Gene discovered that activates stem cells for organ regeneration in Planarians AND

Potential new target for antibiotics against E. coli, other bugs

Biology Folding Professor: Lina Martínez

Juan Pablo Ospina SánchezMedicine StudentIII Semester 2014

UPB

INTRODUCTION

Modifying the DNA offers the possibility to predict the functions of a living cell and avoid non wished facts.

Bacterial resistance is a modern problem, this new show us discovering ways to fight with this aged problem.

Organ regeneration will provide efficiency in transplants and the acceptation of this organs.

Gene discovered that activates stem

cells for organ regeneration in

Planarians

July 3rd 2014  

Planarians

A planarian split

lengthwise or crosswise will

regenerate into two separate individuals.

When planarians got cut into pieces,

each piece regenerate the missing parts.

Planarian receive oxygen

and release carbon dioxide by diffusion. 

Gene discovered that activates stem cells for organ regeneration in

Planarians

July 3rd 2014  

Many species across the animal kingdom have the ability to regenerate, but

the mechanisms that connect injuries to stem cell activation and the

production of new tissues are not fully understood. 

“Tissue organizers" that secrete proteins

Protein Notum as a component

of a tissue organizer

needed for regeneration

Gene zic-1 enables stem

cells to regeneration

Gene discovered that activates stem cells for organ regeneration in

Planarians

July 3rd 2014  

Notum inhibit Wnt

signaling

Wnt signaling used in cell-cell

communication

Expression of the Notum protein

required the zic-1

gene

Gene discovered that activates stem

cells for organ regeneration in

PlanariansJuly 3rd 2014

 

Other species

that regenerat

es

Amphibians

 Murphy Roths Large

(mouse)

Gene discovered that activates stem

cells for organ regeneration in

PlanariansJuly 3rd 2014

 •Student comment:

In my opinion finding out the way to activate "tissue organizers" could help in the activation of the regeneration in both tissue and organs, this eventually could help us to think in method of obtaining organs donors where the patients are their own donors making this practice much more quickly and safely to the patient as to come from itself would not occur rejection.

MurJ flips a fatty molecule from one side of a bacterial cell membrane to the other. If that molecule isn't flipped the cell bursts.

E. coli is part of the gram-negative family of bacteria, characterized by having an extra membrane, called the outer membrane, that reduces the chances for a drug to penetrate the cell to kill it.

If we stop Murj from working, the cells will die within 10 minutes -- very quickly," said Natividad Ruiz.

Potential new target for antibiotics against E. coli, other bugs

July 10th 2014

Stop construction of a bacterial cell layer called peptidoglycan the creation of this layer, which consists of sugars and amino acids.

Potential new target for antibiotics against E. coli, other bugs

July 10th 2014

Lipids serve as part of a cell membrane's infrastructure. The mystery protein has been referred to as a flippase because of its function: flipping the lipid.

Scientists lower protein levels by suppressing activation of the genes that make the protein -- which takes time and doesn't necessarily fully eliminate the protein's presence.

Eliminating the protein showed that cells wouldn't make the peptidoglycan layer; and it was demonstrated to be related to other flipping proteins.

Potential new target for antibiotics against E. coli, other bugs

July 10th 2014

Potential new target for antibiotics against E. coli, other bugs

July 10th 2014

Inhibiting the protein is similar

to use an antibiotic who

will kill the protein by not allowing it to

work

Bernhardt's lab used a toxin some cells release that is known to "eat"

the flipped lipid after it appears on the outside of its inner membrane

very little of the target lipid could be detected meaning the lipid was being

flipped and immediately

consumed by the toxin.

When MurJ was inhibited in those cells and the toxin

was added, meaning that the lipid never got flipped because the activity of MurJ

was gone.

Student comment: This research gives us the possibility to

combate the recent antibiotic resistance generated by the mutation of these bacterias and the abuse of antibiotics which leads bacterias to "adjust”

One of the problems of the 21st century is the bacterial resistance generated by the excessive supply of antibiotics, the bacteria create resistance faster than a new antibiotic can be developed

Potential new target for antibiotics against E. coli, other bugs

July 10th 2014

Medical Utility

Accelerate and make safer the organ donation

Accelerate and make safer the organ donation

The induction of "tissue organizers“ will stimulate tissue regeneration

Research on stem cells has focused on their ability to create individual cell types

Medical Utility

Better knowledge and new treatments for diseases

Reduce the number of people waiting for an organ donor

Eliminate resistant bacteria that are of high complexity

Medical Utility

Treatment of other gram-negative bacteria

More effective treatment

High-efficiency at attacking the weak point of resistant bacteria

Revolution in the pharmaceutical bussines by showing a new starting

point

Improve the quality of life of patients and health care

employees

Medical Utility

If the real cure is finally taken out to the light, the

medicine wil be able to progress in the attention and service to get a new

and better ideal of health

[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/07/140703142348.htm] cheked on July 18, 2014, 15:00. “Gene discovered that activates stem cells for organ regeneration in Planarians”

 [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/07/140710141351.htm] cheked on July 18, 2014, 15:30. “Potential new target for antibiotics against E. Coli, other bugs”

REFERENCES

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