Mobile World

Hardware PerspectiveBy

Mohab El-Shishtawy

Contents

Why Hardware Basic Mobile Hardware Connectivity Extra Features

Why Hardware?

1) We study Engineering not Computer Science !!

2) No one talks about hardware mostly OS’s

3) Know your hardware, Build Apps for it

4) Maximize benefits of you mobile

5) Decide before you buy any smart phone

Features

All features are extracted from smart phones not dump oneN-Series for Nokia

iPhone 3GS

WP7 PhonesAndroid powered phones

or later

Basic Hardware

1) Touch Screen

2) Processing units

3) Ram, Rom and Memory Card

Touch screen

• Type:

1- Resistive Touch Screen

2- Capacitive Touch Screen

• Resolution and size

Resistive

1. Composed of two flexible sheets coated with a resistive material .

2. When contact is made to the surface of the touchscreen, the two sheets are pressed together.

3. Two sheets there are horizontal and vertical lines that when pushed together, register the precise location.

Resistive (cont..)

• Pros:• The screens are usually inexpensive• It can be easily operated with any pointing devices• They are much more accurate than capacitive touch

screens• They are easy to use and are more reliable• Cons:• Multi touch support not available• These are highly sensitive to scratches• Poor visibility in sunlight

Capacitive

• Consists of an insulator such as glass, coated with a transparent conductor such as indium tin oxide.

• Human body is also an electrical conductor.

• Touching the surface of the screen results in a distortion of the screen's electrostatic field.

Capacitive(cont..)

• Pros:• Multi touch support available• Good visibility even in sunlight• Not affected by dirt and moisture• Glossy looks• Cons:• Humidity must be at least 5% to achieve capacitive

effect• Expensive than resistive touch screen• Doesn’t work with pointed objects

Resolution and Size

• The size of the screen which is measured diagonally across the face screen.

• Measured by inches• Most common

iPhone 3.5-inch

HTC 4-inch

Ranges from (3.0 to 4.5) inch

Resolution

• It is the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed.

• Represented by the physical number of columns and rows of pixels creating the display (e.g., 240 x 320).

• More Pixels == More Realistic screen.• DPI The number of 'dots' or pixels per

each inch.

Resolution and Size

• More pixels on same size will give brighter image quality (more clear).

• Eye can detect up to 300 DPI.• As a programmer you concern about

Resolution NOT Screen Size.

Microprocessor

• Mobile microprocessors must be small and consume little power

• Size can be solved with System-on-a-Chip configurations

• Sleep mode during longer pauses (requires support from the OS and possibly from the applications).

• Uses ARM structure • System-on-a-Chip (CPU,GPU,ROM, RAM,

Radio, External interfaces).

SoC (NVIDIA Tegra 2)

• CPU: Dual-Core, 1 GHz per core• Cache:1 MB• Memory: Up to 1GB,(DDR2-667)• GPU : 8 cores• Supports (12 MP Camera, Display 1680x1050)• USB 2.0 OTG, USB 2.0 ULPI, HDMI, MIPI

CSI/DSI/HSI, UART, SPI, SDIO, I2C, I2S• Examples (Motorola Atrix , Samsung Galaxy

S2)

SoC (Apple A5)

• CPU: Dual-Core, 1 GHz per core• Cache:1 MB• 512 MB of low-power DDR2 RAM clocked

at 1066 MHz• Dynamically adjust its frequency to save

battery life

• Examples (iPad2,iPhone5 to be released)

Ram, Rom and memory card

• ROM: where the OS (Firm Ware)of mobile installed, it can be modified (system update)

Ranges from (512MB to 1.5GB)• RAM: read/write from/to any address, fast,

looses data when powered off

Ranges from (128MB to 1GB)

important for Apps programmers.

Ram, Rom and memory card

• Storage uses Flash Memory to store data permanently as HDD in computer

• Divide into two types

1. On chip flash memory as (N8 16GB and iPhone 32GB).

2. Extension by using SD cards(mini and micro SD).

• Notice On chip flash memory is NOT a RAM

Connectivity

1) Network

2) Bluetooth

3) USB

Network

• 2.5G (EDGE)

- Deployed in 2003

- Data rate 236.8kbps to 384kbps

- used in mobile phones• 3G (WCDMA)

- Allows multimedia contents like mobile TV, audio-video conferencing, video on demand, fax

- High speed internet speed up to 1.92Mbps

Network(cont..)

• 3.5G (HSDPA)

- Higher data speed and capacity

- Down-link speed 3.6, 7.2 to 14Mbps

- referred as 3G+,3G Turbo,3G EDGE.• 4G

- Allows Gaming Services, High Definition HDTV

- Ultra-broadband internet Access 1GBps

- Support for IPV6 protocol

Bluetooth

• Classified into classes and versions.• Class 1 range 20-30 meters.• Class 2 range 5-10 meters.• Version 2.0 data rate 2.1 Mbit/s.• Version 3.0 data rate 24 Mbit/s.• The closer you are to the bluetooth

transmitter, the faster you will receive files.

USB

• USB 1.1 works at 12 MBits/sec while USB 2.0 works at 480 MBits/sec.

• Most phones uses now Micro-USB 2.0.• USB OTG (on the go)

- Enable host and device roles swapping within the connection

- Connecting flash memory to your mobile

- Supported in (N8,Galaxy S)

- Require support from system

Sensors

1) Proximity sensor

2) Accelerometer

3) Gyroscope

Proximity sensor

• Sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects

• Emits an electromagnetic or electrostatic field and looks for changes in the field or return signal.

• Used for auto turn-off• May used in further application.

Accelerometer

• Is an instrument for measuring acceleration, detecting and measuring vibrations.

• Sense movement in only one direction, so true 3D position sensing must use three.

• Used in all smart phone and devices like Wii Remote

• First introduced by Apple in iPhone

Gyroscope

• A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation.

• Three degrees of rotational freedom• Introduced by Apple in iPhone4 2010

Any Questions??

Thank You

Twitter @MohabTarek