Minorities in GermanyMinorities in Germany

Groups and Guest WorkersGroups and Guest Workers

Courtney NovotnyCourtney NovotnyE.J. PaterlineE.J. Paterline

Caitlin BradfordCaitlin Bradford

History of ImmigrationHistory of Immigration

Guest worker programGuest worker program From Mediterranean countriesFrom Mediterranean countries Many from eastern EuropeMany from eastern Europe

Ethnic Germans expelled by the Soviets Ethnic Germans expelled by the Soviets after the warafter the war

Considered citizens under the Basic LawConsidered citizens under the Basic Law Seek employment, citizenship, and Seek employment, citizenship, and

political asylumpolitical asylum

The Guest Worker The Guest Worker ProgramProgram

Invited to Germany to rebuild after Invited to Germany to rebuild after the Berlin Wall was builtthe Berlin Wall was built

East German workers lostEast German workers lost Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese, Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese,

Yugoslavs and TurksYugoslavs and Turks By 2002, two thirds of the guest By 2002, two thirds of the guest

workers had stayed in the countryworkers had stayed in the country Generations of families can be foundGenerations of families can be found

PopulationPopulation

9% of the population9% of the population Danes, Sorbs, Slavic peoples, and Danes, Sorbs, Slavic peoples, and

GypsiesGypsies

7.3 million foreigners7.3 million foreigners

Turks Turks 1,900,000 1,900,000 YugoslavsYugoslavs 565,000565,000 ItaliansItalians 350,000350,000 PolesPoles 260,000260,000 AustriansAustrians 185,000185,000

DemographicsDemographics

• Two thirds live in the northTwo thirds live in the north– Hamburg, Berlin, and the Rhine River Hamburg, Berlin, and the Rhine River

areaarea

• Live in urban areasLive in urban areas• Few live in the former GDRFew live in the former GDR

– Few job opportunitiesFew job opportunities– Those who live there are mainly from Those who live there are mainly from

the former Soviet bloc countriesthe former Soviet bloc countries

TurksTurks

History of ImmigrationHistory of Immigration

• Came as guest workers– Rebuilt Germany after World War II– Temporary immigrants

• Families came later• Replaced East German workers after

the Wall was built• Now over 2 million in Germany

IntegrationIntegration

At first, no integrationAt first, no integration– Planned to leavePlanned to leave

Content with their new livesContent with their new lives Identify themselves as Turkish-Identify themselves as Turkish-

Germans, not TurksGermans, not Turks Turkish Community in GermanyTurkish Community in Germany

– Defends the rights and views of Turkish Defends the rights and views of Turkish immigrantsimmigrants

Afro-Afro-GermansGermans

A Little Bit of HistoryA Little Bit of History Africans were thought to be lowest human Africans were thought to be lowest human

formform No one knows exact time when first Afro-No one knows exact time when first Afro-

Germans were bornGermans were born– Date back to the end of WWI as a distinct Date back to the end of WWI as a distinct

population population 1919thth century - Germany and Africa involved century - Germany and Africa involved

in tradein trade Blacks brought from Africa to show what Blacks brought from Africa to show what

blacks looked like and to prove Germans blacks looked like and to prove Germans had really been to Africa. had really been to Africa. – Eventually to be slavesEventually to be slaves

During Middle Ages During Middle Ages Africans were portrayed Africans were portrayed as evilas evil

With the rise of National With the rise of National Socialism many Afro-Socialism many Afro-Germans were sterilizedGermans were sterilized

During third Reich Afro-During third Reich Afro-Germans/Africans Germans/Africans couldn’t get or keep couldn’t get or keep jobsjobs

Citizenship and Citizenship and passports were taken passports were taken away away

Two Generations of Afro-Germans at Die Weisse Rose.

Loss of IdentityLoss of IdentityRaised as Germans but not Raised as Germans but not

treated as Germanstreated as GermansGermans have their sense of Germans have their sense of

nationality from Aryan purity - nationality from Aryan purity - Afro-Germans left outAfro-Germans left out

Ostracized by Germans - Ostracized by Germans - “mulatto,” “moor,” and “mulatto,” “moor,” and “Negro”“Negro”

Afro-Germans TodayAfro-Germans Today 500,000 Afro-500,000 Afro-

Germans make up Germans make up the 80 million total the 80 million total population in population in Germany todayGermany today

Many of the Afro-Many of the Afro-Germans today are Germans today are of American G.I. of American G.I. heritageheritage

Works CitedWorks Cited““Ethnic Minorities.” Ethnic Minorities.” Federal Foreign Office.Federal Foreign Office. 2000. 30 Nov. 2004 2000. 30 Nov. 2004

<http://www.tatsachen-ueber-deutschland.de/805.0.html>.<http://www.tatsachen-ueber-deutschland.de/805.0.html>.““Ethnic Minorities.” Ethnic Minorities.” U.S. Library of CongressU.S. Library of Congress. 2003. 30 Nov. 2004 . 2003. 30 Nov. 2004

<http://countrystudies.us/germany/>.<http://countrystudies.us/germany/>.““German ‘Guest Workers’ Offer Lesson in Immigration Policy.” German ‘Guest Workers’ Offer Lesson in Immigration Policy.” Germany OnlineGermany Online. 16 . 16

Jan. 2004. 29 Nov. 2004 <http://www.germany-info.org/relaunch/info/ Jan. 2004. 29 Nov. 2004 <http://www.germany-info.org/relaunch/info/ publications/week/2004/040116/politics3.html>.publications/week/2004/040116/politics3.html>.

Loick, Antonia. “Turks in Germany – A Special Group Within German Society.” Loick, Antonia. “Turks in Germany – A Special Group Within German Society.” Goethe-InstitutGoethe-Institut. 2004. 29 Nov. 2004 <http://www.goethe.de/ . 2004. 29 Nov. 2004 <http://www.goethe.de/ kug/ges/rch/thm/en38648.htm>.kug/ges/rch/thm/en38648.htm>.

Mazón, Patricia, and Reinhild Steingröver. “Not So Plain as Black and White: Mazón, Patricia, and Reinhild Steingröver. “Not So Plain as Black and White: Afro-German Culture and History, 1890-2000.” Afro-German Culture and History, 1890-2000.” The University of Rochester The University of Rochester PressPress. 29 Nov. 2004 . 29 Nov. 2004 <<http://www.urpress.com/ 80461832.HTM.>.http://www.urpress.com/ 80461832.HTM.>.

““Minorities in Germany.” Minorities in Germany.” German InfoGerman Info. 2004. 30 Nov. 2004 <http://www.germany-. 2004. 30 Nov. 2004 <http://www.germany-info.org/relaunch/info/facts/facts/ info.org/relaunch/info/facts/facts/ questions_en/landandpeople/population7.html>.questions_en/landandpeople/population7.html>.

Opitz, May, Katharina Oguntoye, and Dagmar Schultz, ed. Opitz, May, Katharina Oguntoye, and Dagmar Schultz, ed. Showing Our Colors: Showing Our Colors: Afro-German Women Speak Out.Afro-German Women Speak Out. Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press,1986.Press,1986.

““Turkish Community in Germany.” Turkish Community in Germany.” Türkische Gemeinde in DeutschlandTürkische Gemeinde in Deutschland. 17 Jan. . 17 Jan. 2003. 29 Nov. 2004 <http://www.tgd.de/tgd/index.php?newlang=eng>. 2003. 29 Nov. 2004 <http://www.tgd.de/tgd/index.php?newlang=eng>.

Works CitedWorks Cited““Ethnic Minorities.” Ethnic Minorities.” Federal Foreign Office.Federal Foreign Office. 2000. 30 Nov. 2004 2000. 30 Nov. 2004

<http://www.tatsachen-ueber-deutschland.de/805.0.html>.<http://www.tatsachen-ueber-deutschland.de/805.0.html>.““Ethnic Minorities.” Ethnic Minorities.” U.S. Library of CongressU.S. Library of Congress. 2003. 30 Nov. 2004 . 2003. 30 Nov. 2004

<http://countrystudies.us/germany/>.<http://countrystudies.us/germany/>.““German ‘Guest Workers’ Offer Lesson in Immigration Policy.” German ‘Guest Workers’ Offer Lesson in Immigration Policy.” Germany OnlineGermany Online. 16 . 16

Jan. 2004. 29 Nov. 2004 <http://www.germany-info.org/relaunch/info/ Jan. 2004. 29 Nov. 2004 <http://www.germany-info.org/relaunch/info/ publications/week/2004/040116/politics3.html>.publications/week/2004/040116/politics3.html>.

Loick, Antonia. “Turks in Germany – A Special Group Within German Society.” Loick, Antonia. “Turks in Germany – A Special Group Within German Society.” Goethe-InstitutGoethe-Institut. 2004. 29 Nov. 2004 <http://www.goethe.de/ . 2004. 29 Nov. 2004 <http://www.goethe.de/ kug/ges/rch/thm/en38648.htm>.kug/ges/rch/thm/en38648.htm>.

Mazón, Patricia, and Reinhild Steingröver. “Not So Plain as Black and White: Mazón, Patricia, and Reinhild Steingröver. “Not So Plain as Black and White: Afro-German Culture and History, 1890-2000.” Afro-German Culture and History, 1890-2000.” The University of Rochester The University of Rochester PressPress. 29 Nov. 2004 . 29 Nov. 2004 <<http://www.urpress.com/ 80461832.HTM.>.http://www.urpress.com/ 80461832.HTM.>.

““Minorities in Germany.” Minorities in Germany.” German InfoGerman Info. 2004. 30 Nov. 2004 <http://www.germany-. 2004. 30 Nov. 2004 <http://www.germany-info.org/relaunch/info/facts/facts/ info.org/relaunch/info/facts/facts/ questions_en/landandpeople/population7.html>.questions_en/landandpeople/population7.html>.

Opitz, May, Katharina Oguntoye, and Dagmar Schultz, ed. Opitz, May, Katharina Oguntoye, and Dagmar Schultz, ed. Showing Our Colors: Showing Our Colors: Afro-German Women Speak Out.Afro-German Women Speak Out. Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press,1986.Press,1986.

““Turkish Community in Germany.” Turkish Community in Germany.” Türkische Gemeinde in DeutschlandTürkische Gemeinde in Deutschland. 17 Jan. . 17 Jan. 2003. 29 Nov. 2004 <http://www.tgd.de/tgd/index.php?newlang=eng>. 2003. 29 Nov. 2004 <http://www.tgd.de/tgd/index.php?newlang=eng>.