHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Reliability Analysis Check Result

Step 1: Check the Flat fade margin and total annual availability (Annual multipath + rain (%-sec).Step 2: Adjust the antenna size to meet the KPI requirement.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Basis of Microwave Network DesignRoute DesignLink DesignReportTipsContent51Report Link List (1)Step 1: Export link list (Switch to Network Module Site Data, Reports CSV link list microwave)Step 2: Choose items to be exported

Step 3: Click Option to choose output format if necessary OKStep 4: Click OK, the link list in output format will be shown File Save)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Report Link List (2)Now we get all the files. And we can configure device in UniSTAR CFG with Link List. Tips: Manually add .csv extension while save csv file, or the file will has no extension name.No item will be shown if you choose too many columns to output due to pathloss bug, but you can still save it to csv file and no information will be missed.Step 5: Manually processed it to add some missing information: Antenna diameter (only the antenna model is exported), link protection type (1+0, 1+1 HSB/SD/FD, XPIC, 2+0, etc).

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Report Path ProfileStep 1: Switch to Worksheets ModuleStep 2: Full Report (Print Full Report), or Short Report (Print Short Report), orStep 3: Batch Report (Print Batch Report Full Report Choose pathloss files Open)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Report Path ReportStep 1: Switch to Print Profile Module (Module Print Profile)Step 2: Print to a printer (Print Print), or Copy to clipboard (Print Copy) then paste to word document, orStep 3: Batch Print (Print Select desired pathloss files Open)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Basis of Microwave Network DesignRoute DesignLink DesignReportTipsContent56Tips: 2+0 ConfigurationQuestion: How to Configure 2+0 Link?CombinerODUODU3.3 dB

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #57Tips: XPIC Link DesignStep 1: Select Cochannel operation (Worksheets Module Operations Reliability Options Check Cochannel operation box

Step 2: Choose Dual Polarization AntennaStep 3: Choose XPIC IF board (IFX2 or ISX2)Tips: (1) The annual availability and fade margin of XPIC link will be a litter lower than non-XPIC link with the same other conditions (antenna size, modulation method, channel space, etc.)(2) There are some compatibility issues with pathloss 4 and Windows 7, which cause that it is impossible to configure XPIC link on Windows 7 with pathloss 4. Use Windows XP instead.HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #58Tips: 1+1 SD Configuration1+1 SD can greatly increase the KPI of a link.1+1 SD is commonly used when the link is long and over waterStep 1: Worksheet Module Configure Antenna Configuration TRDR-TRDR OK

Step 2: Configure the SD antenna Tips: It is difficult to determine the distance between main antenna and SD antenna. Use 10 meters by default for presale design.HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #59

Tips: Labeling a link

Step 1: Right click a link LabelStep 2: Input the label text, such as the configuration, capacity, or/and the distance of this link.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #60Adaptive ModulationCapacityTime

99.999%99.998%99.995%99.99%99.95%Low priority queue and remaining bit ratesMost for download services etc.

256QAM128QAM64QAM16QAMQPSKVoice64QAM128QAM256QAM32QAM99.9%Adaptive Modulation42Mbit/s84Mbit/s105Mbit/s133Mbit/s158Mit/s183Mit/sHigh priority queue and guaranteed bit ratesMost for voice etc.VOIPInternetAdaptive modulation enables a correct planning of the network HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #61Introduction to Enabling AMAC Planning (Pathloss Ver4.0)The methods for link planning are similar to those for AM planning. For details about planning methods, see the AM Network Planning Guide V1.3. During an interference analysis, the interference in the 250M-QPSK and 500M-QPSK modes need to be respectively calculated. Planning steps are briefly described as follows:1Determine to enable the AMAC function based on service priorities, capacities, and so on.2Select the network planning files of the 250M-QPSK Strong mode, and use the traditional method to plan links in the reference mode.3For the modes that have higher orders than the reference mode, select the network planning files of the to-be-calculated mode, and enter the corresponding AMAC_RSL parameters (replace the original sensitivity of the mode in the red circles) into the blue circle on the Pathloss page shown in the following figure to calculate the link availability.

AMAC_RSLdBmQPSK Strong_250M-76.5QPSK Strong_500M-69.3 QPSK-66.0 16QAM-59.3 32QAM-54.8 64QAM-50.8 AMAC_RSL parameters of OptiX RTN 380 V100R001C00HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Frequency Planning in PathlossSteps of Frequency Planning in Pathloss1. Start the PL4.0 program2. Access the Network module3.Open the finished route file.4.Take the link between Site 5 and Site 21 for instance. Set the CH parameters after setting the parameters for Radio and Antennas5. Click CH. The TX Channels dialog box is displayed, as shown in right

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Frequency Planning in Pathloss 6Import frequency fileclickLookupopenTX CHANNEL dialogFigure1click File select the corresponding frequency planning file from Freqplan, as shown in the Figure.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Frequency Planning in Pathloss 7. Import frequency file Open the Frequency File the data will be imported automatically show as Figure 3

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Frequency Planning in Pathloss 8Choose ChannelThe choosed channel be showed in the blue box .As Follow:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Frequency Planning in Pathloss 9Set High or Low siteAfter choose the correct channelclickSite 1 Hi will set site1 as High site,as the same,click Site 2 Hi means Site 2 is the high site.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Frequency Planning in Pathloss 10Set the way of polarizationDouble click the dialog TX Channels >Pol->VorHwill choose the polarizationAs follow 11Complete all the steps click OK will back Vmeans Vertical polarizationHmeans Horizontal polarization

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Interference Analysis in PathlossThe interference analysis procedure in Pathloss:1. Start the PL4.0 program2. Access the Network module3. Open the finished route file. 4. Choose the Interference menu5. Click Calculate Intra. The dialog box for setting interference parameters is displayed, as shown on the right:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #RTN IP KPIs

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #Page 71

Thanks!HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.Page #71