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Binary Fission

  Cell Division

Dividing cell must:

 A. Copy its genetic information.

B. Distribute genetic information

  equally to each daughter 

  cell.

Prokaryotes

Bacteria!:

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"he #ukaryotic Cell Cycle

$aryokinesis % &uclear Division

  % occurs by mitosis 

Cytokinesis % cytoplasmic Division

Parent Cell

Daughter Cells

 '(

)*nterphase % cell makes preparations for division

)+ Phase % cell divides  % involves , types of   division:

-. $aryokinesis

  ,. Cytokinesis

)

)

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ummary of +itosis

-. Chromosomes completely condensed.

,. Centrosomes migrate to/ard opposite poles.

0. +itotic spindle begins to form.

1. &ucleolus disappears.

Prophase

$ey #vents

-. Chromosomes begin to condense.

,. Centrosomes 2 centrioles! duplicated.

$ey #vents

#nd of ',

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+itotic Chromosomes

pindle Attachment

ite

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ummary of +itosis

-. pindle completely assembled.

,. &uclear membrane broken do/n.

0. pindle fibers attach to chromosomes.

1. Chromosomes begin to align.

Prometaphase

$ey #vents

$inetochore

+icrotubules

Polar 

+icrotubules

Chromosomes

pindle Apparatus

  +icrotubules!

 Asters

 Asters

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ummary of +itosis

-. Chromosomes align along the metaphase

  plate.

+etaphase

$ey #vent

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ummary of +itosis

-. ister chromatids separate simultaneously.

,. Daughter chromosomes pulled to opposite

  poles.

 Anaphase

 Anaphase

 Anaphase

$ey #vents

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 Anaphase A and Anaphase B

 Anaphase A

+etaphase

 Anaphase B

Polar microtubulesslide apart3 pushes

poles and hence the

daughter chromosomes

further apart. "his is

 Aided by the pulling of

"he poles by the asters.

$inetochore micro%

tubules shorten and

pull chromosomes

to opposite poles.

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ummary of +itosis

-. Contractile ring forms.

,. Contractile ring pinches the cell into ,

  daughter cells.

"elophase

"elophase 2 Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis % $ey #vents

Contractile

4ing

"elophase % $ey #vents

-. Daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles.

,. pindle disassembled.

0. &uclear membranes form.

1. Chromosomes decondense.

5. &ucleolus appears in each nucleus.

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Cytokinesis in Animal Cells

Contractile 4ing

+icrofilaments!

Cleavage Furro/

Daughter

Cells

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Cytokinesis in Plant Cells

Cell Plate

6esicles

Cell 7all

-. "he cell plate forms /hen vesicle filled /ith cell /all material and plasma membrane material gather 

  along the midline of the cell.

,. "he vesicles then fuse together to form a ne/ cell /all and plasma membrane that divide the cell into

  t/o daughter cells.