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Evolution of services in 3GNetwork
Lecture Notes
DEA MISI 1March 04
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Access Network
Core Net
Service
UE UE
WirelessInterface
Wired
Interface
Functional Organisation of a telecommunication network
UNI UNI
NNI
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User PlaneControl Plane
Management Plane
Three planes Architecture
Lower Layers
Higher Layers
Layers Management
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Services available over a satellite
network FSS : fixed satellite service
Direct-To-Home (DTH)
VSAT
BSS : Broadcast Satellite Service
Digital Video Broadcast (DVB)
Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB)
Digital Data Broadcast (DirecPC)
LMSS: Land Mobile Satellite Service
MMSS : Maritime Mobile Satellite Service
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Services and TeleservicesServices in telecommunication network
bearer services : describe the technical characteristics
provided by the network (rate, error probability, transmission
mode ...) to a communication required by a network user
Teleservices : describe the higher and the lower layers
(bearer services) provided by the network to the userapplications (telephony, message transmission, fax, WEB
services, )
Supplementary services : may be bearer services or
teleservices (call identification, call transfer, free phone,
CCC, ...
These are provided by the network to the user in order to transport the user
applications within the framework of a Service Level Agreement SLA
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Service Attributes
Low layers attributes : Information Transfer Attributes, Access
Attributes High layers attributes : Type of User Information, Higher LayerProtocol Functions
General attributes : Supplementary services provided, QOS,Interworking possibilities, Operational and commercial
These attributes define the scope of the service from the point of
view of the user and are exchanged at the UNI level with Signalling
Protocols.
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Example of Services (2.5 G)
Digital phone
Urgent Call Short Message Service : This service needs the
presence of a Short Message Service Center SMSC anda reliable communication between the terminal and the
SMSC. The message length is limited to 160 characters
in the point to point (reliable) mode and to 93 characters
in broadcast (transparent) mode.
Data Services (GPRS)
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Intelligent Network Approach
Flexibility in the design, test and update of
new services Rapid service creation and deployment
Service creation by the end users Possibility of maintaining within the
network an IN and non-IN technologieswithin a context of multivendor operations
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Universal Personal Telephony UPT
UPT is an IN service to be provided by the UniversalMobileTelephony System UMTS
Network and terminal independent user identificationbased on UPT number UPTN
Personal mobility support
Universal access procedures across multiple networks Personal charging and billing based on UPT number
Personal user control and flexibility based on UPT
service profile Security, privacy and protection from fraudulant use
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UPT Service Control Procedures
Personal mobility procedures
UPT call handling procedures UPT service profile management
Supplementary services procedures Exceptional procedures
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3G Deployment Scheme
UMTS
Satellite
Global
Suburban Urban
In- Building
Pico-Cell
Micro-Cell
Macro-Cell
Home-Cell
Roaming UMTS/GSM
FDD/TDD FDD/TDD TDDFDD
Target for UMTS
initial development :high density and
business areas
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2.5G/3G deployment (R.99)
BSS
BSC
RNS
RNC
CN
Node B Node B
A IuPS
Iur
Iubis
USIM
ME
MS
Cu
Uu
MSCSGSN
Gs
GGSNGMSC
GnHLR
Gr
GcC
D
E
AuCH
EIR
F Gf
GiPSTN
IuCSGb
VLR
B
Gp
VLRG
BTSBTS
Um
RNC
Abis
SIM
SIM-ME i/f or
MSC
B
PSTNPSTN
cell
Q Of S QOS G
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Quality Of Service QOS General
Principles The QOS is associated with transfer classes : ATM
ATCs, MAC MTCs, DiffServ service classes ,
The QOS may be found within several layers of theprotocols stack (between the MAC and the applicationlayers) up to the user level (subjective QOS),
The QOS is defined by a set of performance parameters, the most important parameters
are the user call blocking probability, the packet delay(distribution, mean, variance, jitter), the PDU error probability,
the PDU rate (peak, sustainable, minimum). These QOSparameters should be measurable and enforceable.
A traffic contract between the user and the service provider(SLA)
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The radio interface (mobile network
case) The radio channel is a rare resource.
Given the available bandwidth, a large number ofuser may want to access concurrently the radiochannel.
The MAC layer handles the access to the radiochannel by the users.
The radio resource allocation is handled by the layer
3 of the control plane. This allocation is not specifiedby the standards.
In order to ensure an efficient access scheme,
(proprietary) scheduling mechanisms are requiredwithin a multi-service network (2.5G, 3G)
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General Packet Radio Service
GPRS
Packet switching service without usingthe circuit switching network resources
Point to point data service
Point to multi-point
Connection oriented or connectionless
data service
Terminals: data, video (H263, MPEG4)
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GPRS services
Conversational (mobile office) : Telnet Retrieval (mobile office) : WWW, FTP
Messaging (mobile office) : Email Conferencing (mobile office) : Video
Tele-action (telematics) : E-commerce Distribution (Road Traffic and Transport
Informatics RTTI) : Road guidance
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SGSN/GGSN
Routeing
info
Intranet
HLR
SGSN
External Data DomainMobililty Management
Session Management- QoS
- Security
- Attach/Detach
SGSN Internet
Servers
ClientGGSN
MAP
Signalling
MAP
Signalling(GGSN)
(SGSN)
- Routing
- Signalling- Resource Mgt.
Client
BSS
PCU
BSS
PCU
BSS
PCU
BSSPCU
BSS
PCU
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GPRS : Layered Architecture
Relay
Network
Service
GTP
Application
IP / X.25
SNDCP
LLC
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
SNDCP
LLC
BSSGP
L1bis
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
BSSGP
L1bis
Relay
L2
L1
IP
L2
L1
IP
GTP
IP / X.25
Um Gb Gn GiMS BSS SGSN GGSN
Network
Service
UDP /
TCP
UDP /
TCP
User Plane
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GPRS QoS Attribute (1)Mean Delay
(128 octets)
95 % (128
octets)
Mean Delay
(1024 octets)
95 % (1024
octets)
Class 1
(predictive)
0.5 s 1.5 s 2 s 7 s
Class 2
(predictive)
5 s 25 s 15 s 75 s
Class 3
(predictive)
50 s 250 s 75 s 375 s
Class 4 (best
effort)
ot s ecified Not s ecified ot s ecified ot s ecified
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Charging Charging methods similar to those used
in the existing PDN
Subscription fees paid regularly for a
fixed period Traffic fees paid as a function of
the data volume type of service request
QoS
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QOS Generic Mechanisms
Admission Control (CAC)
User Parameters Control (shaping,policing) & Measurements (metering)
Traffic classification Service differentiation and scheduling
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UMTS QOS Architecture
TE MT UTRAN CN Iu
EDGE
NODE
CN
Gateway
TE
UMTS
End-to-End Service
TE/MT Local
Bearer Service
UMTS Bearer Service External Bearer
Service
UMTS Bearer Service
Radio Access Bearer Service CN BearerService
Backbone
Bearer Service
Iu Bearer
Service
Radio Bearer
Service
UTRA
FDD/TDD
Service
Physical
Bearer Service
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UMTS QOS Classes
4 classes
Conversational class : Real Time, Low delay andjitter ex : VoIP, Video conferencing
Streaming classStreaming class :: One way streams, Real time,
tolerant jitter ex : Video-on-demand Interactive class : Request-response pattern,
preserve payload content, ex : Web browsing, server
access, data base retrieval Background class : Preserve payload content, ex :
E-mails, MMS/SMS
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The user plane protocols architecture
PHY PHY
ATM
DchFP
ATM
DchFP
IubUE NodeB CRNC/SRNCUu
MAC-d
DCCH DTCH
MAC-d
PHY
AAL2 AAL2
DTCH DCCH
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Rseau de
transport
RNC
Node B
RLC
MAC
FP
ATM
AAL2
RLC
MAC
FP
ATM
AAL2
ATM
AAL2
AAL2/ATM
Last mile link
Interface Iub
Terminal mobile
Canaux radio
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Transport channels Transport channels are classified into
two groups : Common transport channels : RACH, FACH, DSCH,
SCH, these are shared among several users. Dedicated transport channels : DCH, dedicated to one
user at a call by call basis.
Transport channels will be transportedover the AAL2 network
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AAL2 structureSAP
SAP
Common Part Sublayer
SAPSAP
Service Specific
Assured Data Transfer
CPS
AAL
SSSAR
SSTED
SS
ADT
Service SpecificTransmission Error Detection
Service SpecificSegmentation and Reassembly
SEG-SSCS
Primitives
Primitives
Primitives
SSADTSSSARSSTED
Service Specific Assured Data TransferService Specific Segmentation and ReassemblyService Specific Transmission Error Detection
AALCPSSAPSEG-SSCS
ATM Adaptation LayerCommon PartSublayer (I.363.2)Service Access Point
Segmentation and Reassembly Service Specific Convergence Sublayer (I.366.1)
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AAL2 organisation Structure of the segmentation SSCS
SS-SAR : simple function of segmentation of messageswhich may have a length up to 65536 octets into a blocks of45 octets, the last massage block may have a length lessthan 45 octets. The re-assembly process is the symmetrical
one. SS-TED : errors detection (Transmission Error Detection) :
bit errors, lost cells (similar functions with the ones availablewithin the AAL5 CPCS)
SS-ADT : errors correction (Assured Data Transfer)
Well adapted for transportation of real time low bitrate (short packet) traffic
Differences with AAL5 : no bit stuffing
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Minicell
L ICID UUI HEC CPS-INFO
ointer on
ext minicell
Payload par1 Payload par2... .2
Minicell header
Stuffing b
5 oct. 5 oct.
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Minicell
L ICID UUI HEC CPS-INFO
ointer on
ext minicell
Payload par1 Payload par2... .2
Minicell header
Stuffing b
5 oct. 5 oct.
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Differentiation of Services RRC/RLC/MAC protocols stack : the
MAC layer scheduler does not alter the statistic of the
real time (voice) traffic and smoothes the non real
time (data) traffic
AAL2 Network : There is only one SAP (ServiceAccess Point) at the SSSAR sublayer, so the
services differentiation is done at the connection setup time using the AAL2 signalling protocol
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QOS within the access network(Release 99 case)
Main issues is the definition of the QOSat the AAL2 level able to express the application needs
use the ATM QOS Present situation :
ATC CBR of the ATM is assumed to beused
Voice and data are multiplexed within the
same VC or on two separate VCs
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QOS within UTRAN (R99) Multiplexing of AAL2 connections over ATM
VC Needs of scheduling mechanisms able to
satisfy real time constrains
CAC for radio and AAL2 network resources atthe call set up and the HO levels
Dynamic bandwidth allocation and statisticalmultiplexing of flows at the ATM level
Needs for tractable traffic models at the call
and the activity levels
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Interface Iub
NODEBRNC
IP
L2
phy
IP
PPP mux
ML-MC
HDLC/phy
IP
phy
IP
MPLS/ATM
phy
IP
MPLS /ATM
phy
IP
L2
phy
RLC
MAC
FP
PPP/AAL2
/ATM
- Les flux transports dansle rseau de transport ne
sont pas multiplexes.- Plusieurs Classes deservice peuvent tre
supportes
Qualit de service point point
QoS2
QoS1
Phy
UDP UDP
Rseau de transport
- Le multiplexage est ralis sur leLast Mile Link
- La diffrenciation des services peuttre ralise sur le Last Mile Link
Edge Router
Last Mile Link
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Sources models Importance of the time scale : call, transaction
request/response, micro-flot, packet Important for simulation purpose
Some standard models : Poisson, ON/OFF,MMPP
Recent model : Fractal processes (auto-
similar) rather suitable for traffic aggregationmodeling within large scale networks like theInternet or a wide area packet switching
networks (very difficult mathematicaltractability)
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Sources models (cont.) Point Processes over the plane : allow to model a
non homogeneous traffic distribution over the space(satellites constellation, ad hoc network)
Communication distribution duration (exponential)
Packet length distribution (Pareto)
Packet interarrival time distribution (exponential, log-
normal)
Sojourn time distribution within a cell (exponential)
Radio channel holding time (exponential taking into
account the above assumptions)
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Traffic aggregation
The superposition of Poisson processes isPoisson
The superposition ON/OFF processes is afinite state birth and death process where thenumber of states is equal to the number of
superposed processes The superposition of MMPP processes is
MMPP (numerical difficulties)
Important for simulation purpose
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Parameters identificationPoisson : intensity parameter
ON/OFF : ON and OFF periods parameters
MMPP : number of phases, sejourn time
within a phase
3GPP T ffi d l
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3GPP Traffic sources models
Voice Modeloice Model
20 ms
. .
20 ms
OFF (expo)ON (expo)
Web Modeleb Model
.. . ..
Packet-call Reading-time
Packet-size ~ Pareto with cut-off
S i t di d ithi th AAL2
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Scenario studied within the AAL2
network
real time VC
voice
non real time VC
data
common VC
voice
data
scenario (a) scenario (b)
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Timer CU Study
0
0,4
0,8
1,2
1,6
2
2,4
2,8
3,2
3,6
10 30 50 70 90 110 130 number of voice streams
95percentiledelay(m
s) Timer-CU = 0
Timer-CU = 100usTimer-CU = 200us
Timer-CU = 1ms
Timer-CU = 3ms
Timer-CU = inf
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
10 30 50 70 90 110 130
number of voice s treams
StdDevofdelay(m
s) Timer-CU = 0
Timer-CU = 100usTimer-CU = 200us
Timer-CU = 1ms
Timer-CU = 3ms
Timer-CU = inf
60
65
70
75
80
8590
95
100
105
10 30 50 70 90 110 130 number of voice streams
fillingratio(%)
Timer-CU = 0Timer-CU = 100us
Timer-CU = 200us
Timer-CU = 1ms
Timer-CU = 3ms
Timer-CU = inf
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Timer CU Study (cont.)voice 20%
UDD64 80%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 5 10 100
Timer-CU [T]
95percentileda
ta
delay(ms) PCR = 500KbpsPCR = 1Mbps
PCR = 2MbpsPCR = 6Mbps
voice 20%
UDD64 80%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 5 10 100 Timer-CU [T]
95percentilevoice
delay(ms)
PCR = 500KbpsPCR = 1MbpsPCR = 2MbpsPCR = 6Mbps
voice 20%
UDD64 80%
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 5 10 100 Timer-CU [T]
fillingratio(%
)
PCR = 500KbpsPCR = 1MbpsPCR = 2MbpsPCR = 6Mbps
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Timer CU Studyvoice 80%
UDD64 20%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1 2 5 10 100 Timer-CU [T]
95percentilevoic
edelay
(ms)
PCR = 500Kbps
PCR = 1MbpsPCR = 2MbpsPCR = 6Mbps
voice 80%
UDD64 20%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
1 2 5 10 100 Timer-CU [T]
95percentiledatadelay
(ms)
PCR = 500Kbps
PCR = 1MbpsPCR = 2MbpsPCR = 6Mbps
voice 80%
UDD64 20%
50
55
60
65
70
75
8085
90
95
100
1 2 5 10 100 Timer-CU [T]
fillingratio(%
)PCR = 500KbpsPCR = 1MbpsPCR = 2MbpsPCR = 6Mbps
Timer CU Study
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Timer CU Study
(conclusions) The filling ratio depends on the Timer-CU value which depends
on the T period of the PCR. Even under heavy load conditions,the Timer-CU does have a (small) influence on the filling ratio,
however, under these conditions the Timer-CU does not have
any impact on the delay.
Under light load condition, the delay depends on the Timer-CUvalue but does not depend of the PCR.
The value of the Timer-CU chosen within the context of a mono-
service VC is still appropriate for the multiservice VC under thesame load conditions.
A value of the Timer-CU between 1ms and 2ms may be
considered as quasi- optimal .
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Study of the statistical multiplexing
Timer-CU = 1ms
0
5
10
15
20
25
3035
40
45
50
55
60
1
8
2
0
2
2
2
4
2
6
2
8
3
0
3
2
3
4
3
6
5
0
5
2
5
4
5
6
5
8
6
0
6
2
6
4
6
6
6
8
7
0
7
2
7
4
7
6
11
8
12
2
12
6
13
0
13
4
13
8
14
2
14
6
15
0
15
4
15
8
number of voice streams
99,9percentiledelay(ms) PCR=500Kbps
PCR=1MbpsPCR=2Mbps
Timer-CU = 1ms
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
number of voice streams
VCload(%)
PCR=500KbpsPCR=1Mbps
PCR=2Mbps
Study of the scheduling mechanisms
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(1)Probability distribution for voice
Voice + UDD64Kbps
20% voice, 80% data
VC load = 65%
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
0,0
1
0,1
3
0,2
5
0,3
7
0,4
9
0,6
1
0,7
3
0,8
5
0,9
7
1,0
9
1,2
1
1,3
3
1,4
5
1,5
7
1,6
9
1,8
1
1,9
3
delay(ms)
proba
bility
EDF(2ms voice,20ms data)EDF(2ms voice,50ms data)EDF(5ms voice,100ms data)FIFOPRIORITYWRR(4/5 voice,1/5 data)WRR(1/2 voice,1/2 data)WRR(1/5 voice,4/5 data)
Probability distribution for data
Voice + UDD64Kbps
20% voice, 80% data
VC load = 65%
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
0,1
0,7
1,3
1,9
2,5
3,1
3,7
4,3
4,9
5,5
6,1
6,7
7,3
7,9
8,5
9,1
9,7
probability
EDF(2ms voice,20ms data)EDF(2ms voice,50ms data)EDF(5ms voice,100ms data)FIFOPRIORITYWRR(4/5 voice,1/5 data)WRR(1/2 voice,1/2 data)WRR(1/5 voice,4/5 data)
Study of the scheduling mechanisms(2)
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(2)
Probability distribution for voice
Voice + UDD64Kbps
50% voice, 50% data
VC load = 60%
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
0,0
10,3
0,5
9
0,8
8
1,1
7
1,4
6
1,7
5
2,0
4
2,3
3
2,6
2
2,9
13,2
3,4
9
3,7
8
4,0
7
4,3
6
4,6
5
4,9
4
delay(ms)
prob
ability
EDF(2ms voice,20ms data)EDF(2ms voice,50ms data)EDF(5ms voice,100ms data)FIFOPRIORITYWRR(4/5 voice,1/5 data)WRR(1/2 voice,1/2 data)WRR(1/5 voice,4/5 data)
Probability distribution for data
Voice + UDD64Kbps
50% voice, 50% data
VC load = 60%
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
0,1
0,7
1,3
1,9
2,5
3,1
3,7
4,3
4,9
5,5
6,1
6,7
7,3
7,9
8,5
9,1
9,7
delay(ms)
probability
EDF(2ms voice,20ms data)EDF(2ms voice,50ms data)EDF(5ms voice,100ms data)FIFOPRIORITY
WRR(4/5 voice,1/5 data)WRR(1/2 voice,1/2 data)WRR(1/5 voice,4/5 data)
Study of the scheduling mechanisms(3)
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(3)
Probability distribution for voice
Voice + UDD64Kbps
80% voice, 20% data
VC load = 60%
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
0,0
1
0,1
3
0,2
5
0,3
7
0,4
9
0,6
1
0,7
3
0,8
5
0,9
7
1,0
9
1,2
1
1,3
3
1,4
5
1,5
7
1,6
9
1,8
1
1,9
3
delay(ms)
probability
EDF(2ms voice,20ms data)EDF(2ms voice,50ms data)EDF(5ms voice,100ms data)FIFOPRIORITYWRR(4/5 voice,1/5 data)WRR(1/2 voice,1/2 data)WRR(1/5 voice,4/5 data)
Probability distribution for dataVoice + UDD64Kbps
80% voice, 20% data
VC load = 60%
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
0,1
0,7
1,3
1,9
2,5
3,1
3,7
4,3
4,9
5,5
6,1
6,7
7,3
7,9
8,5
9,1
9,7
delay(ms)
p
robability
EDF(2ms voice,20ms data)EDF(2ms voice,50ms data)EDF(5ms voice,100ms data)FIFOPRIORITYWRR(4/5 voice,1/5 data)WRR(1/2 voice,1/2 data)WRR(1/5 voice,4/5 data)
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Study of the scheduling mechanisms
The probability distribution is defined as
Prob{delay > t}
Priority scheduling policy is the best one
for voice but the worst one for data
FIFO gives the opposite results (the
best for data and the worst for voice) EDF and WRR appear to be a
compromise
QOS View
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QOS View
IP layer :
DiffServ : EF, AF, BE Scheduling : Priority, WFQ
Traffic conditioning & queue management
SLA
DiffServ mechanisms
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DiffServ mechanisms
Four mechanisms are implemented within the ingress nodes :
Traffic classification :
Flow selection based on the DSCP (Behaviour Aggregate,BA)
Selection based on one or header fields : source ordestination address, DS fields, protocol identifier, source ordestination port number, etc. (Multi-Field, MF)
Traffic conditioning :
4 components : meter, marker, shaper, dropper
Traffic scheduling
Traffic forwarding
DiffServ Classification and conditioning
( i i )
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(generic view)
Classifier Marker Meter
Shaper
Dropper
in
outout
out
Per Hop Behaviour PHB
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Per Hop Behaviour PHB
Expedited forwarding (EF) Also called premium service
Code point 101110
Minimum rate guaranteed Requires a low transit delay and a low delay jitter
Should be used with interactive real time flows
The traffic shaper will drop packets which are not in conformance
with the SLA Requires resources allocation
Assured Forwarding (AF) 4 classes with 3 priority levels (packets loss)
Low loss probability May use shaper, in this case packets which are not in conformanceof the SLA are marked (dropped in case of congestion)
Best Effort (BE)
QOS elements in DiffServ
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QOS elements in DiffServ
Committed Access Rate CAR
Generic traffic Shaping GTS Weighted Fair Queuing WFQ scheduling
mechanism Weighted Random Early detection
(WRED) queue management
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Ordonnancement
Priorit de EF sur AF
AF
EF
AF1
AF2
OrdonnancementWFQ
QOS elements within MPLS
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Q
Peak Data Rate (PDR),
Peak Burst Size (PBS), Committed Data Rate (CDR),
Committed Burst Size (CBS), Excess Burst Size (EBS).
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0 1 2 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+|0|0| Type = 0x0810 | Length = 24 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Flags | Frequency | Reserved | Weight |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Peak Data Rate (PDR) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+| Peak Burst Size (PBS) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Committed Data Rate (CDR) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Committed Burst Size (CBS) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+| Excess Burst Size (EBS) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
DiffServ + MPLS Mechanisms
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DiffServ MPLS Mechanisms
1) Identifie le BA du paquet entrant par le biais du DSCP.
2) Dterminer le LSP/label reprsentant le FEC et le BA correspondants.3) Marquer le champ Exp pour reflter le BA du paquet.
Mobile IP in 2.5G/3G
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UMTS Rel 5 Architecture
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Iu-CS
UTRANR
TE MT
MS/UE
CS domain
PST/Legacy/E
Netwo
MSC
Iu-PS
PS domain
Gn
SGSN GGSN
MultiNetw
CSCF
IM Subsystem
Gm
UuGMSC
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Interface Iub
NODEBRNC
IP
PPPmuxML/MC
L2TP
IP
L2
L1
IP
PPPmuxML/MC
L2TP
IP
PPP
HDLC/
phy
IP
PPP
HDLC/
phy
IP
MPLS
phy
IP
MPLS
phy
IP
L2
L1
1 QoS
Une seule Classe deservice pour les fluxtransports entre leNode B et le RNC
RLC
MAC
FP
Multiplexage de bout en bout
UDP UDP
Rseau de transport
Tunnel
Qualit de service de bout en bout
Last Mile
Edge Router
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Interface Iub
NODEBRNC
IP
L2
phy
IP
PPP muxML-MC
HDLC/phy
IP
phy
IP
MPLS/ATM
phy
IP
MPLS/ATM
phy
IP
L2
phy
RLC
MAC
FP
PPP/AAL2/ATM
- Les flux transports dansle rseau de transport nesont pas multiplexes.- Plusieurs Classes deservice peuvent tre
supportes
Qualit de service point point
QoS2
QoS1
Phy
UDP UDP
Rseau de transport
- Le multiplexage est ralis sur leLast Mile Link
- La diffrenciation des services peuttre ralise sur le Last Mile Link
Edge Router
Last Mile Link
UMTS core network in Rel 5
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UMTS Rel 5 defines a new Core Network architecturedivided into three domains :
PS domain : is the evolution of GPRS packetdomain, it offers bearers for IP based applications.
CS domain : is the evolution of GSM NSS, it offers
bearers for circuit services. From Rel 4, 3 GPP group has introduced to the CS domain the
NGN (Next Generation Network) concept which allows to separatecontrol part from the transport part
IP Multimedia Subsystem : this domain is theinnovative part of UMTS Rel5. It is expected to supportIP multimedia applications between two end users.
IN / GSM Convergence
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The initial GSM architecture does not follow the IN model.
The enhancement of this architecture toward the IN model is done with
CAMEL (Customized Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic).
This defines A protocol : CAMEL Application Part CAP between the MSC and the
SCP
A new function gsmSSF within the MSC
Originating CAMEL Subscriber Information which identifies thesubscriber and the address of the SCP the MSC has to contact
CAP Message Set (reduced)
CAP-BCSM defined
Trends
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Trend 1 ( All IP UMTS network)
Packet-switched circuit switched
Multimedia support in core network Trend 2 (Open Service Architecture,OSA)
Provide third party service provider access to their UMTS service
architecture The concept of service portability was called VHE in 3GPP
standardization
VHE philosophy:
Make it possible for third party service providers to develop UMTS
applications
VHE(service capabilities)
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Three fundamental architecture improvements from
GSM
Wideband access: high bit rate Mobile-fixed-Internet convergence
Cross domain service
e.g. Tracking a users location
Automatically adapting the content of his incoming messages to
SMS, voice message, fax or e-mail.
VHE is the enabler of this service portability across networks and
terminals in the different domains. Flexible service architecture
VHE(service capabilities)
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VHE
A system concept for personalized service portability across
network boundaries and between terminals. virtual at home Allows a user to personalize the set of services across different
types of networks- mobile, PSTN, Internet and terminals-mobile,
laptop, fixed phone, PDA,PC
e.g. from 9h00 to 17h00 I want to receive incoming messagesfrom my office
Layered architecture, see figure.1
Network layer Service layer
Allow faster, easier and more flexible creation, deployment, and
operation of new personalized applications/services
VHE(service capabilities)
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VHE(service capabilities)
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VHE (continued) Open interface OSA
Object oriented Application Programming Interface (API)
SCSs (Service Capability Servers)
defined as all those servers in the network that provide functionalityused to construct services.
Group into software interface classes. SCFs (Service Capability Features)
The classes of the OSA interface
e.g. call control, location.positioning and notification.
Secure Service layer access to the SCFs of all the SCSs in the network
layer
Additional authentication, authorization, accounting and
management
VHE(Open Standardized
Interface/SCSs)
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)
The functionality represented by the SCFs is offered via
an open standardized interface, OSA interface.
GSM/UMTS protocol MAP
CAP
WAP
VHE(Open Standardized
Interface/SCSs)
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)
UMTS call control servers
Only MSC for Circuit Switch Call Control, 24.08 CC is UMTS CallControl protocol
HLR( Home Location Register) Location and subscriber information, MAP
MExE server (Mobile Execution Environment )
JVM, WAP browser, WAP and WTP (Wireless Telephony Application)
SIM Application Toolkit (SAT) server
SIM card contains certain subscriber and security related information.
Some small application (phone book, calendar..)
Pro-active command from SIM CAMEL( customized Application for Mobile Network Enhanced
Logic)
IN (prepaid service)
Invoke via trigger
VHE(Open Standardized Interface/SCSs)
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Why VoIP ?
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New features introduced in R00 Provisioning of IP-based multimedia service
Packet based network transport. Replace circuit switchedtransport
IP transport within the UTRAN
Network architecture is independent of the transport layer, based
on IP or ATM R00 support two types of real-time service
Circuit switched voice service
IP-based multimedia service
R00s MSC is split into A control part : MSC server
A transport part : Media Gateway Controller MGC
VoIP(All-IP UMTS solution)
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About IMS
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IMS : Provides UMTS packet domain with session control plane
Protocol chosen to perform call control is SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)
QOS is negotiated end-to-end at the application level via SIP protocol, thenthis QOS is translated to UMTS QOS to allocate CN bearer.
Enables UMTS customers to be reachable anytime anywhere thanks tothe SIP identifier
Note that in R99 and Rel 4 mobiles can not receive packet based calls fromend users.
Enables enhanced services in conjunction with service platform andarchitecture (OSA, CAMEL).
New services via packet domain : VoIP, videoconference, games
Path followed by IMS Signaling and
Multimedia Data
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UMTS Packet Domain
GGSNS GSN
IMS
E xternal
Network
Signalling Flow
Data Flow
UE
Fixed/Wireless Convergence
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IP Core Network
Media Access System
End User
Servicesand
Applications
ADSL
Satellite NetworkWLAN/Bluetooth
GSMGPRS/EDGE
UTRAN
Network Design Issues
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Access network and core network design
Traffic modelling Traffic engineering
Handover management Roaming management
Hierarchical cellular organisation
Policy Based Network PBN
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Architecture PEP : Policy Enforcement Point
PDP : Policy Decision Point
LDAP : Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
Management FunctionPolicy RepositoryPolicy Server
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PDP
PEP
Node
LDAP
SNMP
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PDP
Policy Server
PEP
Node A
LPDP
PDP
PEP
PDP
Node D
Policy Server
PEP
Node B
LPDP
PEP
Node C
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