Minerals and Rocks

A Mr. Vaughn Production

Properties of Minerals

• Luster

• Streak

• Hardness

• Cleavage

Properties of Minerals

• Luster: the way a mineral shines, or reflects light

Properties of Minerals

• Streak: the color of a mineral when it is ground to a powder.

Properties of Minerals

• Hardness: the measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched.

Properties of Minerals

• Cleavage: is the tendency of a mineral to split easily along flat surfaces.

Mica cleaves, or splits, along one plane.

Ruby does not split along cleavage planes.

Calcite has three cleavage planes.

Uses of Minerals

• In glasses( titanium)

• In watches (quartz)

• In Aluminum bats (bauxite)

• In Windows (talc, quartz, calcite, and feldspar

• In Plumbing Pipes (copper)

• Any many others

Rocks vs. Minerals

• Minerals are non living solid materials that has a definite chemical makeup.

• What???

• What this means is that each mineral is made up of just one thing.

• Rocks are solid materials made up of one or more minerals.

Earth’s Layers

• 1st Layer Crust: the thinnest layer made up of rock

• 2nd Layer Mantle: a thick layer of rock between the crust and the core.

• 3rd Layer Core: a dense ball with a liquid out part and a solid inner part.

Types of Rocks

• Igneous Rocks form when melted rock from deep below Earth’s surfaces cools and hardens.

Obsidian forms when molted rock cools quickly.

Basalt makes up much of Earth’s crust beneath the oceans. Granite is

molten rock that hardens in the crust

Types of Rocks

• Sedimentary rock forms when sand, particles of rock, bits of soil, and remains of once-living things (sediments) are pressed together and harden. This only happens

when they are weathered down.

Conglomerate forms from sediments of different sizes.

Shale forms from thin layers of clay. It is smooth and breaks easily into layers.

Types of Rocks

• Metamorphic rock is rock that forms when existing rocks are changed by extreme heat and pressure.

Limestone, a sedimentary rock, changes to marble

Granite, an igneous rock, changes to gneiss.

The Rock Cycle

• The continuous series of changes that rocks undergo.

What Do You Remember?

What Do You Remember?

• The way a mineral shines is called its ____________________.

• A solid material made up of one or more minerals is ________________.

• How easily a mineral can be scratched is its _________________

• Rock that forms from cooled molten rock is called_______________

What Do You Remember

What Do You Remember

• The color of a mineral when it is ground to a powder is

• A: hardness

• B: texture

• C: streak

• D: cleavage

What Do You Remember

• Sand, bits of rock, and the reminds of once-living things are called

• A: sediment

• B: core

• C: minerals

• D: metals

What Do You Remember

• All rocks are made up of one or more

• A: metals

• B: minerals

• C: once-living things

• D: crystals

What Do You Remember

• What is not a property that can be used to help identify a mineral?

• A: luster

• B: streak

• C: hardness

• D: talc