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MIXED 12/4/02 1
Learning about Puget Sound: MIXED
Kate Edwards
UW Applied Physics Lab
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MIXED
Model/measurement integration experiment in estuary dynamics
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MIXED
Who – UW, government scientists
What – Fieldwork, modeling
When – Spring bloom 2003
Why – Biophysical coupling in south Sound
Where – Carr Inlet, south Sound
How – Collaboration … you?
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Motivation
• Study coupled ecosystem of south Sound– Biology, chemistry, circulation, runoff, weather– Role in spring bloom?
• Can we model these processes?– Test hypotheses
• What affects productivity in an area vulnerable to nutrification?
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Water pollution sources
From SPASM web page, http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/spasm/spasm_results.html
South Sound: problems on the horizon
Newton, J.A. 1995. Observations of El Niño weather conditions reflected in the temperatures and salinities of Puget Sound monitoring stations. In Puget Sound Research '95 Proceedings, 2: 979-991.
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Population growth
Georgia Basin-Puget Sound Ecosystem Indicators Report, 2002
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MIXED location: Carr Inlet
July 1990 aerial photo mosaic, USGS website
Tacoma Narrows
Huge Creek
Chambers Creek
Carr Inlet
ORCA
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MIXED components• BioFloat• Ship surveys • Integrated physical model• Aquatic Biochemistry Cycling Model• ORCA• Multiple funding sources, investigators
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BioFloat (Eric D’Asaro, Rick Reynolds)
– Temperature, salinity, radiometer– Oxygen, chlorophyll
BioFloat figures from proposal, personal communication (D’Asaro), and http://opd.apl.washington.edu/~dasaro/Oregon/OregonBio.html
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BioFloat data examples
Growth rate vs available light
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Ship surveys (Jan Newton)
• RV Skookum – 10 stations along BioFloat track (26’ vessel)
• Conductivity, temperature, depth (CTD)
• Oxygen, chlorophyll, nutrients (bottles)
• Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP)
Dept of Ecology photo
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Coupled physical model (Mitsuhiro Kawase, Kate Edwards)
• Stratification, circulation of Puget Sound
• Water – Princeton Ocean Model
• Atmospheric forcing – Mesoscale Meteorological Model 5
• River runoff - Hydromet
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Aquatic Biogeochemical Cycling (ABC) model
• Productivity at a single point
• Model biological processes (grazing, productivity)
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0 100 200 300 400 500 600
time (days)
NO3
Diatoms
Copepods
Jan Newton PRISM seminar, http://www.prism.washington.edu/lc/PRDOCS/retreat2002/
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What do we already know?
• ORCA profiler (2000-present)
• Model output
• WA Department of Ecology stations, PRISM cruises– Monthly stations for several years
• ADCP mooring and sections
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Oceanic Remote Chemical-optical Analyzer (ORCA)
Hourly profiles
Weather observations
Temperature, salinity, oxygen, chlorophyll, light
Picture from ORCA website, http://orcabase.ocean.washington.edu/
MIXED 12/4/02 172002 spring bloom starts
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Modeling the flow
• Animation of velocity for January
• High mixing due to vertical shear?
• Complicated circulation: what are we seeing at ORCA?
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MIXED recap
• Learn about spring bloom in an area vulnerable to nutrification
• Biological, chemical, physical observations
• Modeling
• Where do you come in?
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Sample projects
• Zooplankton grazing rate in south Sound. Levels before/after bloom?
• Species composition of Carr Inlet. Do micro or macro algae dominate?
• Nutrient analysis, chemistry of Carr Inlet
• Internal tide analysis• Dissipation of tidal energy, mixing• 3D stratification of the Inlet• Internal wave study using satellite data• Other ideas!
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How to learn more• http://www.prism.washington.edu/lc/PRMIXED/
• Email Kate Edwards ([email protected])
• Al Devol presentation on ORCA today
• Mitsuhiro Kawase presentation 12/11