Modul pembelajaran MCTS Chapter 13

7/23/2019 Modul pembelajaran MCTS Chapter 13

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MCTS Guide to Configuring

Microsoft Windows Server 2008

Active Directory

Chapter 13: Server Management andMonitoring



MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 2

Objectives

2

• Perform Active Directory maintenance tass

• Monitor an Active Directory environment

• Mana!e a Server Core insta""ation

• #se severa" command$"ine too"s to mana!e a

Windows Server 2008 environment




Windows Server %ac&' and (estore

• Windows Server %ac&' is new in Windows Server 2008

and s&'ersedes )T%ac&'*e+e

• M&st be insta""ed wit, Server Mana!er

• Some feat&res and "imitations - %ac&'s can be r&n man&a""y or sc,ed&"ed wit, Tas Sc,ed&"er

- Se'arate fi"es or fo"ders can.t be baced &'/ yo& can on"y c,oose

w,ic, vo"&mes to bac&'

- Sc,ed&"ed bac&'s re&ire a dedicated fi+ed or removab"e dis as t,e

bac&' destination w,en yo&.re &sin! Windows Server %ac&'

• Se"ect one of t,e fo""owin! o'tions1 - A"ways 'erform f&"" bac&'

- A"ways 'erform incrementa" bac&'

- C&stom




Windows Server %ac&' and (estore

cont*3




Creatin! Sc,ed&"ed %ac&'s

• Sc,ed&"ed bac&'s !ive yo& t,e f"e+ibi"ity to r&n a

bac&' at a 'artic&"ar time of t,e day/ once 'er

day/ or m&"ti'"e times 'er day

• %efore &sin! t,e %ac&' Sc,ed&"e Wi4ard/ now1 - W,at do yo& want to bac&'5

- W,en and ,ow often s,o&"d t,e bac&' occ&r5

- W,ere wi"" bac&'s be stored5




Creatin! Sc,ed&"ed %ac&'s cont*3




Data (ecovery

• 6o& can recover fi"es and fo"ders/ t,e system state/

Active Directory/ or t,e entire server from a bac&'

• Windows Server %ac&' can recover on"y fi"es/

fo"ders/ and vo"&mes• Command$"ine &ti"ities &sed for more com'"ete

recovery

• To start t,e recovery 'rocess/ c"ic recover in t,e

Actions 'ane of Windows Server %ac&'




Data (ecovery cont*3




Data (ecovery cont*3




%ac&' and (estore from t,e Command

7ine

• Windows Server %ac&' ,as "ess f"e+ibi"ity t,an its

command "ine e&iva"ent &ti"ities

• Wbadmin*e+e can 'erform a"" tass avai"ab"e in

Windows Server %ac&'/ and more1 - Perform a system state bac&'

- (ecover t,e system state

- De"ete a system state bac&'

- (estore or de"ete a bac&' cata"o!• Most tass wit, Wbadmin re&ire yo& to be a

member of t,e %ac&' O'erators or Administrators

!ro&'




Perform a System (ecovery

• f f&"" recovery is necessary/ yo& need t,e Windows

Server 2008 insta""ation dis or access to Windows

(ecovery 9nvironment Win(93

• Can be insta""ed on a server.s ,ard drive by'ressin! :8 w,en t,e boot 'rocess starts

• Can a"so be accessed from t,e Windows Server

2008 insta""ation D;D

• 6o& can restore a com'"ete bac&' from a "oca" or

removab"e dis or a networ "ocation




Active Directory %ac&' and (estoration

• Active Directory is baced &' w,en yo& 'erform a f&""

bac&' of a domain contro""er or w,en yo& bac &' t,e

vo"&mes containin! system recovery information

• (estoration can be a&t,oritative or nona&t,oritative

• )ona&t,oritative restore restores t,e Active Directory

database/ or 'ortions of it/ and a""ows it to be &'dated

t,ro&!, re'"ication* (e&ires a restart into Domain Services

(estore Mode DS(M3

• A&t,oritative restore ens&res t,at restored objects aren.toverwritten by c,an!es from ot,er domain contro""ers

t,ro&!, re'"ication




Active Directory %ac&' and (estoration




Active Directory Defra!mentation

• Active Directory database re&ires 'eriodic maintenance in

t,e form of defra!mentation and com'action

• On"ine defra!menation occ&rs w,en !arba!e co""ection is

'erformed

• Objects t,at ,ave been de"eted for more t,an <80 days are

removed by !arba!e co""ection

• Object mared for remova" after a 'eriod of time ,as been

=tombstoned>

• On"ine defra!mentation removes de"eted objects b&t doesn.tcom'act t,e database

• Off"ine defra!mentation com'acts t,e database

• Com'action is 'erformed wit, t,e )tds&ti" 'ro!ram




Active Directory Monitorin!

• Windows Server 2008 'rovides too"s to mana!e

and monitor server o'eration and reso&rces/

inc"&din! t,e fo""owin!1

- 9vent ;iewer - Tas Mana!er

- (e"iabi"ity and Performance Monitor

- Windows Server (eso&rce Mana!er




9vent ;iewer

• #sed to e+amine event "o! entries !enerated by

system services and a''"ications

• 9vents cate!ori4ed by "eve"s1

- nformation• ndicated by b"&e i in a w,ite circ"e

- Warnin!

• ndicated by a b"ac ! inside a ye""ow trian!"e

- 9rror

• ndicated by a w,ite ! inside a red circ"e

• Se"ectin! an event s,ows more detai"ed

information




9vent ;iewer cont*3




Tas Mana!er

• Provides a sim'"e interface for viewin! t,e 'erformance of aWindows com'&ter

• Started by 'ressin! Ctr" ? a"t ? de"ete and t,en c"icin! =TasMana!er>/ by ri!,t$c"icin! t,e tasbar and c"icin! Tas

mana!er/ or by ty'in! Tasm!r into a command 'rom't• Windows Server 2008 adds t,e Services and (eso&rce

Monitor tabs

• S,ows rea"$time !ra',ica" dis'"ay of1 - CP# &ti"i4ation

- Dis &ti"i4ation - )etwor &ti"i4ation

- Memory &ti"i4ation




Tas Mana!er cont*3




(e"iabi"ity and Performance Monitor

• Consists of a co""ection of too"s

• Can be o'ened from Administrative too"s fo"der or

t,e Dia!nostics node in Server Mana!er

• Contains t,e fo""owin! fo"ders1 - Monitorin! Too"s

- Data Co""ector sets

- (e'orts




Performance Monitor

• #ses co&nters to trac 'erformance of a variety of

objects

• A co&nter is a va"&e re'resentin! some as'ect of

an object.s 'erformance• Co&nters e+ist for virt&a""y every ,ardware and OS

com'onent on a server

• Performance monitor can trac co&nters wit, a "ine

!ra',/ ,isto!ram/ or as raw data saved to a re'ort

• Can dis'"ay co&nters in rea" time or from a saved

"o! fi"e




Performance Monitor cont*3




Co""ectin! %ase"ine Performance Data

• #sin! rea"$time monitorin! can be diffic&"t since

t,ere is no 'oint of reference/ or base"ine/ for

com'arin! data

• To create a base"ine/ yo& create a data co""ectorset t,at s'ecifies t,e 'erformance co&nters yo&

want to co""ect

• Performance monitorin! &ses system reso&rces

• Monitorin! remote"y can red&ce t,e strain on a

system




Co""ectin! %ase"ine Performance Data

cont*3




Data Co""ector Sets

• A data co""ector set can contain a variety of ty'es of

information1 - Performance co&nters

-Co&nter a"erts

- 9vent traces

- System confi!&ration

• Common &se is to create a base"ine

• Predefined data co""ector sets can be r&n as t,eyare or &sed as tem'"ates to create &ser$defined

data co""ector sets




(e'orts

• (e'orts fo"der contains re'orts !enerated from

data co""ector sets

• #ser Defined s&bfo"der contains re'orts !enerated

by &ser$defined data co""ector sets• System s&bfo"der contains fo"ders for eac, system

data co""ector set

• After a data co""ector set r&ns/ a re'ort is !enerated

a&tomatica""y and '"aced in a fo"der wit, t,e nameof t,e data co""ector set




(e'orts cont*3




(e"iabi"ity Monitor

• Tracs system c,an!es and "o!s a variety of ,ardware andsoftware fai"&res

• C,an!es are indicated on a time"ine !ra',

• Can trac ,ow stab"e @ re"iab"e yo&r system ,as been over a

'eriod of time• cons t,at indicate fai"&re/ information/ or warnin! are t,e

same as t,ose in 9vent ;iewer

• (e"iabi"ity monitor tracs five event ty'es1 - Software #n3nsta""

- A''"ication fai"&res

- ardware fai"&res

- Windows fai"&res

- Misce""aneo&s fai"&res




(e"iabi"ity Monitor cont*3




Windows System (eso&rce Mana!er

• e"'s yo& mana!e 'rocessor and memory

reso&rce on ,eavi"y &sed systems

• Can fine t&ne reso&rce &se so t,at eac, 'rocess

,as an e&a" s,are of reso&rces• WS(M inc"&des t,e fo""owin! feat&res1

- Preconfi!&red and c&stom 'o"icies

- Po"icies based on ca"endar r&"es

- A&tomatic 'o"icy a''"ication - (eso&rce monitorin! data




Windows System (eso&rce Mana!er

cont*3




WS(M Mana!ement Po"icies

• WS(M is desi!ned to be &sed on m&"ti'&r'ose

servers wit, ,i!, CP# &ti"i4ation

• WS(M doesn.t a''"y CP# &se 'o"icies &nti" tota"

&ti"i4ation reac,es B0• Preconfi!&red WS(M 'o"icies1

- 9&a"PerProcess

- 9&a"Per#ser

- 9&a"PerSA''Poo" - 9&a"PerSession

• Can &se c&stom 'o"icies as we""




Ana"y4in! Active Directory Performance

• To ens&re AD 'erformance/ monitor 'erformance

indicators s&c, as1 - AD DS

- D)S

- (e'"ication

- Active Directory Stora!e




Monitorin! Active Directory (e'"ication

• (e'"ication of Active Directory is critica" to t,e

o'eration of a Windows Server 2008 domain

• T,ree too"s can be &sed to monitor as'ects of

Active Directory re'"ication1 - (e'admin

- (e'"mon

- Dcdia!

• (e'"ication and AD ,ea"t, s,o&"d be verified'roactive"y




Mana!in! Server Core

• Administration of a Server Core insta""ation is done

'rimari"y from t,e command "ine

• Server Core is idea" for virt&a"i4ed insta""s

• Some as'ects of Server Core can be mana!edremote"y &s&a""y MMC3




Common Server Core Confi!&ration Tass

• Tass t,at mi!,t need to be 'erformed1 - Activatin! Windows Server 2008

• S"m!r*vbs -ato

- C,an!in! t,e administrator 'assword

• =net &ser administrator E> - 7ist insta""ed feat&res and ro"es

• Oc"ist

- nsta"" new server ro"es and feat&res• Ocset&'

- Foin a domain• )etdom join computername @domain1domainname

• nsta""ation of AD DS re&ires dc'romo to be r&n in&nattended mode




Common Server Core Confi!&ration Tass

cont*3

• Dc'romo switc,es1 - @re'"icaOr)ewDomain

- @re'"icaDomainD)S)ame

- @ConfirmGC

- @nsta""D)S

- @#ser)ame

- @Password

- @(ebootOnS&ccess

- @SafeModeAdminPassword




Mana!in! Server Core (emote"y

• Some sna'$ins re&ire no additiona" confi!&ration

• Ot,er sna'$ins re&ire reconfi!&ration of vario&sfirewa"" settin!s before yo& can connect

• To a""ow remote mana!ement of Server Core fromany MMC/ ty'e t,e fo""owin!1 - )ets, advfirewa"" firewa"" set r&"e !ro&'H=(emote

Administration> new enab"eHyes

• Sna'$ins t,at may re&ire additiona" confi!&ration1 - Dis mana!ement

- Device mana!er

- PSec Mana!ement

- Windows :irewa"" wit, Advanced Sec&rity




Additiona" Server and Active Directory Too"s

• Additiona" too"s for mana!in! a Windows Server 2008environment1 - %cdedit - Dsac"s - Dsdb&ti"

- Dsm!mt - Dfs&ti" - Dnscmd - cac"s - Servermana!ercmd - Winrs

• Many more additiona" commands e+ist/ for a more com'"etereference/ visit t,e Microsoft Down"oad Web sitewww*microsoft*com@down"oads3 and searc, on =WindowsCommand (eference>




C,a'ter S&mmary

• Active Directory maintenance invo"ves bac&' and restore oft,e server and t,e Active Directory database as we"" asoff"ine maintenance tass

• Windows Server %ac&' enab"es yo& to bac &' entire

servers/ vo"&mes/ and t,e system state• T,e Active Directory database becomes fra!mented over

time* To ens&re 'erformance/ &se on"ine defra!mentationand off"ine defra!mentation

• :o&r too"s are common"y &sed to monitor and fine$t&ne t,e

'erformance and re"iabi"ity of Active Directory and t,e server19vent ;iewer/ Tas Mana!er/ (e"iabi"ity and PerformanceMonitor/ and Windows Server (eso&rce Mana!er



MCTS Wi d S 2008 A ti Di t 41

C,a'ter S&mmary cont*3

• Tas Mana!er and (eso&rce Monitor 'rovide a rea"$time

"oo at ey 'erformance indicators/ s&c, as CP#/ dis/

networ/ and memory &ti"i4ation

• (e"iabi"ity Monitor tracs severa" different system fai"&res

and inc"&des a n&meric indicator of yo&r server.s re"iabi"ity• Server Core ,as a minima" &ser interface and is idea" for

branc, office servers and for virt&a"i4in! servers 'erformin!

'artic&"ar ro"es

• &ndreds of command$"ine too"s are avai"ab"e to mana!e a""as'ects of a Windows Server 2008 environment

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Modul pembelajaran MCTS Chapter 13

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