Paris Climate Conference and
Agreement – Key Features *
Well Below 2°C Limit Warming to Well Below Target, and Try to
Cap at 1.5°C
Achieve a Balance Balance Anthropogenic GHG Sources and
Removal by Sinks by Mid-Century
Every 5 years Countries Will Review and Submit New, More
Ambitious Plans Every Five Years
TechnologyDevelopment
Advance Technology Innovation through Mission
Innovation and Breakthrough Energy Coalition
Mobilize ClimateFinance
Collectively Mobilize $100B per Year in Public
and Private Funding for Developing Economies
through 2025
EnhancedTransparency
Enhance Transparency for Reporting GHG
Emissions, Subject to Expert Review
3* Report on COP-21, “Inside the Paris Climate Deal”, Science, Warren Cornwall, Dec 2015: Vol. 350, Issue 6267, pp. 1451
4
A Unique Moment in Time
All on One Stage -- Leaders of 20 Countries Representing over 80% of Global Clean Energy R&D Investment Agreed to Support a Joint Statement on Innovation
Each Country Supported a Doubling of Governmental Clean Energy R&D Investment over Next Five Years (www.mission-innovation.net)
Gov’t Investment was Complemented by a Private Sector Initiative led by Bill Gates, the Breakthrough Energy Coalition (www.breakthroughenergycoalition.com)
5
Baseline
Distributed Globally
UnitedStates
Canada
Mexico
Brazil
Chile
Norway
SwedenDenmark
Germany
ItalyFrance
United Kingdom
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
India
ChinaJapan
Republic of Korea
Indonesia
Australia
Americas
$7 B
Asia and
Australia
$5 B
Europe
$3 B
European UnionNetherlands
Finland
6
Joint Statement
Rationale
Public Sector Actions
Private Sector Actions
Implementation & Cooperation
Information Sharingwww.mission-innovation.net
“Come together to reinvigorate and accelerate public and private global clean energy innovation
to make clean energy widely affordable”
Motivating Factors
On Climate Change, Time is Running Out:
Atmospheric Concentrations of GHGs are Rising, with Inexorable CC Effects
Changes in Climate are Manifest, Serious and Increasing
Business as Usual Approach is Unacceptable
Current Solutions are Ill-Suited or Too Costly for a World-Wide Acceptance
The Pace of Innovation is Too Slow
8
Widely Affordable Solutions Can Be Found:
Costs of Wind, Solar PV, Battery Costs, and LEDs Have Dropped Dramatically
More Innovative Ideas Are on the Cusp of Realization, but Need a Boost to Market
Private Investment is Poised to Help
Global Mobilization of Innovative Talent Will Speed Solutions and Mitigate CC Effects
Source: Adapted from DOE, “Revolution…Now: The Future Arrives for Five Clean Energy
Technologies – 2015 Update,” http://www.energy.gov/eere/downloads/revolution-now-
future-arrives-five-clean-energy-technologies-2015-update
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Land-Based Wind
Distributed PV
Utility-Scale PV
Modeled Battery Costs
LEDs
Indexed Cost Reductions Since 2008
Clean Energy Solutions –
For Today and Tomorrow
Clean Energy Ministerial
Future Innovations
Science
Research
Development
Analysis
Tech
Demos
Deployment Now
Policies
Best Practices
Capacity Building
Prizes, Recognition
Mission Innovation
Create
New Ideas
Reduce
Cost
Raise
Awareness
Facilitate
Market Uptake
Improve
Performance
Implementation
Mission: Reinvigorate and Accelerate Global Clean Energy Innovation to
Make Clean Energy Widely Affordable
Pledge: Seek to Double Public Investment in Clean Energy R&D Over Five Years
Report Progress: Share Plans, R&D Needs, Priorities and Ongoing Activities
Ongoing Activities:
12
Information Sharing Baseline and Annual Updates on Investments
Innovation Analysis and Road-Mapping
Build and Improve Technology Innovation Roadmaps and Other Tools For Optimizing and Leveraging Investments
Joint Research and Capacity Building
Public-Private and Country-to-Country Collaboration
Private Sector Engagement Collaborate on Data, Analysis, and Technology Expertise
*Governmental and/or State-Directed Clean Energy Research and Development Investment. For USG, Federal Investment; Does Not Include
State and Local Governments
13
Added R&D Investment is Significant
* MI Baseline of $15 billion USD in clean energy R&D is compiled from reports of 23 MI Member Governments.
Investment Focus of the
MI Doubling Commitment
Not Just More of the Same
Mission Innovation Funding Supports:
Clean Energy R&D
Early Stage Technology Innovation
Advancing a New Era of Discovery
Aimed at:
Superior Performance Technologies with Significant Cost Reduction
Leveraging MI Countries’ Capacities in Areas of Shared Interest
Breakthrough Energy Coalition will Focus Investment on Projects from MI Countries
14
Next Steps
Each Country Must Define Its Own Program Scope and Doubling Plan:
Establish a “Mission Innovation” R&D Baseline and Base-Year
Declare Amount of its Doubling Plan and by When
Provide a Country-Narrative Describing R&D Investment Priorities
Additionally, to the Extent Practicable:
Evidence Commitment by Announcing a First-Year Plan
Provide Transparency by Disclosing Composition of Baseline and Growth
Establish Information Sharing Mechanisms Among Countries
Identify R&D Needs, Conduct Analyses, and Launch Road-Mapping
Explore Joint Research & Capacity Building Opportunities
Agree on an International Platform for Sustained MI Operation
15
First Ministerial Meeting Hosted by the U.S. on June 2, 2016 in San Francisco, CA
Private Sector Actions
“We must…add the skills and resources of leading investors with experience in driving innovation from the lab to the marketplace.”
“The private sector knows how to build companies, evaluate the potential for success and take the risks that lead to taking innovative ideas and bringing them to the world.”
“Governments play an indispensable role in supporting energy research.”
“Government research, however, is not enough. ”
-Bill Gates
17
Bill Gates, “Energy Innovation: Why We Need It and How to Get It,” http://www.breakthroughenergycoalition.com/assets/resources/Energy-
Innovation-by-Bill-Gates-Nov-30-2015.pdf; Breakthrough Energy Coalition, “Introducing the Breakthrough Energy Coalition,”
http://www.breakthroughenergycoalition.com/en/index.html
Changes in Climate are Manifest, Serious and Increasing
Poor Countries are Impacted the Most by Climate Change
Affordable Clean Energy Helps Fight Poverty
Energy Access Reduces Time Spent Carrying Water, Gathering Fuel, etc.
High Price of Energy Adds to Cost of Electricity, Transportation, and Other Necessities
Lighting Enables Learning and Productive Activity after Dark
To Stabilize GHG Concentrations, We Need to Move to Net-Zero Emissions
Efficiency is Important
So-Called “Bridge-Fuels” (Lower Carbon) Can Help in Transition
Ultimately, We Must Power All Sectors with CO2-Neutral Energy Sources
We Can Make Progress with Today’s Tools, But These are Not Enough
Challenges: Intermittency, Land Requirements, Reliability, Costs, etc.
Need to Create an Environment that Mobilizes and Accelerates Innovation
18
Gates on “Why We Need Breakthroughs in Energy Technology”
Drastically Increase Government Investment in Early-Stage R&D
Attract Private Capital into a Variety of Potential Solutions
Act Quickly Given Long Time Frames of Energy Transitions
19
Government and Business Together CanCreate the Incentives for Innovation
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Total Private Sector R&D Spending
Percentage as a Share of Sales
Source: American Energy Innovation Council
Pe
rce
nt a
s a
Sh
are
of S
ale
s
20.5%
11.5%
7.9%
2.4%0.42%
Source: Bill Gates, “Energy Innovation: Why We Need It and How to
Get It,” https://www.gatesnotes.com/Energy/Energy-Innovation
20
Breakthrough Energy Coalition
Different Kind of Investor:
Long-term Commitment to New Technologies
Utilize Truly Patient, Flexible Risk-Tolerant Capital
Different Approach to Investment:
Identify Investable Ideas Early
Speed Up Innovation Cycle
Focus on Ideas that Go to Scale
Adopt Different Types of Deal Structures
Bill Gates, gatesnotes, “A Big Win for Cheap, Clean Energy,” https://www.gatesnotes.com/Energy/Investing-in-Energy-Innovation
Click to view video
21
Fund Principles
1. Invest EarlyProvide Seed, Angel and Series A Investments. Once De-Risked, Traditional Investors may Follow.
2. Invest Broadly
Invest Across a Number of Sectors: Electricity Generation and Storage Transportation Industrial Use Agriculture Energy System Efficiency
3. Invest BoldlyNovel Technologies and Dramatic Improvements to Existing Technologies. Credible Path to Rapid Scale-Up without Burdening Essential Systems.
4. Invest Wisely Tap Leading Experts to Guide Investment Decisions.
5. Invest TogetherInvest in Mission Innovation Countries’ Innovation Pipelines.
Breakthrough Energy Coalition
• 27 investors & University of California; collective net worth: $300+ billion• Commitment to invest in innovation emerging from Mission Innovation pipeline• Long-term, patient, and risk-tolerant capital
22
Mukesh
AmbaniJohn Arnold Mark Benioff Jeff Bezos Alwaleed bin
Ttalal
Richard
Branson
Ray Delio Aliko Dangote John Doerr
Bill Gates Reid
Hoffman
Chris Hohn Vinod
Khosla
Jack Ma Patrice
Motsepe
Xavier Niel Hasso
Plattner
Julian
Robertson
Mark Zuckerberg,
Priscilla Chan
Neil Shen Simons &
Baxter-Simons
Masayoshi
Son
George
Soros
Tom
Steyer
Ratan
Tata
Meg
Whitman
Zhang Xin
Pan Shiyi
Coalition’s Next Steps
Create an Innovation Pipeline
Build and Expand the Coalition
Make a Case for Greater Early-Stage Investment by Governments
Define Mechanisms for Coordination and Information-Sharing with Mission Innovation Countries
Establish a Series of Investment Funds with Scientific Due Diligence Capability
Goal: Launch Initial Round of Investments by the End of Calendar Year 2016
23
MI Sub-Groups
Three Thematic, Ad Hoc Sub-Groups: *
1. Information Sharing
2. Analysis and Joint Research
3. Business and Investor Engagement
Sub-Groups “Staffed” by Int’l Volunteers from MI
Countries
Sub-Group Products to Flow into MI Framework
Document
25* Organized around themes of Joint Statement by MI Country Leaders
Joint Statement:
“Each Country Will Seek to Double Governmental
and/or State-Directed Clean Energy R&D Investment
over Five Years”
Countries Subsequently Agreed to Share:
Clean Energy RD&D Budget Baseline;
Base-Year (or Alternative Methodology)
Doubling Plan and Doubling Year
Country-Specific Narrative on R&D Plans, Priorities
and Progress
Results as of November 14, 2016:
22 of 22 Countries Complied + EC
Total Baseline Figure is $15 Billion
Doubling Figure is $30 Billion by 2020-2021
27
Implementation
and Top-Line Results
Joint Statement on MI
November 30, 2016
Power of Innovation
When Prices Drop, Markets Soar
29Source: Adapted from DOE, “Revolution…Now: The Future Arrives for Five Clean Energy Technologies – 2015 Update,”
http://www.energy.gov/eere/downloads/revolution-now-future-arrives-five-clean-energy-technologies-2015-update
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Cost Reductions Market Uptake
100
1000
10000
100000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
LEDs
Batteries
Utility-Scale
PV
Distributed
PV
Land-Based
Wind
Innovation and Deployment
-- A Natural Fit
Clean Energy Ministerial
Future Innovations
Science
Research
Development
Analysis
Tech
Demos
Deployment Now
Policies
Best Practices
Capacity Building
Prizes, Recognition
Mission Innovation
Create
New Ideas
Reduce
Cost
Raise
Awareness
Facilitate
Market Uptake
Improve
Performance
30
Clean Energy Solutions –
Examples
Clean Energy Ministerial
Smart Buildings, Internet of Things
Advanced Manufacturing
Novel CCS Technologies
New Materials
Revolutionary Aircraft
Electric
Vehicles
Smart
Grids
Renewable Energy Atlas
Super-Efficient Appliances
ISO 50001 Energy Management
Solutions Center (1,000 Requests)
10 Billion LED Bulbs
Mission Innovation
Create
New Ideas
Reduce
Cost
Raise
Awareness
Facilitate
Market Uptake
Improve
Performance
31
COP21 -- Historic Achievement:
187 Countries (98% of GHGs) Produced a Globally Inclusive “Paris Agreement”
Nearly All of World’s Countries Submitted INDCs
The Transformation to a Clean Energy Future is Beginning to Take Shape
Bad News
Sum of the INDCs Falls Short of What is Needed
Costs are Still Too High; and the Pace of Technology Innovation is Too Slow
Good News – Mission Innovation Can:
Create New Technologies, Improve Existing Technologies, and Reduce Costs
Attract Business and Investor Interest and Spur Global Action
Make Clean Energy Widely Affordable to a Global Population
Better News
MI + CEM Together Can Provide a Path to “Actualize” the Paris Agreement, and
With Realized Gains, Enable More Ambition at the Next 5-Year INDC Review
32
MI + CEM = Path
to Actualize the Paris Agreement
MI + CEM + Investors, Business and Industry = Accelerated Progress
33Source: Adapted from UNFCCC, Synthesis report of INDCs, October 2015; http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/07.pdf
GH
G E
mis
sio
ns (
GtC
O2
eq
/yr)
ConclusionsAccelerated Innovation
Drives Accelerated Progress (v1)
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Reduction
due to INDCs
Least-cost mitigation
scenarios to stay below
2°C
Potential additional
reduction due to
accelerated innovation
and deployment
80%
20%
MedianConditional and
Unconditional
INDC Ranges from COP21
Median of
COP21 INDCs
Pre-INDC
Historical
MI Funding
Solidify Doubling Plans
MI Research & Innovation
Share Information on Country R&D Portfolios and Priorities
Carry Out Joint Analysis & Technology Road-Mapping
Explore & Develop Collaborative Research Opportunities
Engage Business and Industry in R&D Plans and Projects
MI Demonstration & Deployment
Link with Clean Energy Ministerial
Raise Awareness of Most Promising New Techs
Facilitate Market Uptake
MI Implementation and Sustained Innovation
Periodically Take Stock of MI Progress
Make Strategic Adjustments, as Needed
34
Next Steps
Science
New Materials
High Temperature
Tailored Mechanical Chemical
Properties
Tailored Electrical Magnetic
Properties
Heat Transfer & Fluid Dynamics
Combustion Materials
Electro & Thermo Chemistry
Photo & Radiation Chemistry
Membranes & Separations
Condensed Matter Physics
Nanosciences
Geosciences & Hydrology
Chemical Catalysis
Bio-Catalysis
Plant and Microbial Genomics
(Biotechnology)
Bio-Based & Bio Inspired
Processing
Environmental Science
Earth and Climate Science
Atmospheric Science
Advanced Scientific Computing
Models and Simulations
Fusion and Plasma Sciences
Plasma Confinement Systems
High Energy Density Physics
5 New Energy Frontier
Research Centers (Total of 37)
35
MISSION INNOVATION
-- EXAMPLES Research
Regional Clean Energy
Innovation Partnerships
Small Business Innovation
Partnership Program
Energy Technology Innovation
Accelerators
ARPA-E
2 New National Network for
Manufacturing Innovation
Institutes for Clean Energy
Materials in Extreme Conditions
Initiative
Materials Manufacturing for Grid
Applications Initiative
New Desalination Hub
Sensors & Instrumentation
Basic Clean Energy Research
Zero-Emission Fossil Energy
Direct CO2 Capture from
Atmosphere
Safe Long-Term Ocean Storage
Development
Sustainable Transportation
SuperTrucks
Vehicle Lightweighting
Zero-Emission Vehicle Systems
Optimized Multi-Modal Intercity &
Freight Transport
Very Low Aviation Emissions
Renewable Power
Solar, SunShot Initiative
Wind
Water
Geothermal
Biomass
Fuel Cells
Energy Efficiency
High Impact Technology (HIT)
Catalysts
LEDs
Building Management and
Information Systems
Shading Attachments and Awnings
Refrigeration Controls
Commercial Fans and Blowers
Smart Buildings
Smart Meters
Energy Managed Communities
Advanced Sensors and Controls
Advanced Nuclear Energy
Pebble Bed
Molten Chloride Fast Reactor
Gen IV Energy Systems
Advanced Nuclear Fuels
Small Modular Reactors
Analysis
Demand Response and
Dynamic Pricing
Generation Flexibility
Microgrids
Distributed Generation
Physical and Synthetic Inertia
Electric Vehicles
Power Electronics
Resiliency
Cybersecurity
Polygeneration
Hybrid Generation
Combined Heat and Power
Waste Heat Recovery
CO2 as a Working Fluid
Carbon Management
NGCC Carbon Capture Pilot
Plant
3 Post Combustion CO2
Capture Pilot Plants (10 MW
Scale)
2 New FEED Studies for
Advanced Combustion
Energy Efficiency & Demand
Super-Efficient Equipment
and Appliance Deployment
Appliance Energy
Efficiency Policy Exchange
Forum
Efficiency Awards
Street Lighting Tool
Efficiency Standards and
Labeling
Global Lighting Challenge
(10 Billion High Efficiency
Bulbs)
Electric Vehicles
EV City Casebooks
Global EV Outlook
Energy Management
Working Group
ISO 50001 Energy
Management
Energy Management
Toolbox and Case Studies
Cool Roofs and Pavements
Toolkit
CHP/DHC Country
Scorecards
36
CLEAN ENERGY MINISTERIAL
-- EXAMPLES
Energy Supply
Solar and Wind
Global Atlas for
Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy
Learning Partnership
Capacity Development
Needs Diagnostics for
Renewable Energy
(CaDRE)
Renewable Energy
Auctions and Policies
Guides
Carbon Sequestration
Leadership Forum
Energy Systems & Integration
21st Century Power Partnership
Technical Assistance for Policy
and Regulatory Implementation
21CPP Fellowship Program
Distributed Generation
Regulation Resource Library
Renewable Energy Roadmap
for India
Global Lighting and Energy
Access Partnership
Global LEAP Awards
Off-grid Appliance Quality and
Efficiency Testing
Global Lighting Quality
Assurance Framework
Mini-Grids Quality Assurance
Framework
International Smart Grid Action
Network
Smart Grids Best Practice
Handbook
Smart Grids Training Academy
Smart Grids Integration Awards
Crosscutting
Clean Energy Education and
Empowerment
Awards for Mid-Career
Leadership in Clean Energy
Clean Energy Solutions Center
Ask-an-Expert Service
Online Training and
Resources
Finance Solutions Center