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Mobilization on
the Home Front
Chapter 25.1
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Selective Service and the GI
5 Million Americansvolunteered to serve.
10 Million more weredrafted through theSelective Service Act
GI Government Issue
First used to describeweapons, clothing, etc. andlater used to describesoldiers.
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Women join the Effort
Womens Auxiliary Army Corps(WAAC) Gen Marshall pushed for the creation of
the WAAC
Congress opposed! Who will do the cooking, the washing,
and the mending?
Silliest piece of legislation he had everseen
Think of the humiliation. What hasbecome of the manhood of America,that we have to call on our women to dowhat has ever been the duty of men?
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Women join the Effort
13,000 womenapplied on the firstday applications
were available. 250,000 women
served in this andother auxiliarybranches during thewar.
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Minorities Join the Effort
Why fight for
democracy for someforeign country
when we dont even
have it here?African American
Editorial
Just carve on mytombstone, Here lies ablack man killed fighting
a yellow man for theprotection of a white
man.
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Minorities Join the Effort
Minorities realized that things might be
bad now, but how much worse might they
be under a fascist government? More than a million African-Americans
served during WWII.
They were in segregated units and limited to
mostly non-combat roles.
25,000 Native Americans joined the services,including 800 women.
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Life on the Home Front
Factories transitioned frommaking consumer goods tomaking war materialsovernight.
Car plans built tanks andairplanes
Pencil factories made bombparts
Soft-drink companiesstopped filling bottles withcoke and started fillingbombs with gun powder.
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The Sleeping Giant is Awoken
Prefabricated parts
make the
construction ofships fast!
1 Liberty Ship took4 days to construct
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Labor Effort
Out of the 18
million workers in
war industries, 6
million werewomen.
Women got paid40% less than men
in the same jobs.
2 Million wereAfrican-Americans
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Roosevelt Backs Down
A. Philip Randolph, aleading African-
American labor leader
organized a march onWashington to protest
discrimination in war
industries.
We loyal ColoredAmericans demandthe right to work and
fight for our country.
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Mobilization of Scientists
Office of Scientific
Research and
Development(OSRD)
Penicillin
DDT
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The Manhattan Project
National Committee
on Uranium
Einstein 3-5 yearsto produce an
atomic bomb.
Offices were
located in NYC
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Internment of Japanese Americans
Presidential Order9066: All persons of
Japanese ancestrymust be relocated
to US InternmentCamps throughout
the US.
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The Government Takes Control of the Economy
Agencies and Laws What the Regulations Did
National War Labor Board (NWLB) Limited wage increasesAllowed negotiated benefits such as paid vacations,pensions, and medical insurance.Kept unions stable by forbidding workers to changeunions.
Office of Price Administration (OPA) Fought inflation by freezing wages, prices, and rents.Rationed foods such as meat, butter, cheese,vegetables, sugar, and coffee.
War Production Board (WPB) Rationed fuel and materials vital to the war effort suchas gasoline, heating oil, metals, rubber, and plastics.
Department of the Treasury Issued war bonds to raise money for the war effort andto fight inflation.
Revenue Act of 1942 Raised the top personal-income-tax rate to 90%Added lower- and middle-income Americans to theincome tax rolls.
Smith-Connally Labor Disputes Act (1943) Limited the right to strike in industries crucial to the wareffort.
Gave the president power to take over striking plants.