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Modeling Physical Processes for theHuron – Erie Corridor
Rob Nairn, Ph.D., P.Eng.Baird & Associates
Oct 17, 2005
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Detroit River Bed Erosion
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Profile D - Detroit River
-13
-12
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-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
050100150200250300350400450500550600650700
Distance along Profile (m)
Dep
th (m
) IG
LD 8
5
Profile D 2000 Data
Profile D 1925 Data
Left Bank (south)Right Bank (north)
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Natural condition
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Reverse flow in Detroit River
Reverse flow in the Detroit
River
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Lake St. Clair and Its Connections
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Spatial/Temporal Scale of RepresentationSmall scale processes?
Eddies at confluences and bays2D or 3D?
Simulation of plumes from rivers and outfallsEddies in the river
Long-term or short-termLong-term for morphologic and ecologic models
One model or linked models?Wave driven processes or not?What are the key ecological processes of interest?
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Existing Models
RMA2
MISED
CH3D-SEDMISED
POM
POMPOM
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Existing Models RMA2 – USACE/EC/USGS
2D model, FE, 1970s vintage, public domainCovers full system, hydrodynamics, can be basis for particle tracking but not linked sediment/morphologySED2D is sediment module (sand only), not directly linked
POM - U of Mich, NOAA, many others2D model, FD, on Lake St. Clair, public domain, UM2D model (possibly 3D), on Lake Erie, GLERLHas sediment and ecological models, 1970sNot suited to rivers but there is ECOMSED, now public domain (good sediment/morphology but 2D)
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Existing Models CH3DSed – U of Windsor (U of FL, USACE, U of Iowa)
3D model of Detroit River, hydrodynamics and particle tracking (has morphologic component)Sediment transport only for sand1980s vintage, FD curvilinear
MISED – Baird in-house late 1990s vintage, FE, 3D, unconditionally stableTime steps 10-20x greater (or more) than other models Sediment (sand and silt/clay), morphologicSetup for parts of St. Clair and DetroitParticles tracking – settling velocity and vectors - fish
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Other Models EFDC (USEPA)
3D, FE, sand/clay, morphologic, early 1980sLinks to WASP for water qualityPublic domain (set up for lower Clinton River)
MIKE3 (DHI)FE and FM (Flexible Mesh version), 2D and 3DSediment and some morphologicFully coupled to a water quality/ecologic model (contaminants, eutrophication, zebra mussels, etc)Ecologic model can be customizedNow setup for Lake SimcoeCommercial and expensive, but for good reason
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Other Models DELFT3D (Delft Hydraulics)
3D, FD curvilinear, sand/clay, morphologic, mid-1990sExcellent morphologicSome ecologic functionsCommercial and expensive for good reason
TELEMAC (LNH/Sogreah, France)FE, 3D, hydrodynamic, limited sediment capabilities, no ecological functions (this may be changing)Probably the only 3D hydrodynamic model specifically developed for riversCommercial and expensive for good reason
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Options for the Huron-Erie Corridor
RMA2 throughout2D only, not suitable for long-term runs, limited sediment transport, no ecologic
RMA2 linked to POM models on Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie
2D only, linked model would not be suitable for dynamic conditions – steady state only
CH3D, MISED, EFDC, MIKE3, DELFT3D, TELEMAC
3D, Requires setup and testing, only MISED suitable for long-term runs, some have ecologic functions
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Other Recommendations
Excellent visualization is essential:Compare measurements to modelUnderstand the system – spatially (in 3D) and temporallyHighlight any model limitationsPhysical and biophysical interactions
Develop a new model or customize an existing one?
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Model Selection Phase – The Key to a Successful Project
Define objectives, constraintsSelect the most appropriate model
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Model Selection Phase – Defining Objectives and Constraints – by Users
Define and prioritize the key physical and biological processes to be simulatedDefine what you hope to learnDefine the timeline for model development and testing (include time for interactive testing –model will guide data collection)Define the budget and cash flow for model implementationAttempt to define the ultimate user(s) and their capabilities
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Model Selection – by the Model Experts
Model functionality – does it meet objectivesUser friendlinessAbility to customize (access to code)Purchase cost and development costTrack record (robustness/reliability/accuracy)Model limitations vis a vis requirementsTechnical support for the model
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Lake Lake Simcoe Simcoe and Its Watershedsand Its Watersheds
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Model SetupModel Setup900mX900m grid size (horiz)1 m grid size (vert)22 Inflows8 month simulation period (April – Nov)
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Thermocline Thermocline DevelopmentDevelopment
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Lake Level CalibrationLake Levels at Jackson gage
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1/01/02 1/31/02 3/02/02 4/01/02 5/01/02 5/31/02 6/30/02 7/30/02 8/29/02 9/28/02 10/28/02 11/27/02 12/27/02
Date/Time
Wat
er L
evel
(m, C
hart
Dat
um))
MeasuredModeled
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Temperature Calibration (intakes)Temperature Calibration (intakes)Sutton Intake
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5.0
10.0
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25.0
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1/1/02 1/31/02 3/2/02 4/1/02 5/1/02 5/31/02 6/30/02 7/30/02 8/29/02 9/28/02 10/28/02 11/27/02 12/27/02
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
Measured
Modeled
Beaverton Intake
0.0
5.0
10.0
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25.0
30.0
1/1/02 1/31/02 3/2/02 4/1/02 5/1/02 5/31/02 6/30/02 7/30/02 8/29/02 9/28/02 10/28/02 11/27/02 12/27/02
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
Measured
Modeled
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K45
E51
S15
June 10th, 2002
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35
404 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Temperature (oC)
Dep
th (m
)
Field Data Model Data
Temperature Calibration Temperature Calibration Station K45Station K45
July 28th, 2002
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404 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Temperature (oC)
Dep
th (m
)
Field Data Model Data
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June 10th, 2002
0
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35
404 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Temperature (oC)
Dep
th (m
)
Field Data Model Data
Temperature Calibration Temperature Calibration Station S15Station S15
K45
E51
S15
July 28th, 2002
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
404 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Temperature (oC)
Dep
th (m
)
Field Data Model Data
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Particle Tracking for Fish Migration
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Upper St. Clair River
HydrodynamicsSediment transportBed changeκ−ε turbulence closureVery fine grids (2 m near black river mouth)Large time step (60sec.)High flow condition ( >2 m/s)
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-0.50
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1.75
2.00
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Distance (m)
Velo
city
(m/s
)
Measured ADCP Data
Run 5 Modeled Data
Flow Profile Calibration at Point A on Cross-Section 17
(13645370, 542353)
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2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.000 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
Flow Velocity (m/s)
Dep
th (m
)
ComputedMeasuredMeasuredMeasured
Flow Direction Profile at Point A on Cross-Section 17(13645370, 542353)
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2.00
4.00
6.00
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12.000 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Flow Direction (Degree to East)
Dep
th (m
)
ComputedMeasuredMeasuredMeasured
Flow Velocity Profile at Point B on Cross-Section 17(13644681, 542455)
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12.000 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
Flow Velocity (m/s)D
epth
(m)
ComputedMeasuredMeasuredMeasured
Flow Direction Profile at Point B on Cross-Section 17(13644681, 542455)
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.000 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Flow Direction (Degree to East)
Dept
h (m
)
ComputedMeasuredMeasuredMeasured
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Highlights of the Application
MIKE21/MIKE3 failed to reproduce the circulation at the return channel of basinMISED reproduced unstable eddies immediately upstream of Black River Mouth under steady flow conditionAgree well with USGS ADCP measurement and physical model results
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MISED Model
Physical Model
Black River Upstream of the St. Clair River
Upstream of the St. Clair River
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Modeling Challenges in Lake St. Clair Drainage System
Small rivers vs. large lakesRequire fine grid in rivers and large grids in lakes
Instantaneous dynamics vs. chronic physical process
Reverse flow caused by storm surgesLong-term process for morphological change and lake eutrophicationRequire high performance model
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MISED – Baird in-house model
3D model for hydrodynamic, sediment transport, and morphological simulations in rivers, lakes, and coastal areas.High performance and high accuracy benefited by using new numerical method
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Modeling Capabilities
FLOW MODULE
Generic TransportModule
SEDIMENT TRANSPORT
MODULE
TURBULENCEMODULE
TEMPERATUREMODULE
SALINITY MODULE
MORPHOLOGICALMODULE
MeteorologicalModel Inputs
Density
Eddy Viscosity
Wave Model Inputs
Bed Change
Turbulence
Density Driven Flow and Stratification
Morphological Change Feedback
Baroclinic andbarotropic impacts
Wind drag