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PTN based mobile backhaulingJan. 2011

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Table of content

Introduction 3

Next-generation mobile backhauling is all about data 3

Mobile backhauling evolution steps 4-5

Mobile backhauling using MPLS / MPLS-TP 6-7

Orckit-Corrigent PTN solution enables MPLS / MPLS-TP basedmobile backhauling

8-9

Orckit-Corrigent PTN products enable MPLS / MPLS-TP basedmobile backhauling

9-10

Summary 11

List of figures

Figure #1: Legacy split access 4

Figure #2: Legacy backhaul 5

Figure #3: Split access 5

Figure #4: Pure packet 6

Figure #5: CSG/ASG usage in PTN mobile backhauling 6

Figure #6: HSG/ASG usage in PTN mobile backhauling 7

Figure #7: E2E mobile backhauling solution 8

Figure #8: PTN solution traffic flow 9

List of photos

Photo #1: Orckit-Corrigent CM-4140 PTN switch 9

Photo #2: Orckit-Corrigent CM-401x PTN access portfolio 10

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Introduction

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The data and Ethernet potential at mobile networks is well described byindustry analysts, for example:

Traffic measurement company Comscore find out that iPhone users consume two tofour times as much network data volume as other smartphone users

Analyst firm OVUM expects Ethernet to capture 50% of wireless backhaul technologyat 2013

Analyst firm HeavyReading expects mobile backhauling application to capture 17% ofCarrier Ethernet infrastructure market at 2011

Analyst firm Infonetics expects Ethernet copper and fiber to capture 32%, or $3B at2011 from mobile backhauling equipment revenues

Mobile backhauling evolution steps

Transforming a TDM network to a Packet Transport Network

Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) is providing guidelines for implementing mobilebackhauling network that is based on PTN. The mobile backhaul network isplaced between the radio Network Controllers (NC) and the radio accessBase Station (BS).

MPLS / MPLS-TP based PTN with circuit emulation technologies for thedelivery of TDM leased-line services over packet are successfulimplementation.

Scenario 1a: legacy split access

In the basic use-case there are two parallel networks that transport differenttypes of mobile traffic: the MPLS / MPLS based PTN role is to carry all thenew data traffic and the legacy TDM network is remained untouched.

This is appropriate in cases where the mobile operator intends to offload lowpriority, high bandwidth traffic from the legacy network.

Figure #1: Legacy split access

Scenario 1b: legacy backhaul

When the Packet Transport Network is stable and reliable, an upgrade to thePTN eliminates the need to maintain the legacy TDM network. Radio access

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nodes with legacy interfaces transport all traffic over the PTN that is usingcircuit emulation technologies in order to deliver TDM over packet services.

The outcome is a unified mobile backhauling that is using GIF thatinterconnects all the legacy equipment to the PTN.

Figure #2: Legacy backhaul

Scenario 2a: split access

This use case is similar to the legacy split access use case in the way thePacket Transport Network is used to offload certain traffic, such as low priorityhigh bandwidth traffic, from the legacy network. The overlay legacy networktransport voice and delivers synchronization.

Here, the radio access network nodes are equipped with both Ethernet andlegacy interfaces. Therefore they can be connected directly to the UNI via anEthernet interface (eliminating the need for a GIF) and split the traffic: TDMtraffic to the legacy network and Ethernet traffic to the PTN.

Figure #3: Split access

Scenario 2b: pure packetWhen the Packet Transport Network is stable and reliable, an upgrade to theradio access network nodes eliminates the need to maintain the legacy TDMnetwork.

The new RAN nodes send all the traffic (now everything is over Ethernet) overthe PTN.

The outcome is a pure-packet mobile backhauling that is very similar to theclassic usage of Carrier Ethernet and MPLS / MPLS-TP by fixed-line serviceproviders.

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Figure #4: Pure packet

Mobile backhauling using MPLS / MPLS-TP

Delivering a future proof, scalable, and cost effective solution

MPLS and MPLS-TP technologies were originally built for service providersneed to deliver large amount of connection-oriented traffic with different QoStypes. Today, MPLS is the de-facto technology at metro aggregation networks

and it enables voice, video and data services. Leveraging mature andscalable MPLS / MPLS-TP solutions from the fixed-line domain to the mobilenetworks is lowering risks and costs.

Cell Site Gateway (CSG) usage: when fixed-line infrastructure reaches thecell site, the mobile operator place a CSG that receives all the traffic from theantennas and send it to an access network. The CSG is a multi-serviceaccess switch and the gateway functionality means that number of E1 orEthernet services are encapsulated to Ethernet packets. From this point thedata packets need specific QoS and the network needs to preservesynchronization.

At the other side of the mobile backhauling network, the controller needs toreceive and handle all the services that came from the antennas. Therefore,another gateway, called Aggregation Site Gateway (ASG) is needed to de-encapsulate all the Ethernet traffic and send it to the controller.

Figure #5 demonstrates the CSG/ASG scenario over PTN:

Figure #5: CSG/ASG usage in PTN mobile backhauling

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Hub Site Gateway (HSG) usage: CSG or even a switch is not always placedat the cell site location. In some cases few access networks carry PDH traffic(normally E1 services) and Ethernet traffic till the demarcation point where theMPLS / MPLS-TP aggregation begins. In such cases, a relatively smallaggregation device is having a gateway functionality to encapsulate

PDH/SDH traffic and deliver it over the PTN. Therefore, such network elementis called Hub Site Gateway (HSG). The Ethernet traffic doesnt need thegateway functionality and is simply being carried over MPLS / MPLS-TP PWtowards the controller.

At the aggregated PTN, MPLS / MPLS-TP based data packets need specificQoS and the network needs to preserve synchronization.

At the other side of the mobile backhauling network, the controller needs toreceive and handle all the services that came from the antennas. Therefore,another gateway, called Aggregation Site Gateway (ASG) is needed to de-encapsulate all the PTN traffic and send it to the controller.

Figure #6 demonstrates the HSG/ASG scenario over PTN:

Figure #6: HSG/ASG usage in PTN mobile backhauling

The CSG and HSG scenarios demonstrate how MPLS / MPLS-TP with itsproven abilities to serve different types of services in PTN can be used easily

for mobile backhauling. The network scheme and services handling are

typical, and the powerful QoS, protection and OAM mechanisms are also

typical to classic aggregation networks. Therefore, the solution is robust,

scalable and cost effective.

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Orckit-Corrigent PTN solution enables MPLS / MPLS-TP based mobilebackhauling

A cost optimized, standard and interoperable MPLS solution with E1 tillSTM-n services over packet

Orckit-Corrigent PTN solution is build from the CM-4000 small/medium/largeswitching capacity switches for metro aggregation networks, CM-401x PTNaccess switches, and CM-View network and services management system.

The carrier grade solution is based on standard Layer 2 MPLS and MPLS-TPtechnologies, interoperable capabilities, a wide set of transport features andcost optimization.

Figure #7: E2E mobile backhauling solution

For the specific needs of mobile backhauling, the solution includes:

A dense mixture of GE, 10GE and PDH/SDH interfaces that enables ascalable and affordable solution

Synchronization technologies, including Synchronous Ethernet and IEEE1588v2 that are required to deliver TDM services

TDM emulation protocols including CEP, SAToP and CESoP thatenables E1 services till STM-n services over MPLS network

ATM over packet and ATM cross-connect

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Figure #8: PTN solution traffic flow

Orckit-Corrigent PTN products enable MPLS / MPLS-TP based mobilebackhauling

CM-4140 PTN switch: a mobile backhauling HSG and ASG

CM-401x PTN access switches: a mobile backhauling CSG

Orckit-Corrigent CM-4140 is a PTN switch positioned for aggregationnetworks. It is a standard Layer 2 MPLS / MPLS-TP and interoperable productwith a wide set of transport features, including Ethernet and TDM over packetservices and transport-class availability, synchronization and management.The CM-4140 offers high switching capacity at small footprint with low powerconsumption.

The CM-4140 ideally fits in 2G/3G/4G mobile networks as HSG and ASG dueto its cost point and abilities to deliver Ethernet services as well as low rateand high rate TDM services over MPLS aggregation network.

Photo #1: Orckit-Corrigent CM-4140 PTN switch

HSG and ASG for mobile backhaul solution Standard and interoperable Layer 2 MPLS / MPLS-TP E1, STM-1/4/16 over packet CEP, SAToP, CESoP STM1/4 ATM Synchronous Ethernet, IEEE 1588v2 168G switching capacity at 3RU footprint with 250W of power

consumption

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Orckit-Corrigent CM-401x PTN portfolio is a complete access solution formobile backhaul, legacy SDH and PDH migration, and enterprise CLE andpre-aggregation applications. The CM-401x portfolio includes CM-4011, CM-4012 and CM-4013 products and is fully compatible with the companys metroaggregation products that include the CM-4140, CM-4206, and CM-

4314T/4314 chassis based PTN products, and the companys CM-View NMSproduct. All CM-401x products deliver 16G of non blocking switching capacityand are packed only in 1RU fixed configuration size.

The CM-401x portfolio is equipped with a broad mixture of Ethernet, PDH andSDH interfaces and therefore fits to various networking scenarios andincreases network scalability. As packet transport solution, Ethernet, IP/MPLSand MPLS-TP technologies are implemented in the CM-401x portfolio, as wellas standard and interoperable packet synchronization and circuit emulationtechnologies.

Photo #2: Orckit-Corrigent CM-401x PTN access portfolio

ProductPacket Synchronization Circuit Emulation

Ethernet IP/MPLS MPLS-TP SyncE 1588v2 SAToP CEP

CM-4011 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No

CM-4012 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No

CM-4013 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Product 10/100/1000FE/GE ports GEports STM-1/4ports E1ports

CM-4011 8 6 0 16

CM-4012 8 6 0 63

CM-4013 8 6 4/1 63

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Summary

The vision for truly broadband and real-time content on mobile devices isclear and the technical and economical challenges to fulfill this vision arechanging the mobile backhauling infrastructure. At the end of the road atypical Packet Transport Network based on MPLS and MPLS-TP technologieswill carry all the traffic, and the phased migration from TDM based network toa packet based network is achievable with synchronization and circuitemulation technologies.

Orckit-Corrigent is offering a standard and interoperable PTN portfolioincluding CSG/HSG/ASG products that are cost optimized and having thecapabilities to deliver both E1 and STM-n services over the aggregationnetwork. Implementing HSG and ASG is a single product simplifies thesolution and reducing costs. And implementing Layer 2 MPLS and MPLS-TPwith circuit emulation and synchronization technologies brings a complete,field-proven and cost optimized solution for mobile backhauling networks that

need to deliver broadband content and services.

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Acronyms

ASG Aggregation Site Gateway

BS Base Station

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

CEP Circuit Emulation over Packet

CESoP Circuit Emulation Service over Packet

CSG Cell Site Gateway

GIF Generic Interworking Function

HSG Hub Site Gateway

HSPA High Speed Packet Access

LTE Long Term Evolution

MEF Metro Ethernet Forum

MPLS Multi Protocol Label Switching

MPLS-TP Multi Protocol Label Switching Transport Profile

NC Network Controller

OAM Operation, Administration, and Maintenance

PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PTN Packet Transport Network

QoS Quality of Service

RAN Radio Access Network

SAToP Structure-Agnostic TDM over Packet

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SMS Short Message Service

TDM Time Division Multiplexing

UNI User Network Interface

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