Organic MoleculesMolecules of Life

Warm up:

What comes to mind when you hear or see the word organic?

Most “life” molecules have a backbone of carbon.

Carbon can form 4 bonds so many atoms can bond and branch off.

Many molecules are composed mostly of carbon & hydrogen = Hydrocarbons

Organic Molecules

With a partner, determine what kind of bond you see in this illustration

Biomolecules may be made of hundreds to millions of atoms!

Large molecules are built from smaller, repeating units.

Monomer =

Polymer =

Building Blocks

Small molecular units that make up a polymer.

Long chains of monomers.

Monomer & Polymer

Life’s Large Polymers – There are four main groups*Use your notes and the pictures to help you list them.

Carbohydrates

Lipids

ProteinsNucleic Acids

What does the word “organic mean”? List the four categories of organic

molecules?

Warm Up or Exit Ticket:

-Monomer: Monosaccharides

These are simple sugars.

-When you put monosaccharides together, you get: Polysaccharide

CarbohydratesSTRUCTURE: Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon

Starch – energy in plants

Glycogen – energy in animals

Cellulose – structural support in plants

Function of Carbohydrates:

- A key source of energy for cells and the body.

Examples of Carbohydrates:

What is the function of a carbohydrate?

Give 2 food examples of carbohydrates.

Exit ticket

What are the three structural examples of carbohydrates?

Warm up

Starch

Glycogen

Cellulose

Sum it up:

Answer the questions on the starch lab and hand in before leaving class

-Monomers: Glycerol & Fatty Acids

-Polymer: Fat

They are hydrophobic – “water fearing”

Lipids: Fats

Structure

Function: To Store Energy

◦Saturated Fat – all fatty acid chains contain max of hydrogen atoms (all single bonds).

◦Solid at room temperature.

◦Contribute to an unhealthy diet.

Lipid Examples: Saturated Fats

Unsaturated Fats – contain less than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in the fatty acid chains.

Liquid at room temp.

Healthier choice.

Lipid Examples: Unsaturated Fats

Example: ◦Testosterone (male hormone)◦Estrogen (female hormone)◦Cholesterol

Lipid Examples: Steroids

STRUCTURE Made of Amino Acids

FunctionBuilding blocks for parts of the body

Examples◦Body Structures: Hair, Fur, Nails, Muscle.◦Long Term Nutrient Storage.◦Body Defense – Receptors on Cells ◦Control Chemical Reactions

Proteins

Watch enzyme animations: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTUm-75

-PL4&feature=related

Let’s Watch!

Protein Examples: Enzymes Used to speed up chemical reactions in a cell.

(lowers the amount of energy needed)

End in “ase”◦ Protease breaks down proteins◦ Lipase breaks down fats

Enzymes are catalysts:◦ Speeds up reaction, can be used over and over

again. The reaction does not change it (like a key!)

Acts on a substrate: ◦ The substance that is changed during the reaction.

An enzyme lowers the energy needed so that the reaction can work at normal cell temperatures

How an Enzyme Works: Shape of an enzyme only fits particular molecules (substrate)

Active site → where the substrate fits

How an Enzyme Works

Cut the two different colors of paper into interlocking puzzle pieces.

Label one color ENZYME (Amylase) Label the other SUBSTRATE (Cracker) On the enzyme, label the point at which the

it locks into the substrate = ACTIVE SITE Cut out a small chunk of paper out of the

substrate where it touches the active site of the enzyme. Label the little piece = e-

At point of missing e-, cut the substrate in half.

Push the enzyme into the substrate to split the products!

Enzyme Model

1. What is being broken down?

2. Where the two parts meet?

3. What is doing the breaking?

4. What three things affect how well an enzymatic reactions occurs?

Visualize that our classroom is now a cell, and you are either an enzyme (key) or a substance to be broken down called a substrate (lock).

Quick Write: How does this activity help to represent the role of enzymes?

-What does the lock represent? -What does the key represent? -Where is the active site? _What is the general steps that occur when

a substrate is broken down by an enzyme?

Role Play!