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Evolution of services in 3GNetwork

Lecture Notes

DEA MISI 1March 04

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Access Network

Core Net

Service

UE UE

WirelessInterface

Wired

Interface

Functional Organisation of a telecommunication network

UNI UNI

NNI

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User PlaneControl Plane

Management Plane

Three planes Architecture

Lower Layers

Higher Layers

Layers Management

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Services available over a satellite

network FSS : fixed satellite service

Direct-To-Home (DTH)

VSAT

BSS : Broadcast Satellite Service

Digital Video Broadcast (DVB)

Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB)

Digital Data Broadcast (DirecPC)

LMSS: Land Mobile Satellite Service

MMSS : Maritime Mobile Satellite Service

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Services and TeleservicesServices in telecommunication network

bearer services : describe the technical characteristics

provided by the network (rate, error probability, transmission

mode ...) to a communication required by a network user

Teleservices : describe the higher and the lower layers

(bearer services) provided by the network to the userapplications (telephony, message transmission, fax, WEB

services, )

Supplementary services : may be bearer services or

teleservices (call identification, call transfer, free phone,

CCC, ...

These are provided by the network to the user in order to transport the user

applications within the framework of a Service Level Agreement SLA

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Service Attributes

Low layers attributes : Information Transfer Attributes, Access

Attributes High layers attributes : Type of User Information, Higher LayerProtocol Functions

General attributes : Supplementary services provided, QOS,Interworking possibilities, Operational and commercial

These attributes define the scope of the service from the point of

view of the user and are exchanged at the UNI level with Signalling

Protocols.

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Example of Services (2.5 G)

Digital phone

Urgent Call Short Message Service : This service needs the

presence of a Short Message Service Center SMSC anda reliable communication between the terminal and the

SMSC. The message length is limited to 160 characters

in the point to point (reliable) mode and to 93 characters

in broadcast (transparent) mode.

Data Services (GPRS)

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Intelligent Network Approach

Flexibility in the design, test and update of

new services Rapid service creation and deployment

Service creation by the end users Possibility of maintaining within the

network an IN and non-IN technologieswithin a context of multivendor operations

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Universal Personal Telephony UPT

UPT is an IN service to be provided by the UniversalMobileTelephony System UMTS

Network and terminal independent user identificationbased on UPT number UPTN

Personal mobility support

Universal access procedures across multiple networks Personal charging and billing based on UPT number

Personal user control and flexibility based on UPT

service profile Security, privacy and protection from fraudulant use

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UPT Service Control Procedures

Personal mobility procedures

UPT call handling procedures UPT service profile management

Supplementary services procedures Exceptional procedures

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3G Deployment Scheme

UMTS

Satellite

Global

Suburban Urban

In- Building

Pico-Cell

Micro-Cell

Macro-Cell

Home-Cell

Roaming UMTS/GSM

FDD/TDD FDD/TDD TDDFDD

Target for UMTS

initial development :high density and

business areas

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2.5G/3G deployment (R.99)

BSS

BSC

RNS

RNC

CN

Node B Node B

A IuPS

Iur

Iubis

USIM

ME

MS

Cu

Uu

MSCSGSN

Gs

GGSNGMSC

GnHLR

Gr

GcC

D

E

AuCH

EIR

F Gf

GiPSTN

IuCSGb

VLR

B

Gp

VLRG

BTSBTS

Um

RNC

Abis

SIM

SIM-ME i/f or

MSC

B

PSTNPSTN

cell

Q Of S QOS G

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Quality Of Service QOS General

Principles The QOS is associated with transfer classes : ATM

ATCs, MAC MTCs, DiffServ service classes ,

The QOS may be found within several layers of theprotocols stack (between the MAC and the applicationlayers) up to the user level (subjective QOS),

The QOS is defined by a set of performance parameters, the most important parameters

are the user call blocking probability, the packet delay(distribution, mean, variance, jitter), the PDU error probability,

the PDU rate (peak, sustainable, minimum). These QOSparameters should be measurable and enforceable.

A traffic contract between the user and the service provider(SLA)

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The radio interface (mobile network

case) The radio channel is a rare resource.

Given the available bandwidth, a large number ofuser may want to access concurrently the radiochannel.

The MAC layer handles the access to the radiochannel by the users.

The radio resource allocation is handled by the layer

3 of the control plane. This allocation is not specifiedby the standards.

In order to ensure an efficient access scheme,

(proprietary) scheduling mechanisms are requiredwithin a multi-service network (2.5G, 3G)

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General Packet Radio Service

GPRS

Packet switching service without usingthe circuit switching network resources

Point to point data service

Point to multi-point

Connection oriented or connectionless

data service

Terminals: data, video (H263, MPEG4)

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GPRS services

Conversational (mobile office) : Telnet Retrieval (mobile office) : WWW, FTP

Messaging (mobile office) : Email Conferencing (mobile office) : Video

Tele-action (telematics) : E-commerce Distribution (Road Traffic and Transport

Informatics RTTI) : Road guidance

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SGSN/GGSN

Routeing

info

Intranet

HLR

SGSN

External Data DomainMobililty Management

Session Management- QoS

- Security

- Attach/Detach

SGSN Internet

Servers

ClientGGSN

MAP

Signalling

MAP

Signalling(GGSN)

(SGSN)

- Routing

- Signalling- Resource Mgt.

Client

BSS

PCU

BSS

PCU

BSS

PCU

BSSPCU

BSS

PCU

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GPRS : Layered Architecture

Relay

Network

Service

GTP

Application

IP / X.25

SNDCP

LLC

RLC

MAC

GSM RF

SNDCP

LLC

BSSGP

L1bis

RLC

MAC

GSM RF

BSSGP

L1bis

Relay

L2

L1

IP

L2

L1

IP

GTP

IP / X.25

Um Gb Gn GiMS BSS SGSN GGSN

Network

Service

UDP /

TCP

UDP /

TCP

User Plane

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GPRS QoS Attribute (1)Mean Delay

(128 octets)

95 % (128

octets)

Mean Delay

(1024 octets)

95 % (1024

octets)

Class 1

(predictive)

0.5 s 1.5 s 2 s 7 s

Class 2

(predictive)

5 s 25 s 15 s 75 s

Class 3

(predictive)

50 s 250 s 75 s 375 s

Class 4 (best

effort)

ot s ecified Not s ecified ot s ecified ot s ecified

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Charging Charging methods similar to those used

in the existing PDN

Subscription fees paid regularly for a

fixed period Traffic fees paid as a function of

the data volume type of service request

QoS

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QOS Generic Mechanisms

Admission Control (CAC)

User Parameters Control (shaping,policing) & Measurements (metering)

Traffic classification Service differentiation and scheduling

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UMTS QOS Architecture

TE MT UTRAN CN Iu

EDGE

NODE

CN

Gateway

TE

UMTS

End-to-End Service

TE/MT Local

Bearer Service

UMTS Bearer Service External Bearer

Service

UMTS Bearer Service

Radio Access Bearer Service CN BearerService

Backbone

Bearer Service

Iu Bearer

Service

Radio Bearer

Service

UTRA

FDD/TDD

Service

Physical

Bearer Service

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UMTS QOS Classes

4 classes

Conversational class : Real Time, Low delay andjitter ex : VoIP, Video conferencing

Streaming classStreaming class :: One way streams, Real time,

tolerant jitter ex : Video-on-demand Interactive class : Request-response pattern,

preserve payload content, ex : Web browsing, server

access, data base retrieval Background class : Preserve payload content, ex :

E-mails, MMS/SMS

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The user plane protocols architecture

PHY PHY

ATM

DchFP

ATM

DchFP

IubUE NodeB CRNC/SRNCUu

MAC-d

DCCH DTCH

MAC-d

PHY

AAL2 AAL2

DTCH DCCH

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Rseau de

transport

RNC

Node B

RLC

MAC

FP

ATM

AAL2

RLC

MAC

FP

ATM

AAL2

ATM

AAL2

AAL2/ATM

Last mile link

Interface Iub

Terminal mobile

Canaux radio

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Transport channels Transport channels are classified into

two groups : Common transport channels : RACH, FACH, DSCH,

SCH, these are shared among several users. Dedicated transport channels : DCH, dedicated to one

user at a call by call basis.

Transport channels will be transportedover the AAL2 network

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AAL2 structureSAP

SAP

Common Part Sublayer

SAPSAP

Service Specific

Assured Data Transfer

CPS

AAL

SSSAR

SSTED

SS

ADT

Service SpecificTransmission Error Detection

Service SpecificSegmentation and Reassembly

SEG-SSCS

Primitives

Primitives

Primitives

SSADTSSSARSSTED

Service Specific Assured Data TransferService Specific Segmentation and ReassemblyService Specific Transmission Error Detection

AALCPSSAPSEG-SSCS

ATM Adaptation LayerCommon PartSublayer (I.363.2)Service Access Point

Segmentation and Reassembly Service Specific Convergence Sublayer (I.366.1)

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AAL2 organisation Structure of the segmentation SSCS

SS-SAR : simple function of segmentation of messageswhich may have a length up to 65536 octets into a blocks of45 octets, the last massage block may have a length lessthan 45 octets. The re-assembly process is the symmetrical

one. SS-TED : errors detection (Transmission Error Detection) :

bit errors, lost cells (similar functions with the ones availablewithin the AAL5 CPCS)

SS-ADT : errors correction (Assured Data Transfer)

Well adapted for transportation of real time low bitrate (short packet) traffic

Differences with AAL5 : no bit stuffing

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Minicell

L ICID UUI HEC CPS-INFO

ointer on

ext minicell

Payload par1 Payload par2... .2

Minicell header

Stuffing b

5 oct. 5 oct.

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Minicell

L ICID UUI HEC CPS-INFO

ointer on

ext minicell

Payload par1 Payload par2... .2

Minicell header

Stuffing b

5 oct. 5 oct.

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Differentiation of Services RRC/RLC/MAC protocols stack : the

MAC layer scheduler does not alter the statistic of the

real time (voice) traffic and smoothes the non real

time (data) traffic

AAL2 Network : There is only one SAP (ServiceAccess Point) at the SSSAR sublayer, so the

services differentiation is done at the connection setup time using the AAL2 signalling protocol

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QOS within the access network(Release 99 case)

Main issues is the definition of the QOSat the AAL2 level able to express the application needs

use the ATM QOS Present situation :

ATC CBR of the ATM is assumed to beused

Voice and data are multiplexed within the

same VC or on two separate VCs

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QOS within UTRAN (R99) Multiplexing of AAL2 connections over ATM

VC Needs of scheduling mechanisms able to

satisfy real time constrains

CAC for radio and AAL2 network resources atthe call set up and the HO levels

Dynamic bandwidth allocation and statisticalmultiplexing of flows at the ATM level

Needs for tractable traffic models at the call

and the activity levels

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Interface Iub

NODEBRNC

IP

L2

phy

IP

PPP mux

ML-MC

HDLC/phy

IP

phy

IP

MPLS/ATM

phy

IP

MPLS /ATM

phy

IP

L2

phy

RLC

MAC

FP

PPP/AAL2

/ATM

- Les flux transports dansle rseau de transport ne

sont pas multiplexes.- Plusieurs Classes deservice peuvent tre

supportes

Qualit de service point point

QoS2

QoS1

Phy

UDP UDP

Rseau de transport

- Le multiplexage est ralis sur leLast Mile Link

- La diffrenciation des services peuttre ralise sur le Last Mile Link

Edge Router

Last Mile Link

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Sources models Importance of the time scale : call, transaction

request/response, micro-flot, packet Important for simulation purpose

Some standard models : Poisson, ON/OFF,MMPP

Recent model : Fractal processes (auto-

similar) rather suitable for traffic aggregationmodeling within large scale networks like theInternet or a wide area packet switching

networks (very difficult mathematicaltractability)

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Sources models (cont.) Point Processes over the plane : allow to model a

non homogeneous traffic distribution over the space(satellites constellation, ad hoc network)

Communication distribution duration (exponential)

Packet length distribution (Pareto)

Packet interarrival time distribution (exponential, log-

normal)

Sojourn time distribution within a cell (exponential)

Radio channel holding time (exponential taking into

account the above assumptions)

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Traffic aggregation

The superposition of Poisson processes isPoisson

The superposition ON/OFF processes is afinite state birth and death process where thenumber of states is equal to the number of

superposed processes The superposition of MMPP processes is

MMPP (numerical difficulties)

Important for simulation purpose

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Parameters identificationPoisson : intensity parameter

ON/OFF : ON and OFF periods parameters

MMPP : number of phases, sejourn time

within a phase

3GPP T ffi d l

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3GPP Traffic sources models

Voice Modeloice Model

20 ms

. .

20 ms

OFF (expo)ON (expo)

Web Modeleb Model

.. . ..

Packet-call Reading-time

Packet-size ~ Pareto with cut-off

S i t di d ithi th AAL2

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Scenario studied within the AAL2

network

real time VC

voice

non real time VC

data

common VC

voice

data

scenario (a) scenario (b)

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Timer CU Study

0

0,4

0,8

1,2

1,6

2

2,4

2,8

3,2

3,6

10 30 50 70 90 110 130 number of voice streams

95percentiledelay(m

s) Timer-CU = 0

Timer-CU = 100usTimer-CU = 200us

Timer-CU = 1ms

Timer-CU = 3ms

Timer-CU = inf

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

10 30 50 70 90 110 130

number of voice s treams

StdDevofdelay(m

s) Timer-CU = 0

Timer-CU = 100usTimer-CU = 200us

Timer-CU = 1ms

Timer-CU = 3ms

Timer-CU = inf

60

65

70

75

80

8590

95

100

105

10 30 50 70 90 110 130 number of voice streams

fillingratio(%)

Timer-CU = 0Timer-CU = 100us

Timer-CU = 200us

Timer-CU = 1ms

Timer-CU = 3ms

Timer-CU = inf

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Timer CU Study (cont.)voice 20%

UDD64 80%

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 2 5 10 100

Timer-CU [T]

95percentileda

ta

delay(ms) PCR = 500KbpsPCR = 1Mbps

PCR = 2MbpsPCR = 6Mbps

voice 20%

UDD64 80%

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 2 5 10 100 Timer-CU [T]

95percentilevoice

delay(ms)

PCR = 500KbpsPCR = 1MbpsPCR = 2MbpsPCR = 6Mbps

voice 20%

UDD64 80%

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 2 5 10 100 Timer-CU [T]

fillingratio(%

)

PCR = 500KbpsPCR = 1MbpsPCR = 2MbpsPCR = 6Mbps

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Timer CU Studyvoice 80%

UDD64 20%

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1 2 5 10 100 Timer-CU [T]

95percentilevoic

edelay

(ms)

PCR = 500Kbps

PCR = 1MbpsPCR = 2MbpsPCR = 6Mbps

voice 80%

UDD64 20%

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

1 2 5 10 100 Timer-CU [T]

95percentiledatadelay

(ms)

PCR = 500Kbps

PCR = 1MbpsPCR = 2MbpsPCR = 6Mbps

voice 80%

UDD64 20%

50

55

60

65

70

75

8085

90

95

100

1 2 5 10 100 Timer-CU [T]

fillingratio(%

)PCR = 500KbpsPCR = 1MbpsPCR = 2MbpsPCR = 6Mbps

Timer CU Study

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Timer CU Study

(conclusions) The filling ratio depends on the Timer-CU value which depends

on the T period of the PCR. Even under heavy load conditions,the Timer-CU does have a (small) influence on the filling ratio,

however, under these conditions the Timer-CU does not have

any impact on the delay.

Under light load condition, the delay depends on the Timer-CUvalue but does not depend of the PCR.

The value of the Timer-CU chosen within the context of a mono-

service VC is still appropriate for the multiservice VC under thesame load conditions.

A value of the Timer-CU between 1ms and 2ms may be

considered as quasi- optimal .

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Study of the statistical multiplexing

Timer-CU = 1ms

0

5

10

15

20

25

3035

40

45

50

55

60

1

8

2

0

2

2

2

4

2

6

2

8

3

0

3

2

3

4

3

6

5

0

5

2

5

4

5

6

5

8

6

0

6

2

6

4

6

6

6

8

7

0

7

2

7

4

7

6

11

8

12

2

12

6

13

0

13

4

13

8

14

2

14

6

15

0

15

4

15

8

number of voice streams

99,9percentiledelay(ms) PCR=500Kbps

PCR=1MbpsPCR=2Mbps

Timer-CU = 1ms

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

number of voice streams

VCload(%)

PCR=500KbpsPCR=1Mbps

PCR=2Mbps

Study of the scheduling mechanisms

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(1)Probability distribution for voice

Voice + UDD64Kbps

20% voice, 80% data

VC load = 65%

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

0,0

1

0,1

3

0,2

5

0,3

7

0,4

9

0,6

1

0,7

3

0,8

5

0,9

7

1,0

9

1,2

1

1,3

3

1,4

5

1,5

7

1,6

9

1,8

1

1,9

3

delay(ms)

proba

bility

EDF(2ms voice,20ms data)EDF(2ms voice,50ms data)EDF(5ms voice,100ms data)FIFOPRIORITYWRR(4/5 voice,1/5 data)WRR(1/2 voice,1/2 data)WRR(1/5 voice,4/5 data)

Probability distribution for data

Voice + UDD64Kbps

20% voice, 80% data

VC load = 65%

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

0,1

0,7

1,3

1,9

2,5

3,1

3,7

4,3

4,9

5,5

6,1

6,7

7,3

7,9

8,5

9,1

9,7

probability


Study of the scheduling mechanisms(2)

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(2)

Probability distribution for voice

Voice + UDD64Kbps

50% voice, 50% data

VC load = 60%

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

0,0

10,3

0,5

9

0,8

8

1,1

7

1,4

6

1,7

5

2,0

4

2,3

3

2,6

2

2,9

13,2

3,4

9

3,7

8

4,0

7

4,3

6

4,6

5

4,9

4

delay(ms)

prob

ability


Probability distribution for data

Voice + UDD64Kbps

50% voice, 50% data

VC load = 60%

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

0,1

0,7

1,3

1,9

2,5

3,1

3,7

4,3

4,9

5,5

6,1

6,7

7,3

7,9

8,5

9,1

9,7

delay(ms)

probability

EDF(2ms voice,20ms data)EDF(2ms voice,50ms data)EDF(5ms voice,100ms data)FIFOPRIORITY

WRR(4/5 voice,1/5 data)WRR(1/2 voice,1/2 data)WRR(1/5 voice,4/5 data)

Study of the scheduling mechanisms(3)

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(3)

Probability distribution for voice

Voice + UDD64Kbps

80% voice, 20% data

VC load = 60%

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

0,0

1

0,1

3

0,2

5

0,3

7

0,4

9

0,6

1

0,7

3

0,8

5

0,9

7

1,0

9

1,2

1

1,3

3

1,4

5

1,5

7

1,6

9

1,8

1

1,9

3

delay(ms)

probability


Probability distribution for dataVoice + UDD64Kbps

80% voice, 20% data

VC load = 60%

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

0,1

0,7

1,3

1,9

2,5

3,1

3,7

4,3

4,9

5,5

6,1

6,7

7,3

7,9

8,5

9,1

9,7

delay(ms)

p

robability


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Study of the scheduling mechanisms

The probability distribution is defined as

Prob{delay > t}

Priority scheduling policy is the best one

for voice but the worst one for data

FIFO gives the opposite results (the

best for data and the worst for voice) EDF and WRR appear to be a

compromise

QOS View

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QOS View

IP layer :

DiffServ : EF, AF, BE Scheduling : Priority, WFQ

Traffic conditioning & queue management

SLA

DiffServ mechanisms

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DiffServ mechanisms

Four mechanisms are implemented within the ingress nodes :

Traffic classification :

Flow selection based on the DSCP (Behaviour Aggregate,BA)

Selection based on one or header fields : source ordestination address, DS fields, protocol identifier, source ordestination port number, etc. (Multi-Field, MF)

Traffic conditioning :

4 components : meter, marker, shaper, dropper

Traffic scheduling

Traffic forwarding

DiffServ Classification and conditioning

( i i )

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(generic view)

Classifier Marker Meter

Shaper

Dropper

in

outout

out

Per Hop Behaviour PHB

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Per Hop Behaviour PHB

Expedited forwarding (EF) Also called premium service

Code point 101110

Minimum rate guaranteed Requires a low transit delay and a low delay jitter

Should be used with interactive real time flows

The traffic shaper will drop packets which are not in conformance

with the SLA Requires resources allocation

Assured Forwarding (AF) 4 classes with 3 priority levels (packets loss)

Low loss probability May use shaper, in this case packets which are not in conformanceof the SLA are marked (dropped in case of congestion)

Best Effort (BE)

QOS elements in DiffServ

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QOS elements in DiffServ

Committed Access Rate CAR

Generic traffic Shaping GTS Weighted Fair Queuing WFQ scheduling

mechanism Weighted Random Early detection

(WRED) queue management

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Ordonnancement

Priorit de EF sur AF

AF

EF

AF1

AF2

OrdonnancementWFQ

QOS elements within MPLS

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Q

Peak Data Rate (PDR),

Peak Burst Size (PBS), Committed Data Rate (CDR),

Committed Burst Size (CBS), Excess Burst Size (EBS).

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DiffServ MPLS Mechanisms

1) Identifie le BA du paquet entrant par le biais du DSCP.

2) Dterminer le LSP/label reprsentant le FEC et le BA correspondants.3) Marquer le champ Exp pour reflter le BA du paquet.

Mobile IP in 2.5G/3G

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UMTS Rel 5 Architecture

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Iu-CS

UTRANR

TE MT

MS/UE

CS domain

PST/Legacy/E

Netwo

MSC

Iu-PS

PS domain

Gn

SGSN GGSN

MultiNetw

CSCF

IM Subsystem

Gm

UuGMSC

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Interface Iub

NODEBRNC

IP

PPPmuxML/MC

L2TP

IP

L2

L1

IP

PPPmuxML/MC

L2TP

IP

PPP

HDLC/

phy

IP

PPP

HDLC/

phy

IP

MPLS

phy

IP

MPLS

phy

IP

L2

L1

1 QoS

Une seule Classe deservice pour les fluxtransports entre leNode B et le RNC

RLC

MAC

FP

Multiplexage de bout en bout

UDP UDP

Rseau de transport

Tunnel

Qualit de service de bout en bout

Last Mile

Edge Router

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Interface Iub

NODEBRNC

IP

L2

phy

IP

PPP muxML-MC

HDLC/phy

IP

phy

IP

MPLS/ATM

phy

IP

MPLS/ATM

phy

IP

L2

phy

RLC

MAC

FP

PPP/AAL2/ATM

- Les flux transports dansle rseau de transport nesont pas multiplexes.- Plusieurs Classes deservice peuvent tre

supportes

Qualit de service point point

QoS2

QoS1

Phy

UDP UDP

Rseau de transport

- Le multiplexage est ralis sur leLast Mile Link

- La diffrenciation des services peuttre ralise sur le Last Mile Link

Edge Router

Last Mile Link

UMTS core network in Rel 5

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UMTS Rel 5 defines a new Core Network architecturedivided into three domains :

PS domain : is the evolution of GPRS packetdomain, it offers bearers for IP based applications.

CS domain : is the evolution of GSM NSS, it offers

bearers for circuit services. From Rel 4, 3 GPP group has introduced to the CS domain the

NGN (Next Generation Network) concept which allows to separatecontrol part from the transport part

IP Multimedia Subsystem : this domain is theinnovative part of UMTS Rel5. It is expected to supportIP multimedia applications between two end users.

IN / GSM Convergence

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The initial GSM architecture does not follow the IN model.

The enhancement of this architecture toward the IN model is done with

CAMEL (Customized Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic).

This defines A protocol : CAMEL Application Part CAP between the MSC and the

SCP

A new function gsmSSF within the MSC

Originating CAMEL Subscriber Information which identifies thesubscriber and the address of the SCP the MSC has to contact

CAP Message Set (reduced)

CAP-BCSM defined

Trends

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Trend 1 ( All IP UMTS network)

Packet-switched circuit switched

Multimedia support in core network Trend 2 (Open Service Architecture,OSA)

Provide third party service provider access to their UMTS service

architecture The concept of service portability was called VHE in 3GPP

standardization

VHE philosophy:

Make it possible for third party service providers to develop UMTS

applications

VHE(service capabilities)

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Three fundamental architecture improvements from

GSM

Wideband access: high bit rate Mobile-fixed-Internet convergence

Cross domain service

e.g. Tracking a users location

Automatically adapting the content of his incoming messages to

SMS, voice message, fax or e-mail.

VHE is the enabler of this service portability across networks and

terminals in the different domains. Flexible service architecture


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VHE

A system concept for personalized service portability across

network boundaries and between terminals. virtual at home Allows a user to personalize the set of services across different

types of networks- mobile, PSTN, Internet and terminals-mobile,

laptop, fixed phone, PDA,PC

e.g. from 9h00 to 17h00 I want to receive incoming messagesfrom my office

Layered architecture, see figure.1

Network layer Service layer

Allow faster, easier and more flexible creation, deployment, and

operation of new personalized applications/services


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VHE (continued) Open interface OSA

Object oriented Application Programming Interface (API)

SCSs (Service Capability Servers)

defined as all those servers in the network that provide functionalityused to construct services.

Group into software interface classes. SCFs (Service Capability Features)

The classes of the OSA interface

e.g. call control, location.positioning and notification.

Secure Service layer access to the SCFs of all the SCSs in the network

layer

Additional authentication, authorization, accounting and

management

VHE(Open Standardized

Interface/SCSs)

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)

The functionality represented by the SCFs is offered via

an open standardized interface, OSA interface.

GSM/UMTS protocol MAP

CAP

WAP

VHE(Open Standardized

Interface/SCSs)

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)

UMTS call control servers

Only MSC for Circuit Switch Call Control, 24.08 CC is UMTS CallControl protocol

HLR( Home Location Register) Location and subscriber information, MAP

MExE server (Mobile Execution Environment )

JVM, WAP browser, WAP and WTP (Wireless Telephony Application)

SIM Application Toolkit (SAT) server

SIM card contains certain subscriber and security related information.

Some small application (phone book, calendar..)

Pro-active command from SIM CAMEL( customized Application for Mobile Network Enhanced

Logic)

IN (prepaid service)

Invoke via trigger

VHE(Open Standardized Interface/SCSs)

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Why VoIP ?

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New features introduced in R00 Provisioning of IP-based multimedia service

Packet based network transport. Replace circuit switchedtransport

IP transport within the UTRAN

Network architecture is independent of the transport layer, based

on IP or ATM R00 support two types of real-time service

Circuit switched voice service

IP-based multimedia service

R00s MSC is split into A control part : MSC server

A transport part : Media Gateway Controller MGC

VoIP(All-IP UMTS solution)

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About IMS

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IMS : Provides UMTS packet domain with session control plane

Protocol chosen to perform call control is SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)

QOS is negotiated end-to-end at the application level via SIP protocol, thenthis QOS is translated to UMTS QOS to allocate CN bearer.

Enables UMTS customers to be reachable anytime anywhere thanks tothe SIP identifier

Note that in R99 and Rel 4 mobiles can not receive packet based calls fromend users.

Enables enhanced services in conjunction with service platform andarchitecture (OSA, CAMEL).

New services via packet domain : VoIP, videoconference, games

Path followed by IMS Signaling and

Multimedia Data

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UMTS Packet Domain

GGSNS GSN

IMS

E xternal

Network

Signalling Flow

Data Flow

UE

Fixed/Wireless Convergence

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IP Core Network

Media Access System

End User

Servicesand

Applications

ADSL

Satellite NetworkWLAN/Bluetooth

GSMGPRS/EDGE

UTRAN

Network Design Issues

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Access network and core network design

Traffic modelling Traffic engineering

Handover management Roaming management

Hierarchical cellular organisation

Policy Based Network PBN

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Architecture PEP : Policy Enforcement Point

PDP : Policy Decision Point

LDAP : Lightweight Directory Access

Protocol

Management FunctionPolicy RepositoryPolicy Server

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PDP

PEP

Node

LDAP

SNMP

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PDP

Policy Server

PEP

Node A

LPDP

PDP

PEP

PDP

Node D

Policy Server

PEP

Node B

LPDP

PEP

Node C

AD 1

AD 2

AD 3

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