samecniero dialeqtologiuri sesia gaixsneba 2008 wlis

14 noembers, 10:30 saaTze, axalcixis saxelmwifo institutSi

(rusTavelis q. # 106).

r e g l a m e n t i

momxsenebels _ 10 wuTi

msJeloba gaimarTeba moxsenebaTa mosmenis Semdeg

redaqtori: mmmmeraberaberaberab Cu Cu Cu Cuxuaxuaxuaxua

©arn. Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis instituti

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14 14 14 14 nonononoemememembebebeberiririri, 10101010::::30 30 30 30 sasasasaaaaaTiTiTiTi sesesesesisisisiis gais gais gais gaxsna xsna xsna xsna (saaqto darbazi)

mimimimisalsalsalsalmemememebabababa, axalcixis saxelmwifo institutis reqtori

T . g e l a S v i l i

SeSeSeSesasasasavavavavalililili sitKva sitKva sitKva sitKva, arn. Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis institutis

direqtori l. e z u g b a i a

I seqI seqI seqI seqcia cia cia cia 11 11 11 11 sasasasaaaaaTiTiTiTi sxdomis TavmJdomare: TTTT. . . . uTuruTuruTuruTurgagagagaiiiiZeZeZeZe

1. l. e z u g b a i a, nasaxelari zmnebis warmoeba megrulSi 2. d. m e l i q i S v i l i, piris niSanTa funqciuri cxrili

qarTuli saliteraturo enisa da dialeqtebisaTvis 3. m. b e r i Z e, erTi zmnuri formis Sesaxeb samcxis topo-

nimiaSi 4. m. s u x i S v i l i, organuli da araorganuli kuTvnile-

bis gamoxatvisaTvis saSuali gvaris zmnebTan qarTvelur enebSi

5. T. u T u r g a i Z e, m. m a n J g a l a Z e, nulovani alomor-febi qarTul zmnaSi

6. l. S a l v a S v i l i, zmnis piris niSanTa sakiTxisaTvis qiziKurSi sagazeTo masalis mixedviT

7. d. a n f i m i a d i, zmna, rogorc asimetriuli semiotiku-ri niSani

IIIIIIII seq seq seq seqcia cia cia cia 11 11 11 11 sasasasaaaaaTiTiTiTi

sxdomis TavmJdomare: mmmm. . . . CuxuaCuxuaCuxuaCuxua

1. T. v a S a k i Z e, relatiur-gardamavalzmnian SesitKvebaTa

sintaqsuri meqanizmi aGmosavleT saqarTvelos baris dia-leqtebis (qarTluri, kaxuri) mixedviT

2. m. q u r d i a n i, saerTo-qarTveluri zmna da qarTvelur enaTa zmnis sistemebis istoriis arsebiTi sakiTxebis in-

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duqciuri da deduqciuri interpretaciebi istoriul-SedarebiTi meTodis TvalsazrisiT

3. T. m a x a r o b l i Z e, pirianoba da valentoba qarTulSi 4. r. S e r o z i a, zogi axali warmoebisaTvis megrul metKve-

lebaSi 5. m. q a m a d a Z e, zmnuri saxelebisagan momdinare toponime-

bi ayaraSi 6. n. g e l d i a S v i l i, zmnaTa dialeqturi formebi XII-

XVIII saukuneebis samarTlis ZeglTa enaSi 7. m. C u x u a, vnebiTi gvaris sufiqsaciis problemisaTvis

qarTvelur enebSi

14 14 14 14 nonononoemememembebebeberiririri, I seqI seqI seqI seqcia cia cia cia 15151515 sa sa sa saaaaaTiTiTiTi

sxdomis TavmJdomare: vvvv. . . . SengeliaSengeliaSengeliaSengelia

1. v. S e n g e l i a, piris niSanTa fonetikuri cvlilebis

tipologiisaTvis qarTvelur da afxazur-Cerqezul eneb-Si

2. m. r o b a q i Z e, zogierTi struqturuli msgavsebis Sesa-xeb qarTuli da somxuri enebis zmnis sistemaSi

3. S. f u t k a r a Z e, nasaxelari zmnebi imerxeulSi 4. S. g a b e s k i r i a, `vefxistKaosnis~ zmnaTa zogi Tavise-

burebisaTvis 5. m. x a x u t a i S v i l i, zmnis zogierTi Tavisebureba qo-

buleTur kilokavSi (muhaJirTa STamomavlebis metKvele-bis mixedviT)

6. r. s a G i n a Z e, zmnuri imerizmebi 7. T. b u r y u l a Z e, pirdapiri obieqtis ricxvis gamoxat-

vis Tavisebureba saSuali qarTulis werilobiT ZeglebSi

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IIIIIIII seq seq seq seqcia cia cia cia 15151515 sa sa sa saaaaaTiTiTiTi

sxdomis TavmJdomare: gggg. . . . gogolaSviligogolaSviligogolaSviligogolaSvili

1. g. g o g o l a S v i l i, qarTuli enis dro-kiloTa sistema da mTis kiloTa monacemebi

2. c. k v a n t a l i a n i, zmniswinisa da Temis niSanTa monac-vleobis sakiTxisaTvis qvemoimerulSi (`Sinamrewvelobis masalebis~ mixedviT)

3. T. l o m T a Z e, Temis niSanTa gamoKenebasTan dakavSirebu-li Taviseburebebi quTaisur metKvelebaSi

4. e. g a z d e l i a n i, erTi kompozitis struqturul-seman-tikuri analizisaTvis svanuri enis zmnur formebSi

5. n. x a x i a S v i l i, erTi zmnuri da saxeluri Ziris urTi-erTmimarTebisaTvis

6. n. c e c x l a Z e, d. a x v l e d i a n i, zogierTi saerTo-qar-Tveluri sufiqsi ayarulSi

7. m. g o d u a Z e, grZnoba-aGqmis aGmniSvnel zmnaTa struq-turis zogierTi sakiTxi

15 15 15 15 nonononoemememembebebeberi ri ri ri I seqI seqI seqI seqciaciaciacia,,,, 11 11 11 11 sasasasaaaaaTiTiTiTi

sxdomis TavmJdomare: mmmm. . . . beriZe beriZe beriZe beriZe

1. r. y i k a Z e, zmnis dro-kiloTa da drois zmnizedis ur-

TierTmimarTebebis sakiTxisaTvis (kaxuri dialeqtis teq-stebis mixedviT)

2. q. m a r g i a n i - s u b a r i, TurmeobiTTa warmoeba enguri-sa da kodoris xeobaTa mosaxleobis metKvelebaSi

3. n. y o x o n e l i Z e, martivi fuZegaorkecebuli kompozi-tebi garekaxurSi (sarTiyaluri garekaxuri Tqmis mixed-viT)

4. n. J o r b e n a Z e, saSuali gvaris zmnebi qarTuli enis di-aleqtebSi

5. r. i o s e l i a n i, kvlav modaluri formebisaTvis svanur-Si

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6. m. C a C a n i Z e, m. c i s k a r i S v l i, preverbisa da aspeq-tis urTierTmimarTebisaTvis qarTulsa da bacburSi

7. r. y k a d u a, erTi tipis statikur zmnaTa warmoebisaTvis svanurSi

8. e. f u t k a r a Z e, qona-Kolis gamomxatveli mediopasiuri zmnebi saSual qarTulsa da dialeqtebSi

IIIIIIII seq seq seq seqcia cia cia cia 11 11 11 11 sasasasaaaaaTiTiTiTi

sxdomis TavmJdomare: dddd. . . . memememelilililiqiSqiSqiSqiSvivivivili li li li

1. m. s a G l i a n i, subieqturi da obieqturi wKobis zmnaTa

uGlebis nimuSebi svanurSi 2. n. o T i n a S v i l i, moqmedebis aGmniSvneli toponimebi 3. g. g o g a t i S v i l i, mr. ricxvis SIII piris niSanTa dife-

renciacia da S2O3 ir. obieqturi piris niSnebis iotaci-is procesi fSaurSi

4. n. s a a k a Z e, zmnur formaTa warmoebis Taviseburebani qvemoqarTlurSi

5. l. g i g l e m i a n i, nasaxelar zmnaTa Sesaxeb megrulSi 6. n. S a v r e S i a n i, ramdenime mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelisa

da zmna-Semasmenlis urTierToba svanurSi 7. e. S e n g e l i a, ricxvSi fuZemonacvle zmnebi megrulSi 8. n. n o G a i d e l i, zmnasTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime Ta-

viseburi movlena qobuleTur metKvelebaSi

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d id id id i aaaa n a a nn a a nn a a nn a a n f if if if i m im im im i aaaa d id id id i (Tbilisi)

zmna, rozmna, rozmna, rozmna, rogorc asigorc asigorc asigorc asimetmetmetmetririririuuuuli seli seli seli semimimimiooootitititikukukukuri niri niri niri niSaSaSaSanininini

zmnis, rogorc semiotikuri niSnis, daxasiaTebisas sayiroa gamoviKenoT ramdenimegvari mimarTeba:

1) zmnis erTgvari abstraqtuli modeli, abstraqtuli ka-tegoria, anu platonis eniT rom vTqvaT, zmna, rogorc zogadi idea, zogadi formula.

am formulaSi Casmuli Koveli calkeuli mniSvneloba warmoadgens calkeul niSans, anu zmnis Koveli calkeuli forma iqneba damoukidebeli niSani, romelic gamomdinareobs zmnis abstraqtuli niSnisgan da sxva niSnebs daukavSirdeba rogorc vertikaluri, aseve agreTve horizontaluri mimarTe-bebiT.

2) TiToeuli zmnis Koveli calkeuli kategoria SeiZleba agreTve qveniSnis formiT warmovadginoT, radgan mas eqneba Tavisi sakuTari aGsaniSni da aGmniSvneli.

zmnis, rogorc zogadi niSnis daxasiaTebisas, sayiroa Se-vqmnaT erTgvari formula, zogadi ganmarteba, romelSic CaJde-ba Kvela enis Kvela zmnis Kvela forma, anu es iqneba gvareob-rivi daxasiaTeba zmnisa, rogorc universaluri niSnisa.

gamomdinare iqidan, rom zmnam nebismier enaSi SeiZleba gamoxatos uamravi konteqsturi mniSvneloba, moqmedeba, mdgo-mareoba, grZnoba, aGqma, situacia, da a.S., Cvens zogad defini-ciaSi (imisaTvis, rom CaJdes absoluturad Kvela calkeuli Semadgeneli), zmnas gamozmnas gamozmnas gamozmnas gamovxavxavxavxatavT, rotavT, rotavT, rotavT, rogorc drogorc drogorc drogorc drosa da sivsa da sivsa da sivsa da sivrcercercerceSi Si Si Si fiqfiqfiqfiqsisisisirerererebad mobad mobad mobad movlevlevlevlenas, romnas, romnas, romnas, romlis ganlis ganlis ganlis ganxorxorxorxorcicicicieeeelelelelebabababaSi moSi moSi moSi monanananawiwiwiwileleleleoooo----ben aqben aqben aqben aqtantantantantetetetebibibibi.... zmnis mier gamoxatuli nebismieri Sinaarsi au-cileblad warmoadgens movlenas, xolo zmnis specifikurobas, romelic pirTa monawileobiT ganisazGvreba, aqtantTa roliT warmovadgenT.

eeee. . . . iiii. . . . zmnis abzmnis abzmnis abzmnis abstraqstraqstraqstraqtutututuli mniSli mniSli mniSli mniSvnevnevnevnelolololoba, warmoba, warmoba, warmoba, warmoadadadadgens nigens nigens nigens ni----Sans, saSans, saSans, saSans, sadac aGsadac aGsadac aGsadac aGsaniSniSniSniSni aris moni aris moni aris moni aris movlevlevlevlena, xna, xna, xna, xoooolo aGmniSlo aGmniSlo aGmniSlo aGmniSvnevnevnevneli li li li ---- pirpirpirpirTa moTa moTa moTa monanananawiwiwiwileleleleoooobiT gamobiT gamobiT gamobiT gamoxaxaxaxatutututuli zmnuli zmnuli zmnuli zmnuri forri forri forri formamamama....

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radganac zemoxsenebul definiaciaSi mxolod sintaqtiku-ri wesebia mocemuli, niSnis amgvari interpretacia formalur saxes miiGebs.

3) zmnis dasaxelebul formulaSi konkretuli mniSvnelo-bebis CasmiTa da dakonkretebiT miviGebT calkeul zmnur niS-nebs, sadac aGsaniSni _ movlena danawildeba da ganisazGvreba ufro viwro da konkretuli mniSvnelobebiT da agreTve ufro konkretul formas miiGebs aGmniSvnelic, konkretul zmnur formas Seisxams.

es qveniSani CaJdeba zmnis zogadi definiciis qveS moazre-bul paradigmaSi da horizontaluri mniSvnelobiT daukavSir-deba imave Ziris sxva zmnur formebs.

amamamamdedededenad gamonad gamonad gamonad gamovivivivida, rom arda, rom arda, rom arda, rom arsesesesebobs zobobs zobobs zobobs zogagagagadi zmnudi zmnudi zmnudi zmnuri forri forri forri formumumumu----lalalala da qvez da qvez da qvez da qvezmnurmnurmnurmnuriiii ni ni ni niSanSanSanSanTa sisTa sisTa sisTa sistetetetememememebi, sabi, sabi, sabi, sadac verdac verdac verdac vertitititikakakakalur kolur kolur kolur ko----orororordidididinatnatnatnatTa sibrtKeze ganTa sibrtKeze ganTa sibrtKeze ganTa sibrtKeze ganTavTavTavTavsdesdesdesdeba Koveba Koveba Koveba Koveli calli calli calli calkekekekeuuuuli niSli niSli niSli niSnininini----sasasasaTvis uniTvis uniTvis uniTvis unikakakakalulululuri seri seri seri semanmanmanmantitititikukukukuri mniSri mniSri mniSri mniSvnevnevnevnelolololoba, xoba, xoba, xoba, xolo lo lo lo hohohohoririririzonzonzonzon----tatatatalurlurlurlurze _ zmnis iseze _ zmnis iseze _ zmnis iseze _ zmnis iseTi kaTi kaTi kaTi katetetetegogogogoririririeeeebi, robi, robi, robi, rommmmllllebebebebic Seic Seic Seic SeiZiZiZiZleleleleba ba ba ba sasasasaererererTo iKos sisTo iKos sisTo iKos sisTo iKos sistetetetemis sxvamis sxvamis sxvamis sxvadasdasdasdasxva wevxva wevxva wevxva wevririririsasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis....

m e r a b b e r i Z em e r a b b e r i Z em e r a b b e r i Z em e r a b b e r i Z e (axalcixe)

erTi zmnuri formis Sesaxeb samcxis toponimiaSierTi zmnuri formis Sesaxeb samcxis toponimiaSierTi zmnuri formis Sesaxeb samcxis toponimiaSierTi zmnuri formis Sesaxeb samcxis toponimiaSi

cnobilia, rom adgilis saxelad zmnis piriani forma iSvi-aTad gvxvdeba, xolo rodesac toponimad mainc gvxvdeba zmna, mas gamoecleba zmnuri Sinaarsi da iqceva arsebiT saxelad. aseT zmnur formad migvaCnia sulsulsulsulTmeTmeTmeTmewiawiawiawia.

q. axalcixis samxreTiT da samxreT-aGmosavleTiT aris sof-lebi Greli (Kofili laSixevi) da yayaraqi. maT Soris gadis gza, romelic iwKeba yayayayalilililixexexexevisvisvisvis uravuravuravuravlislislislis wKliswKliswKliswKlis SesarTavTan, amoivlis serebs, Kanebs da dauKveba soflamde. sulTmewiis gaKolebazea sulsulsulsulTmeTmeTmeTmewiiKanewiiKanewiiKanewiiKanebibibibi paraleluri formiT _ susususuoToToToTmemememe----wiwiwiwieeeebibibibi.

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es sitKva ori nawilisagan Sedgeba. pirveli sulis mravlo-biTi ricxvia micemiT brunvaSi, xolo meore _ orpiriani zmna. gzis siZnelis gamo unda Serqmeoda saxeli sulTmewia. fexiT mosiaruleTaTvis susususulislislislis wewewewevavavava daGlasTan asocirdeba.

T e a b u rT e a b u rT e a b u rT e a b u r yyyy uuuu l al al al a Z eZ eZ eZ e (Tbilisi)

pirpirpirpirdadadadapipipipiri obiri obiri obiri obieqeqeqeqtis ritis ritis ritis ricxvis gamocxvis gamocxvis gamocxvis gamoxatxatxatxatvis Tavis Tavis Tavis Tavivivivisesesesebubububurererereba ba ba ba sasasasaSuSuSuSuaaaali qarli qarli qarli qarTuTuTuTulis welis welis welis weririririlolololobiT ZegbiT ZegbiT ZegbiT ZegleblebleblebSi Si Si Si

1. saSuali qarTuli zmnis agebulebiT ZiriTadad Zvel qarTul samwerlobo enas mihKveba. asea piris ricxvis gamoxat-visasac. am mxriv saintereso viTarebaa obieqtTa ricxvis zmna-Si aGniSvnisas. aq gasaTvaliswinebelia ori SemTxveva: 1) roca obieqti iribia; 2) roca obieqti pirdapiria.

iribi obieqtis mravlobiToba zmnaSi ar gamoixateba. Sesa-bamisad, misi mxolobiTisa da mravlobiTis formebi erTnairia. ase iKo Zvel qarTulSic. aseve ar gamoixateba pirdapiri obi-eqtis mravlobiTi ricxvi, roca is micemiT brunvaSi dgas:

`xrmalsa laxvarsa zeda cecxlsa davagzeb da maSigan SenSenSenSen da vivivivisisisisi orTave SeSeSeSegyrigyrigyrigyri~ (visr., gv.99); `me memememefeTfeTfeTfeT aras momomomovaxvaxvaxvax----sssseeeenebnebnebneb~ (amirandar. gv.41); `SeSeSeSeeeeemecmecmecmecnananana xilviTa oden wrfelwrfelwrfelwrfelTaTaTaTa da drkudrkudrkudrkuTaTaTaTa, gugugugularlarlarlarZnilZnilZnilZnilTaTaTaTa da umanumanumanumankokokokoTaTaTaTa, ererererTgulTgulTgulTgulTaTaTaTa da ororororgulgulgulgulTaTaTaTa~ (cx. mef.-mef. Tam. gv. 382); `velvelvelvelTaTaTaTa cremli asovasovasovasovleblebleblebdadadada, TvalTa CemTa monawuri~ (vefx. gv. 194); `iremica warmowarmowarmowarmoududududgigigiginananana wmidaman boboboboloklokloklok----babababasisisisilislislislis da Tanave mumumumuSakSakSakSakTaTaTaTa~ (sasw. wm. giorg. gv. 420)

2. Tu pirdapiri obieqti saxelobiTSi dgas, maSin misi mravlobiToba zmnaSi KovelTvis aGiniSneba enenenen, n n n n sufiqsiT. es movlena dawvrilebiTaa Seswavlili Zvel qarTul enaSi (arn. Ciqobava, i. imnaiSvili, z. sarJvelaZe, n. mari). msgavsi morfo-logiuri movlena axal qarTulSi aGar gvaqvs, magram saSuali qarTulis werilobiT ZeglebSi is iseve mKaradaa gamoxatuli, rogorc ZvelSi. mag.:

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`daimadla mefeman, mimimimiscnascnascnascna laSlaSlaSlaSqarqarqarqarnininini da uCinuCinuCinuCinnananana spaspaspaspasasasasalarlarlarlar----nininini~ ~ ~ ~ (amirandar. gv. 38); `cisaebr mzisa siaxlesa daeSvene, rom-lisa gonebiTa me cnobani wamsvlian~ (visr.gv.142); `ganganganganxvnaxvnaxvnaxvna pa-pa-mamurni sasasasaununununJJJJeeeenininini da gamogamogamogamoKKKKararararnananana oqro auauauaurarararacxelcxelcxelcxelnininini~ (cx.mef.-mef. Tam. gv. 396); `da eseviTarive sakvirvelebiTa mramramramravalvalvalvalnininini gamogamogamogamoixixixixsnnasnnasnnasnna aman wmidaman xelisagan warmarTTaisa~ (sasw. wm. gi-org. gv. 420); `Sermadin erTgan SeSeSeSeKKKKararararnananana xasxasxasxasnininini da dididididedededebubububulelelele----bibibibi~ (vefx. gv. 59); `mogekveTos Tavi da SeSeSeSevavavavayyyyamamamamnenenene xorcxorcxorcxorcnininini Senni ZaGlsa~ (amirandar. gv. 40)

3. zemoT aGniSnuli movlena mxolod nanananaririririaaaanininini mravlobi-TisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, ar dasturdeba msgavsi ram ebiebiebiebiaaaanininini mravlobiTisas. rogorc Cans, es movlena ganpirobebulia Zveli qarTulis mKari wesiT: saxelobiT brunvaSi mdgari saxelis mravlobiToba aGiniSneba zmnaSi, micemiTSi mdgarisa ki _ ara. saSuali qarTulis werilobiTma Zeglebma gviCvena, rom pirda-piri obieqti ricxvis gamoxatvis TavlsazrisiT absoluturad igive suraTi gvaqvs, rogoric Zvel qarTulSi.

S a lS a lS a lS a l v a g av a g av a g av a g a b e sb e sb e sb e s k ik ik ik i r i ar i ar i ar i a (Tbilisi) `ve`ve`ve`vefxistKaosfxistKaosfxistKaosfxistKaosnis~ zmnanis~ zmnanis~ zmnanis~ zmnaTa zoTa zoTa zoTa zogi Tagi Tagi Tagi TavivivivisesesesebubububurerererebisbisbisbisaTvisaTvisaTvisaTvis

1. rusTavelis poemis enis TaviseburebaTa Soris aGsaniS-

navia mimGeobisa da meSveli zmnis saSualebiT miGebuli Semas-menlebis xmareba. amgvari konstruqciebi, romlebic ufro xal-xuri metKvelebisTvis unda KofiliKo damaxasiaTebeli, `ve-fxistKaosnis~ dabali SairiT daweril strofebSi gvxvdeba da poemis gmirTa TxrobisTvisaa niSandoblivi. SemasmenelTa um-ravlesobaSi Jer meSveli zmnaa, Semdeg mimGeoburi komponenti, romelic xSirad riTmis mizniTaa gamoKenebuli. wevrTa Tana-mimdevrobis TvalsazrisiT gamonaklisia meSveli zmnis mx. r. me-3 piri, romelic taepis bolos Sekvecili -a formiT das-turdeba: `...Tvali cremlisa mGvremGvremGvremGvrelialialialia~. `...mefe CemTana mvlemvlemvlemvle----lialialialia~.

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konstruqcia iSviaTad Sinagani riTmis gamoa naxmari: `ma-Sin var mqmnevar mqmnevar mqmnevar mqmnelililili saqmiiiisasasasa, mis Singan mindobiliiiisasasasa.

sxvadasxva gvaris mimGeobebis warmoebaSi produqtulia m-ar-, m-el- cirkumfiqsebi, m- TavsarTi, -il bolosarTi: rig Se-mTxvevaSi zmnebs windebulebic erTvis _ Semo-m-xveweli.

Sedgenil SemasmenelTa umravlesoba pirveli da meore se-riis Sinaarss gadmoscems:

`veGar viqmnebi, gamiSvi, var farmanisa mTxomTxomTxomTxovevevevelililili~ `avTrToldi, avdeg veGara, verGa qve viKavviKavviKavviKav mJdomJdomJdomJdomemememelililili~ `aw raca gkadre, amisTvis nuTu Sen iKoiKoiKoiKo mymumymumymumymunanananavivivivi!~ zog magaliTSi amgvari konstruqcia perfeqtulobis Sina-

arss gadmoscems: var mnavar mnavar mnavar mnaxaxaxaxavivivivi Kovlisave ucxosa da Zvirfasisa. meSveli zmnis uarKofiT mimGeobasa da nawilak verTan xma-

rebas gansxvavebuli Sinaarsi aqvs: `dGes waruwaruwaruwaruvavavavali veli veli veli vera varra varra varra var, miT cecxli sxvaca mwvidesa~ = ar SeiZleba, rom dGes ar wavide. 2. `vefxistKaosanSi~ aris sxvadasxva kategorianakli zmnebi,

romelTa formebi Tavisebur zmnaTa istoriisTvisaa gasaTva-liswinebeli.

a) drodrodrodronaknaknaknaklililili: v_al: `raTgan davrCi, gvagvagvagvalelelele, vnaxoT, Tucave var JerTca

retad~. c: `anu vin mimimimiciscisciscis cocxali, miwasa zeda mtkebneli~ b) pirpirpirpirnaknaknaknaklililili: qux: `igi mogvcems wKalobasa missa, zeciT momomomogvigvigvigviququququxebsxebsxebsxebs~. wvim: `Kola sitKva ar momigo, odencremlTa gagagagardmosrdmosrdmosrdmoswvimwvimwvimwvimdadadada~. g) ricxvnakli: Jd-: `zogJer koSks JdisJdisJdisJdis, zogJer baGCas Camovdis, ra dgis

Crdili~ cxeni momgvares, SeSeSeSecavcavcavcavJeJeJeJe, mefe CemTana mvlelia. d) qceqceqceqcevavavavanaknaknaknaklililili: uban-, bar- `iubiubiubiubnesnesnesnes da gaacxadnes TavisTavad maTni yirni~. `magra uJda ucxos ucxo, ar bageni auauauaubarbarbarbarnananana~. windebul darTul metKvelebis zmnaSi semantikuri dife-

renciacia aris sagulvebeli.

12

`miacorvebs da mimimimiububububnobsnobsnobsnobs, mosTqvams missave lxenasa~. aq m i u b n o b s niSnavs `Tan mGeris~. e) gvarnakli: kvd: Tavs uTxra: `momomomokvkvkvkvddddeeee, giJobso sicocxles augiansa~. zmnaTa zogi Tavisebureba avtoriseuli stilis, Zveli qar-

Tulisa da rusTvelis mSobliuri kilos _ mesxuris safuZ-velze SeiZleba aixsnas.

e l ie l ie l ie l i s as as as a b e db e db e db e d g a g a g a g a z d ez d ez d ez d e l il il il i aaaa n in in in i (Tbilisi)

ererererTi komTi komTi komTi kompopopopozizizizitis struqtis struqtis struqtis struqtutututurulrulrulrul----sesesesemanmanmanmantitititikukukukuriririri anaanaanaanalilililizizizizisasasasaTvis svaTvis svaTvis svaTvis svanunununuri enis zmnur forri enis zmnur forri enis zmnur forri enis zmnur formebmebmebmebSiSiSiSi

axal wels diliT adre oJaxSi modioda, oJaxis mier ken-yisKriT SerCeuli fexbednieri, sikeTiT gamorCeuli mezobeli an axlobeli sxva oJaxidan mmmmˆ̂̂̂----ySxySxySxySx-iiii `mekvle; mmmmˆ̂̂̂-_-iiii moqmedebiTi gvaris mimGeobis mawarmoebeli konfiqsia. -yiSxyiSxyiSxyiSx- `fexi~ Sdr. lCx. memememe-fexfexfexfex-urururur-iiii, memememe-fexfexfexfex-eeee `mekvle~ (a. Glonti). mmmmˆ̂̂̂ySxisySxisySxisySxis er-TerTi ZiriTadi movaleobaa Seasrulos lilililiSiSiSiSi’’’’SiSiSiSi, liSliSliSliS�’�’�’�’SiSiSiSi bz., lilililiSiSiSiSi����SiSiSiSi bq. lnt. liSliSliSliS����SiSiSiSi bq., lilililiSiSiSiSi‰‰‰‰SiSiSiSi lSx. _ mosalocis xelSi micema saaxalwlod (tkbilad dabereba) xelis gaxsna (svan. leq.) _ xelis aSveba, axal wels pirvelad miwodeba ri-same (k. dondua svanur-qarTul-rusuli leqsikoni). b. nijara-Zis leqsikonSi es termini ar Segvxvda, magram mekvle _ mmmmˆ̂̂̂ySxiySxiySxiySxi leqsemasTan meore mniSvnelobad miwerilia mmmmˆ̂̂̂SiSiSiSi‰‰‰‰SiSiSiSi _ поздравитель в новый год (axali wlis mimlocveli). _ xelis ax-sna, axali wlis wesCveuleba (v. bardaveliZe svanur xalxur dGeobaTa kalendari). aqve gvxvdeba am masdaris lilililiSoSSoSSoSSoS����llll vari-antic. xSirad am termins enacvleba SiSiSiSimimimimi liflifliflifSSSS…………dededede _ `xelis axsna~; SiSiSiSimimimimi liclicliclic����didididi `xelis Secvla~, Sdr. yiSyiSyiSyiSxixixixi liflifliflifSSSS…………dededede _ `fexis axsna~ (patarZlis pirvelad miKvana qmris oJaxSi).

lililili-SiSiSiSi----’’’’SiSiSiSi formaSi gamoiKofa lililili- masdaris mawarmoebeli prefiqsi. fuZe Sedgeba -SiSiSiSi- `xeli~ saxelisagan da -’’’’SiSiSiSi < -hhhh����SiSiSiSi _ `msubuqi, mCate, advili~ zedsarTavi saxelisagan. grZelxmov-

13

nian dialeqtebSi masdarisa da zmnis piriani formebis fuZeSi xmovnis sigrZe gauCinarebuli hhhh's kompensaciaa -’’’’SiSiSiSi < -hhhh����SiSiSiSi. SiSiSiSi- gvxvdeba sxva kompozitebis SemadgenlobaSic: SiSiSiSihhhh����riririri/SSSSˆ̂̂̂nhnhnhnh����riririri _ `xelcarieli~; SSSS‹‹‹‹mimimimiberberberber bz., SimSimSimSimberberberber bq. (Si-em-iS-ber) 1. xelis-guli; 2. xelTaTmani. am kompozitebSi SimSimSimSim-/SSSS‹‹‹‹mimimimi- naTesaobiTi br. formebia `xexexexelislislislis~, xolo berberberber zs. `winda~. Sdr. SSSS‹‹‹‹mimimimiguggugguggug lSx. SiSiSiSimimimimi gggg…………igigigig………… lnt. `xelisguli~.

lililili-SiSiSiSi-’’’’SiSiSiSi _ `xelis amsubuqeba~. aGniSnuli kompozitisa-gan iwarmoeba rogorc zmnis piriani formebi sxvadasxva drosa da kiloSi, ise mimGeobebi. -SiSiSiSi-’’’’SiSiSiSi fuZiani zmnis formebi Ziri-Tad droebSi:

bq. bz. awmKo x…aS�Si x…�Si’Si xels vuxsni et.

(vumsubuqeb) uwK. x…aS�S x…�Si’Sdas xels vuxsnidi

(vumsubuqebdi) mKof. oTS�Sisg oTSi’Sn�s xels gavuxsni

(avumsubuqebdi) wKv. oTS�S oTSi’S xeli gavuxseni

(avumsubuqe) Tur. �mSaSa �mSi‰Sa xeli gamixsnia

(amimsubuqebia) am kompozitis Semcvleli zmnebi gamoqveKnebuli teqste-

bidan. uSx…‰r aSiaSiaSiaSi’’’’SixSixSixSix (bz.) _ `erTmaneTs xels umsubuqeben~;

hams CCCC…………aSaSaSaS��������SiSiSiSi Ci (bq. II, 7325) _ `diliT xels aumsubuqebs Kve-las~; aTaTaTaTSiSiSiSi‰‰‰‰SSSS����llll…………nananana Txum mˆSi�Sis (lSx. 17, 11 ars. oniani) `...xeli aamsubuqebino (Tavi) xelis ammsubuqebels (mekvles)~; CCCC…………adaadaadaadaSiSiSiSi����SiSiSiSi TeTrS… (lnt. qr. 292) _ xels aumsubuqebs fu-liT.

mimGeobebi: llll����SiSiSiSi����SiSiSiSi ji lˆmare xarx (bq. II, 725) `xelis asamsubuqebeli (samekvleo) gamzadebuli aqvT~. mmmmˆ̂̂̂SiSiSiSi’’’’SiSiSiSi ��r gve-ra (bz.) `xelis ammsubuqebeli vin gveKoleba~; leleleleSiSiSiSi����SisSisSisSis Si�r xoxla (bq. II, 73, 11) `xelis asamsubuqebels xelebi gawvdili aqvs~. mmmmˆ̂̂̂SiSiSiSi‰‰‰‰SisSisSisSis iTSix xoCa Sie m‰ras (ar. oniani lSx. 17, 19) xelis ammsubuqebels kargi xelis kacs irCeven.

14

moxsenebaSi ganxiluli iqneba aseve gugugugu-xoxoxoxolalalala `gul-cudi~. masdari: lililili-gggg-xolxolxolxol-eeee `wKena~ (etim. gulcudoba) kompoziti zmnis pirian formebSi.

n un un un u nnnn u g e lu g e lu g e lu g e l d id id id i a Sa Sa Sa S v iv iv iv i l il il il i (Telavi) zmnazmnazmnazmnaTa diTa diTa diTa diaaaaleqleqleqleqtutututuri forri forri forri formemememebi XIIbi XIIbi XIIbi XII----XVIII saXVIII saXVIII saXVIII sauuuukukukukuneneneneeeeebis bis bis bis sasasasamarmarmarmarTlis ZeglTlis ZeglTlis ZeglTlis ZeglTa enaTa enaTa enaTa enaSi Si Si Si

Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo ena mtkiced CamoKalibebul

normaTa sistemazea dafuZnebuli, Tumca masSi agreTve sakmaod iZebneba cocxali metKvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli formebi, romelTa odenoba XII saukunidan TandaTan matulobs; kerZod, irGveva dogmaturi enobrivi trafaretebi da gzas ikafavs dia-leqtizmebi, romlebic werilobiT ZeglTa enaSi mniSvnelovan adgils ikaveben. zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, aucilebelia ma-Ti aGnusxva Tu qronologiis dadgena. am TvalsazrisiT anga-riSgasawevia saSuali qarTulis samarTlis ZeglTa ena, radgan igi umetesad cocxal metKvelebas efuZneba da naTlad asaxavs Taviseburebebs; kerZod: saanalizo ZeglTa enaSi mniSvnelovan nairgvarovnebas qmnis zmnis formaTa warmoebasTan dakavSirebu-li nimuSebi:

a) awmKos fuZis sawarmoeblad `avavavav~, `amamamam~ Temis niSnebi xSi-rad Secvlilia `evevevev~, `emememem~ sufiqsebiT: hhhhƒƒƒƒnevnevnevnevdededede, hnahnahnahnaxevxevxevxevdiTdiTdiTdiT, fifififi----cevcevcevcevdesdesdesdes, uzeuzeuzeuzemdemdemdemde...

b) mesame piris mravlobiT ricxvSi xmovnis Semcveli piris niSani iwvevs -avavavav/-amamamam Temis niSanTa xmovniTi elementis reduqci-as: `dadadadagvigvigvigvisaxsaxsaxsaxven, aGTvalven, aGTvalven, aGTvalven, aGTvalnen, danen, danen, danen, daududududgmen, uzagmen, uzagmen, uzagmen, uzamenmenmenmen...

g) zogJer zedmetadaa gaCenili Temis niSani: dadadadaiiiiyiyiyiyiravsravsravsravs, iTiTiTiTvavavavalavslavslavslavs... zogJer ki aris cda erTdroulad ori Temis niSnis gamoKenebisa: SeSeSeSevwivwivwivwirarararaobobobob...

d) Tematur sufiqsTa Tavisebureba samarTlis ZeglTa ena-Si vlindeba am niSanTa monacvleobaSic, rac gaerTferovnebis tendenciiT aixsneba: momomomoararararTomsTomsTomsToms, dadadadaararararqvamsqvamsqvamsqvams, hklehklehklehklevenvenvenven...

15

e) xSirad dasturdeba ved fuZis dialeqturi saxeoba velvelvelvel: wawawawavel, mvel, mvel, mvel, moooovel, mivel, mivel, mivel, miveveveveliTliTliTliT... zogJer dakargulia fuZis bolo Tanxmovani: `mcxeTas momomomoveveveve da makurTxeT~.

v) zogierT SemTxvevaSi namKo ZiriTadi mwkrivis niSani eeee garTulebulia da gvaqvs dialeqturi saxeoba evevevev an evievievievi, rac axasiaTebs kaxurs, qarTlurs, imeruls, mesxur-Javaxurs: dadadada----vawKev, SevawKev, SevawKev, SevawKev, Sevamvamvamvamkev, moiGeviT, dakev, moiGeviT, dakev, moiGeviT, dakev, moiGeviT, davsdevsdevsdevsdeviT, aviGeviTviT, aviGeviTviT, aviGeviTviT, aviGeviT...

z) meore seriis mwkrivebSi vnebiTebTan gamovlindeba in-fiqsiani warmoeba: iKveiKveiKveiKveniT, viKvneT, viKuneT, ganiT, viKvneT, viKuneT, ganiT, viKvneT, viKuneT, ganiT, viKvneT, viKuneT, gaviKareviKareviKareviKareniT, ganiT, ganiT, ganiT, ga----iiiixarxarxarxarJeJeJeJeniTniTniTniT...

T) meore seriaSi xSirad Carulia `vvvv~: ixilixilixilixilvneT, SevneT, SevneT, SevneT, Seunununun----dvnes, midvnes, midvnes, midvnes, mivanvanvanvandven, modven, modven, modven, moiiiiwiwiwiwiveveveveniT, miniT, miniT, miniT, miviviviviwiwiwiwiveveveveniTniTniTniT...

cocxali metKvelebidan momdinare -KeKeKeKe nawilakiani formebi, romlebic XII saukunidan Cndeba werilobiT ZeglebSi da dia-leqturi movlenis naTel asaxvas warmoadgens: eweeweeweeweraKe, uweraKe, uweraKe, uweraKe, uwe----riaKe, gamoriaKe, gamoriaKe, gamoriaKe, gamoCndesKe, hqonCndesKe, hqonCndesKe, hqonCndesKe, hqondesKedesKedesKedesKe...

KuradGebas iqcevs zmnur formebTan zmniswinTa aGmosav-luri dialeqtebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli xmovanSecvlili saxe-obebi: SeSeSeSemamamamamimimimiwiwiwiwiravs, Saravs, Saravs, Saravs, Savivivivides, mades, mades, mades, mainininindodododomemememeben, maben, maben, maben, mamigmigmigmigdiadiadiadia...

amdenad, saanalizo masala is obieqturi realobaa, rome-lic XII-XVIII saukuneTa samarTlis ZeglTa enaSia gamovlenili, rac mniSvnelovania ara mxolod istoriuli dialeqtologiis, aramed, saerTod, enis istoriis srulKofilad warmoCenisaTvis.

l el el el e l a g i gl a g i gl a g i gl a g i g l el el el e m im im im i aaaa n in in in i (Tbilisi) nanananasasasasaxexexexelar zmnalar zmnalar zmnalar zmnaTa SeTa SeTa SeTa Sesasasasaxeb mexeb mexeb mexeb megrulgrulgrulgrulSi Si Si Si

samecniero literaturaSi aGniSnulia, rom nasaxelari

zmnebi megrul-lazurSi gacilebiT metia pirvelad (Zireul) zmnebze (n. mari, i. KifSiZe).

nasaxelar zmnebs moepoveba Kvela is kategoria, rac _ Zi-reul zmnebs, magram am kategoriaTa funqcionireba mainc Tavi-seburia.

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1. saxelTagan iwarmoeba rogorc gardamavali (mag., arCia-lens `aTeTrebs~, amaGalens `amaGlebs~, akoCens `akacebs~...), ise gardauvali (mag., irCielebu `TeTrdeba~, imaGalebu `maGlde-ba~, ikoCebu `kacdeba~...), rogorc dinamikuri (mag., Tinuns `as-worebs~, tKabarans `atKavebs~, aborens `asulelebs~...), ise sta-tikuri (mag., gurens `brazobs~, zedmiw. `gulobs~, qulans `koylobs~, boSens `biyobs~...) zmnebi. magram zogi saxelisagan (mag., dixa `miwa~, bja `mze~, eSalˆ `kibe~) zmnis warmoebis Se-mTxvevebi ar dasturdeba, rac am zmnaTa semantikiT aris gamo-wveuli.

2. nazmnar saxelebSi gamoiKeneba vnebiTi gvaris rogorc iiii- prefiqsiani (mag., iiiisqvamebu `lamazdeba~, iiiiosurebu `qaldeba~, iiiiferu `ifereba~...), ise -dddd sufiqsiani warmoeba; ukanaskneli, qarTulTan SedarebiT, iSviaTia (mag., wkondinddddu `iwmindeba, wkndeba~, mondinddddu `mwifdeba~...).

relatiur vnebiTi gvaris formaTa warmoebis SemTxvevebi bevri araa, Tanac am dros, rogorc wesi, gamoiKeneba, ara sa-kuTriv megrul-lazuri aaaa- prefiqsi, aramed _ nasesxebi pre-fiqsi eeee- (mag., eeeedudebu `uxelmZGvanelebs~, zedmiw. `uTavebs~, eeeegurebu `emduris~, zedmiw. `eguleba~, eeeeuCorebu `uSavdeba~, zedmiw. `eSaveba~...). zogJer paralelurad ixmareba sakuTari da nasesxebi warmoeba (mag., oxeroxeroxeroxerxuxuxuxu º axeraxeraxeraxerxxxxaaaansnsnsns º exerexerexerexerxexexexebubububu `exerxeba~, oZaoZaoZaoZalulululu º eZaeZaeZaeZalelelelebubububu `eZaleba~... exerexerexerexerxexexexebubububu da eZaeZaeZaeZalelelelebubububu nasesxebi formebia, III piris sakuTari -uuuu sufiqsiT gaformebu-li, bunebrivi formebia oxeroxeroxeroxerxuxuxuxu º axeraxeraxeraxerxansxansxansxans da oZaoZaoZaoZalulululu).

3. nasaxelar zmnebs aqvT neitraluri, sasubieqto da sao-bieqto versiis formebi, amasTan, neitraluri versiisaTvis gamoiKeneba rogorc sakuTari oooo-, ise _ nasesxebi a a a a- (Sdr. mag., oooosqiruans `aSrobs~, iiiisqiruans `iSrobs~, uuuusqiruans `uSrobs~ da aaaadidens `adidebs~, iiiididens `ididebs~, uuuudidens `udi-debs~...), magram kauzatiur formebSi gvxvdeba mxolod sakuTa-ri oooo- prefiqsi (mag., oooorCinuans `aberebs~, ooooZmarafuans `aZmare-binebs~, ooooJimolafuans `amarilebinebs~...).

4. saxelTagan nasaxelari zmnebis sawarmoeblad specialu-ri afiqsi TiTqos ar Cans. aseTad SeiZleba miviCnioT -orororor, ro-melic mTel rig saxelur fuZeTagan zmnuri fuZis mawarmoeb-lad SeiZleba miviCnioT, Sdr.: uCa `Savi~ _ auCoooorrrrens `aSavebs~,

17

iuCoooorrrrebu `Savdeba~, yiTa `wiTeli~ _ ayiToooorrrrens `awiTlebs~, iyiToooorrrrebu `wiTldeba~, yiye `patara~ _ ayiyoooorrrrens `apatara-vebs~, iyiyoooorrrrebu `pataravdeba~; kunta `mokle~ _ akuntoooorrrrens `amoklebs~, ikuntoooorrrrebu `mokldeba~; girZe `grZeli~ _ agirZoooo----rrrrens `agrZelebs~, igirZoooorrrrebu `grZeldeba~; Sxu `msxvili~ _ aSxuoooorrrrens `amsxvilebs~, iSxuoooorrrrebu `msxvildeba~; yife `wvri-li~ _ ayifoooorrrrens `awvrilebs~, iyifoooorrrrebu `wvrildeba~; winda `yuyKi~ _ awindoooorrrrens `ayuyKianebs~, iwindoooorrrrebu `yuyKiandeba~...

Tu Cveni mosazreba sworia, ar aris gamoricxuli mazmnave-beli -orororor sufiqsi etimologiurad oreoreoreore `aris~ zmnis fuZiseul -orororor elements ukavSirdebodes.

g ug ug ug u b a z g ob a z g ob a z g ob a z g o g ag ag ag a t i St i St i St i S v iv iv iv i l il il il i (Tbilisi) mrmrmrmr. . . . riririricxvis cxvis cxvis cxvis SIII pi pi pi piris niris niris niris niSanSanSanSanTa diTa diTa diTa difefefeferenrenrenrenciciciciaaaacia da cia da cia da cia da S2O3 iriririr. . . . obiobiobiobieqeqeqeqtutututuri piri piri piri piris niSris niSris niSris niSnenenenebis iobis iobis iobis iotatatataciciciciis prois prois prois procecececesi si si si fSafSafSafSaururururSiSiSiSi

xevsureTis momiJnave ukana fSavelTa metKvelebisaTvis da-

maxasiaTebel SIII piris _ en (-es) bolosarTs samxreTi mimarTu-lebiT, aragvis qvemo welSi, qarTlis momiJnave soflebis mkvidrTa metKvelebaSi mzardi intensiurobiT enacvleba sali-teraturo qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli _ nen daboloeba.

Zveli qarTulis msgavsad, xevsurulisaTvis ~mesame piris mravlobiTi ricxvis aGmniSvneli daboloeba, awmKosa da mKofads garda, aris Kvelgan da KovelTvis _ es~ (a. SaniZe, a. yinyarauli). dGevandel fSaur dialeqtSi es movlena, mar-Talia, ar gvxvdeba ~Kvelgan da KovelTvis~, Tumca, unda aGiniSnos, rom ukana fSavelTa metKvelebaSi sakmaod aris ga-batonebuli mravlobiTobis gamoxatva SIII pirSi _ es sufiqsis saSualebiT da zogan sistemuri xasiaTic aqvs (sof. uZilaur-Ta, cabaurTa, vakisofeli, gogolaurTa, maTura, aƒadi...). ukana fSavi am izomorfisasaTvis ZiriTad arealad unda miviCnioT.

18

subieqtis mravlobiTobis aGsaniSnavad arqauli normis mi-xedviT III piris zmnebSi _ en-is nacvlad _ es sufiqsi gvxvdeba uwKvetelsa da gardauval zmnaTa wKvetilSi (gardauv.: balGeb iKvnes; qisteb wavides, gamascildes,... ver meewivnes bewiniasa. mibrundes isriva... gaiares, ga�scildes; fSavlebi gadavides da daificnes; mZlivac deeswvrnes; aƒadis gors ameefarnes; Tavad ki daiqcnes; zogebi win Casxdes; axal-uxleb vinam iKvnes (s. mu-qo); mexatobeb iKvnes (s. gogolaurTa); Sdr. aseve: icodes, ga-meefarnes... gardam.: maymevdes, da�hkravdes, ma�Syrides... -es formanti, Cveni azriT, xevsurulis msgavsad, Tavdapirvelia da ZiriTadi. igi, rogorc amas aGniSnavs iv. imnaiSvili, ~Zveli qarTulidan momdinareobs~ da -es sufiqsi zogJer III seriaSic enacvleba -en-s: balGeb iKvnes, aKriliKvnes, damTvraliKvnen da gada�dgomniKvnes. e balGeb aKriliKvnes vaSlzeda (s. uZilaur-Ta). saerTod ki, orive warmoeba Tanabari uflebiT sargeb-lobs da xSirad erTsa da imave winadadebaSic ki Tavisuflad enacvlebian erTmaneTs: mexatobebi iKvnen, imeebm mogvces, Cvene-bureb iKvnes, gadasulni (s. uZilaurTa). -en daboloeba ki, romlis gamoKenebis arec aseve farToa, misgan miGebulad unda miviCnioT da gvxvdeba iqac, sadac n-en iKo mosalodneli (Ziri-Tadad uwKvetelsa da wKvetilSi): xatze eficeboden erTurT-sa; waviden Sina; meqorwileni daSinden. Sdr. aseve: emzadebo-den, ibanden, tiroden, gaanTebden, Sa�rigden, Camoiden...). n-en ucxo unda iKos fSaurisaTvis da iSviaTadac gamoiKeneba (qar-Tlis mosazGvre soflebSi), Tuki sadme gvxvdeba, saliteratu-ro enis gavlenis Sedegi unda iKos.

rogoria vaja-fSavelas arCevani? iv. imnaiSvilis dakvirve-biT, igi Zveli qarTuli d-es daboloebaze xels iGebs, mas aqvs mxolod da mxolod d-en Kalibi da mgosanic, iSviaTi gamonak-lisis garda, am princips icavs: aqebden, aGebden, aGavGavden, darboden, damadgeboden, mokelaobden, mocvivden, mividen... -es daboloebis gamoKeneba gacilebiT mcirdeba qarTl-kaxeTis mo-sazGvre aragvisa da ivris xeobis soflebSi. es regioni am izomorfi gamoKenebis arealad unda miviCnioT.

fSauri im dialeqtTa Jgufs ekuTvnis (kaxuri, TuSuri, mTiuluri), sadac zmnaSi daculia S2O3 piris niSnebi. foneti-kuri garemos gaTvaliswinebiT S2O3 piri qarTlurSi, kaxurSi,

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qiziKursa da fSaurSi warmodgenilia gansxvavebuli individua-luri variantebis saxiT sxvadasxva bgerebTan mezoblobis dros. S2O3 piris niSnebi calkeuli arealebis mixedviT fSaur-Si dasturdeba h-, s-, �-, �h-, �s-, O alomorfTa poziciuri va-riantebis da maTi fonetikuri saxesvaobebis saxiT: z-// �z-, S-// �S-.

S2O3 ir. piris niSanTa iotaciis procesi fSaurSi regio-nul monacemTa mixedviT amgvarad warmogvidgeba:

I. xmovnebis win _ 0; II. winaenismieri (d, T, t, Z, c, w, J, C, y) xSulebis win: s-,

�-, �s-; am dros xelsaKrel fonologiur garemoSi gvxvdeba s- alomorfis fonetikuri saxesxvaobebi, romelTa klasifikacia xerxdeba calkeul regionTa mixedviT:

a) ukana fSavisa da aragvis xeobis fSavis (wina fSavis) Crdilo nawilSi: s→z (d, Z bgerebis win: da-z-dgmen, ma-z-dis, da-z-dixar, a-z-Zraxdi, z-Zax...); s→S (y, C bgerebis win: S-yam, S-Civi, S-Cemob, S-CeCav, S-CumaTob...).

b) qarTlis mosazGvre wina fSavis samxreT nawilSi: s- → �s- → �z- (d, Z bgerebis win: da-�z-dgmen, ma-�z-dis, gada-�z-di-xar, da-�z-dixar, kioT a-�z-Zraxdi, rada-�z-Zax?...); s→�s→�S (y, C bgerebis win: ara��s-cemo, rasa��s-Cadi, rasa��S-yam: kio-Ta��S-CeCav, raada-�S-Civi?..)

g) ivris xeobisa da qarTlis mosazGvre wina fSavis sof-lebSi (CekuraanTgori, velebi, zariZeebi, tuSurebi, Cabano, Ji-JeTi, gudruxi, Tvalivi, neZixi, swrofavi): s→�s||�z→� (gama-�-dis, gama-�-dgomia, ma-�-dixar, ma-�-dis, a-�-Zraxdi, rasa-�-Zax?...); s→�s||�S→� (rasa-�-yam, nu-�-CeCav! rasa-�-Civi?...).

d) Zalze iSviaTia x-, �x- variantebi, rac ukana fSavis calkeuli soflebidan gamosul moxucTa metKvelebas Tu Semo-unaxavs da xevsurulisa da TuSuris gavleniT unda aixsnas: ga-ma-x-Kva dedai, mi-x-Kveba garai, a-x-Kares iaraGi, qistebsa-�x-ƒoc-den, balGa-�x-Kvanda...).

III. bagismieri b, f, p ukanaenismieri xSulebis g, q, k da K bgerebis win gvxvdeba h-, �h-, �-. amaTgan mjGeri b, g bgerebis win, rogorc wesi, gvaqvs � (rasa-�-gevixar, gama-�-badavs, ga-�-be-da, Se-�-beda, �-berdebi, da-�-berdebi, ma-�-gvanda...), xolo f, p, q, k, K, ƒ-s win dasturdeba h-, an umetesad �h- (h-parven, ma-�h-

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kal, ma-�h-parven, ma-�h-qonda, ma-�h-fiqrda, imasa-�h-klebav, Ca-�h-qolavdes, qoTmaToba-�h-Kav, manda-�h-ƒelven...).

IV. sonorebisa da spirantebis win (z, s, j, S, G, x, m, n, r, l) dasturdeba mxolod � (ga-�-lalven, Sa-�-nanda, da-�-leven, da-�-rComian, ma-�-Sordeba, ra-�-naxe? rasa-�-zixar? magasa-�-mar-Tebs, mandava-�-recxs...).

S2O3 niSnad � Kvela naCveneb poziciur situaciaSi gvxvdeba. igi enacvleba h- an s- prefiqss im dros, roca zmna preverbia-nia. �- prefiqsad gvevlineba uzmniswino formebSic. am dros xmovniT daboloebuli winamavali sitKva zmnasTan erTad qmnis erT ritmikul erTeuls da maT Soris pauza virtualuria; �- darTul alomorfTa gamoKeneba ufro intensiuria da iotaci-is procesi matulobs baris dialeqtebTan siaxlovisas, Crd. qarTlis mosazGvre soflebSi mcxovrebTa metKvelebaSi ro-gorc aragvis xeobis, ise ivris xeobis fSavSi. Cans, am movlenis ganviTarebisaTvis xeli unda SeewKo qarTlursa da kaxurs. igive movlena dadasturebulia qarTlurSi, kaxurSi, ingilo-ursa da fereidnulSi, mTis sxva kiloebisagan gansxvavebiT, mTiulursa da fSaurSi. qsnisa da aragvis xeobis mTiuluris msgavsad, igi miiGeba spirantis dasustebis Sedegad da qmnis alomorfebs: �-, �s-, �z-, �S-, �h-. �- gvxvdeba im drosac, roca igi III irib obieqturi piris niSani ki ar aris, aramed gvaqvs micemiTbrunviani brunvacvalebadi obieqti (visac deeweva, ga�sresavs).

v) obieqtis mravlobiTobis -T sufiqsis win Semonaxulia mesame subieqturi piris niSnebi: -s (mxolobiTsa) da -n (mrav-lobiTSi) samxreT regionebSi gamoKenebis intensivobis Semci-rebiT: gKavisT, gibavisT, giyirsT, gikvirsT, agSurebianT, ge-leqsebianT, unda mogiwKvanT...).

igive SeiZleba iTqvas agreTve leqsikuri diferenciaciis Sesaxeb fSauris gavrcelebis sxvadasxva regions Soris, rac fSauri dialeqturi garemos aseve erT-erTi ZiriTadi maxasia-Tebelia.

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g ig ig ig i o ro ro ro r g i g og i g og i g og i g o g og og og o l a Sl a Sl a Sl a S v iv iv iv i l il il il i (Tbilisi) qarqarqarqarTuTuTuTuli enis droli enis droli enis droli enis dro----kikikikilolololoTa sisTa sisTa sisTa sistetetetema da mTis kima da mTis kima da mTis kima da mTis kilolololoTa Ta Ta Ta momomomonanananacecececememememebibibibi

akaki SaniZis moZGvrebis Tanaxmad, dro-kiloTa sistema

axal qarTulSi Zvelisagan principulad gansxvavebulia: I seri-aSi gamoiKo ori wre: am ori wris mwkrivTa Soris gansxvavebas ZiriTadad zmniswini qmnis:

I wre II wre awmKo _ vavavavakekekekeTebTebTebTeb mKof. _ gagagaga----vavavavakekekekeTebTebTebTeb uwKv. _ vavavavakekekekeTebTebTebTebdidididi xolm. _ gagagaga----vavavavakekekekeTebTebTebTebdidididi I. kavS. _ vavavavakekekekeTebTebTebTebdededede mK. kavS. _ gagagaga----vavavavakekekekeTebTebTebTebdededede es aris axali qarTulis sistema da, cxadia, roca vsaub-

robT dialeqtebSi zmnis uGlebis sakiTxebze, es sistema unda gvaxsovdes. amJerad gvainteresebs aGmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis dialeqtebisaTvis iseTi specifikuri formebi, rogoricaa magaliTad fSauri.

vvvv----akeakeakeakeTebTebTebTeb----dddd----odododod----iiii akeakeakeakeTebTebTebTeb----dddd----odododod----iiii akeakeakeakeTebTebTebTeb----dddd----iiii----ssss (TuSur-xevsurulSi od-is nacvlad

-id savrcobi gvaqvs). amgvar formebs I xolmeobiTs uwodeben. gvxvdeba rogorc uzmniswino, ise zmniswiniani variantebi:

vvvv----akeakeakeakeTebdTebdTebdTebd----odododod----i _ gai _ gai _ gai _ ga----vvvv----akeakeakeakeTebdTebdTebdTebd----odododod----iiii. orive es forma erTi da imave mwkrivis formadaa miCneu-

li. rogor moTavsdeba es formebi a. SaniZis sistemaSi:

awmKawmKawmKawmK. . . . wrewrewrewre mKofmKofmKofmKof. . . . wrewrewrewre 1. v-akeTeb 2. v-akeTebd-i 3. v-akeTebd-e 4. v-akeTebd-od-i

ga-v-akeTeb ga-v-akeTebd-i ga-v-akeTebd-e ga-v-akeTebd-od-i

meoTxe wKvilis erTi da imave mwkrivis formebad miCneva arGvevs sistemas; am SemTxvevaSi pasuxi unda gaeces seriozul kiTxvas: ratom aris vvvv----akeakeakeakeTebTebTebTebdidididi / gagagaga----vvvv----akeakeakeakeTebTebTebTebdidididi sxvadasxva mwkrivis formebi da vvvv----akeakeakeakeTebTebTebTebdododododidididi / gagagaga----vvvv----akeakeakeakeTebTebTebTebdododododidididi _ erTi da imave mwkrivisa?

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sistemis gaTvaliswinebiT, an unda moxdes 1-3 wKvilis er-Ti da imave mwkrivis formebad miCneva, anda me-4 wKvilis sxva-dasxva mwkrivis formebad CaTvla. am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi sa-yiro iqneba maT Soris (vvvv----aaaa----kekekekeTeTeTeTebbbbddddoooodidididi _ gagagaga----vvvv----aaaa----kekekekeTebTebTebTebdododododidididi) funqciuri gamiJvna, rac gaamarTlebda amgvar gadawKvetilebas.

Cven mxars davuyerdiT pirvel daSvebas: mTis kiloTa xol-meobiTis formebis gaTvaliswineba kidev erTi argumenti iqneba imis samtkiceblad, rom I seriaSi ori wre ar unda gamoiKos.

m am am am a r ir ir ir i a m g oa m g oa m g oa m g o d ud ud ud u aaaa ZZZZ eeee (Tbilisi)

grZnogrZnogrZnogrZnobabababa----aGqmis aGmniSaGqmis aGmniSaGqmis aGmniSaGqmis aGmniSvnel zmnvnel zmnvnel zmnvnel zmnaTaaTaaTaaTa struq struq struq struqtutututuris ris ris ris zozozozogigigigiererererTi saTi saTi saTi sakikikikiTxiTxiTxiTxi

1. grZoba-aGqmis gamomxatveli zmnebi, saerTaSoriso termi-

nologiiT _ verba sentiendi _ enis uZveles Sres ganekuTvneba. qarTuli sametKvelo fsiqologiis TvalsaCino Taviseburebadaa miCneuli, rom garkveuli tipis zmnebSi, mag., mimimimiklavs klavs klavs klavs zmnaSi, I piri (me) warmodgenilia ara rogorc moqmedi, aramed rogorc umoqmedo, romelsac miewereba warsulSi viGacis an raGacis kvla. sZuls, scisZuls, scisZuls, scisZuls, sciva, aqvs, zis, wevs va, aqvs, zis, wevs va, aqvs, zis, wevs va, aqvs, zis, wevs tipis zmnebSi S umoqmedoa da mas TiToeuli es mdgomareoba miewereba. sametKvelo azrov-nebis mier gaSualebuli realuri urTierToba gardaqmnili urTierTobis gamoxatva ivaraudeba qarTuli enobrivi azrovne-bis mniSvnelovan mxared.

2. afeqtur da `cnobiereba~ wris gamomxatvel zmnebad qar-TulSi warmodgenilia saSuali gvaris mwkrivnakli zmnebi: dums, Kvadums, Kvadums, Kvadums, Kvavis, ukvis, ukvis, ukvis, ukvirsvirsvirsvirs...; inversiuli pasivebi (eniani vnebiTebi): enaGvleenaGvleenaGvleenaGvleba, eZiba, eZiba, eZiba, eZineneneneba, eJavba, eJavba, eJavba, eJavrerererebabababa......... qcevanakli, uqceo zmnebi: icis, icis, icis, icis, uKvars, axuKvars, axuKvars, axuKvars, axsovssovssovssovs... mwkrivmonacvle: uwKis, unuwKis, unuwKis, unuwKis, undadadada (ak. SaniZis mi-xedviT e. w. `ugvaro~ zmnebi), aseve gunebis vnebiTebi: emGereemGereemGereemGere----ba, eciba, eciba, eciba, ecineneneneba, etiba, etiba, etiba, etirerererebabababa............

3. qarTul enaSi (ZvelSic, axalSic) afeqtur da cnobiere-ba-wris zmnaTa sakmaod rTuli formobriv-sistemuri kon-struqcia SeiniSneba, gacilebiT rTuli, vidre es indoevro-

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pul enaTa morfologiur da sintaqsur struqturebSia warmo-dgenili. gramatikuli TvalsazrisiT es sirTule Tavs iCens binarul sistemaSi, romelsac qmnis saerTo leqsikuri mniSvne-lobis mqone ori gramatikuli rigi, gansakuTrebiT realuri subieqtis gamoxatulebis ori gamokveTili rigi: vvvvinisa da mmmma-nisa. kerZod, konstruqciulad erTmaneTs upirispirdeba sxva-dasxva grZnobisa da SegrZnebis, anda mdgomareobis gamomxatve-li zmnebi. SeiZleba gamoiKos ramdenime semantikuri qveJgufis Semqmneli zmnuri wKvilebi.

sursursursurvivivivilililili:::: minda _ vindomeb msurs _ visurveb mnebavs _ vinebeb mwadia _ moviwadineb mexasiaTeba _ movixasiaTeb SiSiSiSiSiSiSiSi----riririrididididi: : : : meSinia _ vSindebi, merideba _ veridebi fiqfiqfiqfiqri, eyri, eyri, eyri, eyvivivivi:::: mgonia _ vgoneb meeyveba _ veyvob mefiqreba _vfiqrob ZilZilZilZil----GviGviGviGviZiZiZiZilililili:::: mZinavs _ viZineb mGviZavs _ viGviZeb siKvasiKvasiKvasiKvarurururuli, moli, moli, moli, mowowowowonenenenebabababa:::: miKvars _ viKvareb momwons _ viwoneb dadadadanananananeneneneba_ Seba_ Seba_ Seba_ Secocococodedededebabababa:::: menaneba _ vnanob mebraleba _ vibraleb mecodeba _ vicodeb

rwmerwmerwmerwmenananana:::: mwams _ viwameb mJera _ viJereb xsovxsovxsovxsovnananana: : : : maxsovs _ vixsomeb maxsendeba _ vixseneb magondeba _ movigoneb sisisisicilcilcilcil----titititiririririlililili:::: mecineba _ vicini metireba _ vtiri meGimeba _ viGimi sisisisiZulZulZulZulvivivivilililili:::: mZuls _ viZuleb meJavreba _ viJavreb

fifififizizizizioooolololologigigigiuuuuri reri reri reri reaqaqaqaqcicicicieeeebibibibi::::

maxvelebs _ vaxveleb makankalebs _vkankaleb maslokinebs_vaslokineb

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4. aGniSnul or rigs garda morfologiuri niSnebisa, is sintaqsuri specifikac ganarCevs, rom manis rigi subieqtis datiur konstruqcias gulisxmobs, xolo vinis rigi nominati-ur/ergatiuls.

5. amgvari binaruli sistemis arseboba mkveTrad ganasxva-vebs qarTuls rusulisa da inglisurisagan.

6. afeqtur da `cnobiereba~ wris gamomxatvel zmnaTa bina-ruli sistema qarTulSi gansakuTrebul KuradGebas iqcevs statika-dinamikis opoziciis TvalsazrisiT (Sdr.: statikuri miKvarsmiKvarsmiKvarsmiKvars da dinamikuri viKvaviKvaviKvaviKvarebrebrebreb) da kauzaciis TvalsazrisiTac (netav gagagagamamamamagegegegebibibibina,na,na,na, Sdr.: netav gagagagavivivivigogogogo...). ...). ...). ...). mmmmanisa da v v v vinis rige-bis monacvleoba am SemTxvevaSic niSandoblivia.

7. indoevropul enebSi aGniSnuli zmnebi formobrivad gardamaval zmnebTanaa gaTanabrebuli, magram gardamaval zmna-Tagan mTeli rigi TaviseburebebiT gamoirCevian. inglisurSi am semantikis zmnebi ver awarmoeben progresul aspeqts (laionzi, 1978, gv. 334), aseve gansxvavebul leqsikur-gramatikul Jgufs qmnian germanulSi (benvenisti, 1974, gv.145). specifikur su-raTs gviCvenebs es zmnebi mTis kavkasiur enebSi (xunZurSi xuTi saxis zmnuri konstruqciidan (nominatiuri, ergatiuli, dati-uri, posesiuri, lokatiuri) grZnoba-aGqmis zmnebi mexuTe, ad-gilobiTian konstruqcias moiTxovs (arn. Ciqobava, il. cercva-Ze, xunZuri ena, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis gam-ba, Tb., 1962, gv. 242.).

8. imerulsa da rayul dialeqtebSi afeqtur, grZnoba-aGqmis gamomxatvel zmnebSi micemiTSi dasmuli II da III pirebis mravlobiToba ----KeKeKeKe sufiqsiT aGiniSneba (gesmis-Ke Tqven, gZinavs-Ke Tqven, Zal-uc-Ke maT, giKuars-Ke Tqven, uKvars-Ke maT...).

9. sagulisxmoa verba sentiendi-s ricxvSi SeTanxmeba mice-miTSi dasmuli aqtantis (logikuri subieqtis) mravlobiTo-bis aGsaniSnavad (Sdr.: uKvars mas uKvars mas uKvars mas uKvars mas is _ uKvarT maT uKvarT maT uKvarT maT uKvarT maT is, scisciscisci----va mas va mas va mas va mas _ sciscisciscivaT maTvaT maTvaT maTvaT maT) qarTulsa da qarTvelur enaTa dialeq-tebSi.

am zmnebis sintaqsuri Tavisebureba isaa, rom rTul wina-dadebaSi maT damatebis piri Cveulebriv ar moepovebaT, ris gamoc, agebulebiT sampiriani zmna orpirianis rolSi gamodis, orpiriani ki erTpirianis rolSi. qarTveluri enebis hipotaq-

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suri struqturis Seswavlisas calke gamoKofen iseT SemTxve-vebs, rodesac mTavari winadadebis Semasmenlad naxmaria grZno-bisa da Tqma-brZanebis gamomxatveli zmnebi (verba sentiendi et dec-larandi), radgan am zmnebis Semdeg faqtobrivad mosalodnelia Kvela saxis sakavSirebeli sitKva.

10. erT-erT mniSvnelovan da, amasTan sxva enebTan mimarTe-biT, qarTulisaTvis specifikur parametrad unda CaiTvalos uarKofiTi nawilakebis sintagmatika mmmmanis rigis zmnebTan. Tu vvvvinis rigis nebismieri semantikis zmnebTan maTi xmareba praqti-kulad SeuzGudavia (ar vwer, ver vwer; ar vfiqar vwer, ver vwer; ar vfiqar vwer, ver vwer; ar vfiqar vwer, ver vwer; ar vfiqrob, ver rob, ver rob, ver rob, ver vfiqvfiqvfiqvfiqrobrobrobrob), manis rigis zmnebi potenciis gamomxatvel ver ver ver ver nawi-laks ver iguebs (ar ixmareba: *ver miKvars, *ver mSia, *ver Se-miZlia...). daaxloebiT igive iTqmis nu nu nu nu nawilakzedac, romelic akrZalviTi brZanebiTis formasTan ixmareba metwilad aqtiur zmnebSi (Sdr.: Tavs nu iciTavs nu iciTavs nu iciTavs nu iciebebebeb da *nu gciva!).

qarTveluri enebis grZnoba-aGqmis zmnaTa Sedareba-Sepiris-pirebas indoevropul znebTan TeoriulTan erTad wminda praq-tikuli mniSvnelobac eniyeba imis dasadgenad, Tu ra leqsi-kur-gramatikul saSualebebs iKenebs es enebi gansaxilvel zmna-Ta sferoSi indoevropul enebTan SedarebiT da piruku: ra saSualebebs iKeneben es evropuli enebi saTanado qarTuli bi-naruli sistemis sapirispiro konstruqciebis gadmosacemad. ivaraudeba, rom enobrivi sistemis SigniT gramatikul da se-mantikur elementebs Soris mimarTebaTa gamovlena da dazus-teba am elementTa xmarebis funqcionaluri mxaris gamosakvle-vad araerT sagulisxmo Sedegs mogvcems.

l al al al a l i e z ul i e z ul i e z ul i e z u gggg b ab ab ab a i ai ai ai a (Tbilisi) nanananasasasasaxexexexelalalalari zmneri zmneri zmneri zmnebis warmobis warmobis warmobis warmoeeeeba meba meba meba megrulgrulgrulgrulSiSiSiSi

1. cnobilia, rom enaSi sitKvawareoba morfologiuri mo-delebis SesaZleblobebisa da sicocxlisunarianobis maCvenebe-lia. qarTvelur enebSi sitKvawarmoebis aqtiuri ubania nasaxe-lari zmnebi. saliteraturo enis tradiciebi da funqcionire-

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bis sferos gafarToeba xels uwKobs morfologiuri modele-bis, warmomqmneli afiqsebis gaaqtiurebas. imaves ver vitKviT arasamwerlobo enebze, maT Soris megrul-lazurze.

2. qarTulSi saxeluri fuZeebidan zmnebis warmoeba Ziri-Tadad pirveladi kauzaciis aaaa _ ebebebeb modeliT xdeba da arsebi-Tad gardaqceviTobis semantikis mqonea. rogorc wesi, zmnur fuZeebad gadaqcevisas garkveuli fonologiuri wesebi moqme-debs. mag., TanxmovanfuZiani kumSvadi saxelebidan zmnur mo-delSi gadava SekumSuli fuZe: maGalmaGalmaGalmaGal-: aaaa----maGlmaGlmaGlmaGl----ebebebeb----ssss, kekekekedeldeldeldel-: aaaa----kedlkedlkedlkedl----ebebebeb-s, Tumca erTmarcvliani fuZeebis SemTxvevaSi arare-ducirebuli fuZea gamoKenebuli: mtermtermtermter-: aaaa----mtermtermtermter----ebebebeb----ssss; mgelmgelmgelmgel-: aaaa----mgelmgelmgelmgel----ebebebeb----ssss... aseve KuradGeba eqceva xmovanfuZian saxelTa da-boloebas da sxv.

3. megrulSi pirveladi kauzativis istoriuli modeli oooo- prefiqsiTaa warmodgenili: oooo----gggg----anananan----ssss `a-g-ebs~, oooo----rCrCrCrC----anananan----ssss `afens~, oooo----ZirZirZirZir----anananan----ssss `aCvenebs, anaxvebs~, oooo----dgindgindgindgin----anananan----ssss `adgens, aKenebs~... Zi-reuli zmnuri formebi am modeliTaa nawarmoebi, Tumca maTi raodenoba Zalian SezGudulia. realurad Tanamedrove megrul-Si am modelis realizacia ar xdeba. cxadia, nasaxelari zmnebis warmoqmna megrulSic mimdinareobs da ZiriTadad qarTulidan na-sesxebi pirveladi kauzaciis KalibiT. Cveulebrivia iseTi forme-bi, rogorc aaaa----keTkeTkeTkeT----enenenen----ssss `akeTebs~, aaaa----SenSenSenSen----enenenen----ssss `aSenebs~...

arsebiTad, ----en, en, en, en, ----an an an an Temis niSnebi eb eb eb eb Temis niSnis foneti-kur variants warmoadgens da isic cnobilia, rom Temis niSan-Ta unifikacia moxda zanurSi. Cven davinteresdiT, Tu ra ka-nonzomiereba iCens Tavs aaaa- _ -enenenen/anananan modeliT saxeluri fuZis gaformebisas da rogor xdeba saxelTa Taviseburebebis asaxva zmnur formebSi.

4. zanurSic saxeluri fuZeebi daboloebis mixedviT or tips qmnis: TanxmovanfuZiani da xmovanfuZiani. arsebiTi Tavise-bureba, rac qarTulisgan ganasxvavebs, aris reduqciis susti Zala. kerZod, mxolobiT ricxvSi nebismieri saxeluri fuZe uc-vlelia. Tumca es erTgvarovneba irGveva mravlobiT ricxvSi. kerZod, a a a a da e e e e xmovnebze daboloebuli fuZeebi ikveceba: kvakvakvakva----tatatata: kvatkvatkvatkvat----efefefef----iiii `ixvi~, karkarkarkarTeTeTeTe: karTkarTkarTkarT-efefefef----iiii `kalTa~... gamonaklisia is saxelebi, romelTa bolokiduri xmovani odindeli determi-nanti sufiqsis nawilia da mr.-Si aGdgeba ----l l l l sonori: dadadada:

27

daldaldaldal----efefefef----iiii `debi~, JiJiJiJimamamama: JiJiJiJimalmalmalmal----efefefef----iiii `Zmebi~... rogorc mosalodneli iKo, zmnuri warmoqmnis procesSi

ena arCevans akeTebs mravlobiTi ricxvis saxeluri fuZeebis sa-sargeblod. kerZod, warmoiqmneba Semdegi tipebi:

a) Tanxmovanze daboloebuli fuZeebi da o, u o, u o, u o, u xmovanze da-mTavrebuli fuZeebi ucvlelad gadadis pirveladi kauzativis modelSi:

kokokokoCiCiCiCi: aaaa----koCkoCkoCkoC----enenenen----ssss `akacebs~ ZGabiZGabiZGabiZGabi: aaaa----ZGabZGabZGabZGab----enenenen----ssss `aqaliSvilebs~ kakakakapipipipitotototo: aaaa----kakakakapipipipitotototo----enenenen----ssss `akabdoebs~ kaGukaGukaGukaGu: aaaa----kaGukaGukaGukaGu----enenenen----ssss `akauyebs~ Tumca am JgufSi SeiZleba gvqondes gamonaklisi swored

xmovanfuZianebTan dakavSirebiT. es niSnavs fuZis kvecas: bobobobororororo: aaaa----borborborbor----enenenen----ssss `asulelebs~, Tumca es SemTxveva Jer-JerobiT erTe-ulia da araa mosalodneli tendenciad CamoKalibdes.

b) aaaa- xmovanze daboloebuli saxelebi, romlebsac mravlo-biTSi aGudgebaT xmovangamKari l l l l sonori, gazmnavebis SemTxve-vaSi, rogorc wesi, mravlobiTis fuZes emKarebian:

JiJiJiJimamamama: JiJiJiJimalmalmalmal----efefefef----iiii : aaaa----JiJiJiJimalmalmalmal----enenenen----s `aZmobilebs~ squasquasquasqua: squsqusqusqualalalal----efefefef----iiii : aaaa----squsqusqusqualalalal----enenenen----ssss `aSvilebs~ fsufsufsufsualalalal: fsufsufsufsualalalal----efefefef----iiii : aaaa----fsufsufsufsualalalal----enenenen----ssss `afrTavebs~... g) aaaa-ze da eeee-ze daboloebuli fuZeebi, romlebic istoriu-

lad TanxmovanfuZiani iKo, Tumca saxelur paradigmebSi es ar Cans. mag.: yiyiyiyiTaTaTaTa, Sdr. wiwiwiwiTelTelTelTel----iiii. brunebis paradigmaSi imave yiyiyiyiTa Ta Ta Ta fuZe dasturdeba orsave ricxvSi: yiyiyiyiTaTaTaTa ~ yiTyiTyiTyiT----efefefef----iiii, magram ga-zmnavebis procesSi aGdgeba Tavdapirveli fuZe: aaaa----yiyiyiyiTarTarTarTar----enenenen----ssss `awiTlebs~. aseTi SemTxvevebi ZiriTadad gvxvdeba zedsarTav saxelur fuZeebTan. magaliTebi:

ginginginginZeZeZeZe: ginZginZginZginZ----efefefef----iiii : aaaa----ginginginginZarZarZarZar----enenenen----ssss `agrZelebs~ kunkunkunkuntatatata: kuntkuntkuntkunt----efefefef----iiii : a a a a----kunkunkunkuntartartartar----enenenen----ssss `amoklebs~ yiyiyiyiyeyeyeye: yiyyiyyiyyiy----efefefef----iiii : aaaa----yiyiyiyiyaryaryaryar----enenenen----ssss `apataravebs~ momomomonkankankanka: monkmonkmonkmonk----efefefef----i i i i : a a a a----momomomonkarnkarnkarnkar----enenenen----ssss `amZimebs~ rogorc Cans, ----e e e e daboloeba saxelur fuZeebSi meoreulia. amave tipisaa uuuu-ze daboloebuli lilililibubububu `rbili~, TiTiTiTiTxuTxuTxuTxu

`Txeli~, romelTa Tavdapirveli fuZe gamoCndeba zmnebSi: aaaa----lililili----borborborbor----enenenen----ssss `arbilebs~, Sdr. lilililibubububu----efefefef----iiii `rbilebi~; a a a a----TiTiTiTiTxorTxorTxorTxor----ensensensens `aTxelebs~, Sdr. TiTiTiTiTxuTxuTxuTxu----efefefef----iiii `Txelebi~. aGsaniSnavia, rom ----arararar/----

28

or or or or sufiqsebis monacvleoba damaxasiaTebelia zanurisTvis. Cve-ulebrivia Semdegi formebi: aaaa----yiyiyiyiTorTorTorTor----enenenen----ssss, aaaa----ginginginginZorZorZorZor----enenenen----ssss da sxv.

d) ----a a a a da ----e e e e boloxmovniani fuZeebi, romlebic Cveulebriv ikveceba rogorc saxelis mravlobiT ricxvSi, aseve zmnuri warmoebis drosac:

furfurfurfurCaCaCaCa: aaaa----furCfurCfurCfurC----enenenen----ssss `foTlebad aqcevs~ marmarmarmarkvakvakvakva: aaaa----markvmarkvmarkvmarkv----enenenen----ssss `amurklebs~ zarzarzarzarfafafafanananana: aaaa----zarzarzarzarfanfanfanfan----enenenen----ssss `azafranebs~ foqfoqfoqfoqvavavava: aaaa----foqvfoqvfoqvfoqv----enenenen----ssss `gamoqvabulad aqcevs~ ‡‡‡‡veveveverererere: aaaa----‡‡‡‡verververver----enenenen----ssss `abrmavebs~ xirxirxirxirkekekeke: aaaa----xirkxirkxirkxirk----enenenen----s s s s `wKlis yurylad gadaaqcevs~ e) megrulSi uxvadaa qarTulidan nasesxebi fuZeebi. aGsa-

niSnavia, rom aaaa-ze daboloebuli fuZeebis sesxebis SemTxvevaSi zmnuri modelis sesxebac xdeba. igulisxmeba aaaa----sufsufsufsufTaTaTaTa----vvvv----ebebebeb----ssss ti-pis warmoeba.

megrulSi ucvlelad gadmodis warmoebis es modeli, Tum-ca paralelurad SesaZlebelia Sekvecili fuZeebis gamoKeneba. magaliTad:

aaaa----sufsufsufsufTTTT----enenenen----ssss : aaaa----sufsufsufsufTavTavTavTav----enenenen----s s s s `asufTavebs~ aaaa----axalaxalaxalaxalgazrdgazrdgazrdgazrd----enenenen----ssss : aaaa----axalaxalaxalaxalgazgazgazgazrdavrdavrdavrdav----enenenen----ssss `aaxalgazrdavebs~ aGsaniSnavia, rom zemoT aGniSnul moqm. gvaris zmnur

formebs prefiqsuli vnebiTi ewarmoeba da ucvlelad gadadis moqmedebiTi gvaris fuZe:

aaaa----koCkoCkoCkoC----enenenen----ssss : iiii----koCkoCkoCkoC----ebebebeb----u u u u `kacdeba~ aaaa----kokokokototototo----enenenen----ssss : iiii----kokokokototototo----ebebebeb----uuuu `doqdeba~ aaaa----JiJiJiJimalmalmalmal----enenenen----ssss : iiii----JiJiJiJimalmalmalmal----ebebebeb----uuuu `Zmobildeba~ aaaa----markvmarkvmarkvmarkv----enenenen----ssss : iiii----markvmarkvmarkvmarkv----ebebebeb----uuuu `murkldeba~ aaaa----‡‡‡‡verververver----enenenen----ssss : iiii----‡‡‡‡verververver----ebebebeb----uuuu `brmavdeba~ aaaa----yiyiyiyiyaryaryaryar----enenenen----ssss : iiii----yiyiyiyiyaryaryaryar----ebebebeb----u u u u `pataravdeba~ aaaa----ginginginginZarZarZarZar----enenenen----ssss : iiii----ginginginginZarZarZarZar----ebebebeb----u u u u `grZeldeba~ gamonaklisia yiyiyiyiTaTaTaTa fuZe, romelsac ddddoniani vnebiTic ewarmoeba: aaaa----yiyiyiyiTarTarTarTar----enenenen----ssss : iiii----yiyiyiyiTarTarTarTar----ebebebeb----uuuu aaaa----yiyiyiyiTorTorTorTor----enenenen----s s s s : yiyiyiyiTonTonTonTon----dddd----uuuu cxadia, rom megrulSi nasaxelari zmnebis warmoeba qarTu-

lidan nasesxebi modeliT xdeba, Tumca mTlianad aris daculi saxeluri fuZeebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia morfonologiuri Ta-viseburebebi.

29

T aT aT aT a m a r v am a r v am a r v am a r v a S aS aS aS a k ik ik ik i Z eZ eZ eZ e (Tbilisi)

rerererelalalalatitititiurururur----gardagardagardagardamamamamavalvalvalvalzmnizmnizmnizmnian Sean Sean Sean SesitsitsitsitKKKKvevevevebabababaTaTaTaTa ssssinininintaqtaqtaqtaqsusususuri meri meri meri meqaqaqaqaniznizniznizmi ami ami ami aGGGGmomomomosavsavsavsavleT saleT saleT saleT saqarqarqarqarTveTveTveTveloslosloslos babababaris diris diris diris diaaaaleqleqleqleqtetetetebis bis bis bis ((((qarqarqarqarTluTluTluTluri, kari, kari, kari, kaxuxuxuxuriririri) ) ) ) mimimimixedxedxedxedviTviTviTviT

aGmosavleT saqarTvelos baris dialeqtebSi (qarTlursa

da kaxurSi) relatiur-gardamavalzmnian SesitKvebaTa sintaq-suri meqanizmi agebulia koordinaciis safuZvelze.

qarTlursa da kaxurSi gamoiKofa relatiur-gardamaval-zmniani SesitKvebis ori ZiriTadi tipi:

a) orsaxeliani relatiur-gardamavalzmniani SesitKveba, roca zmna (ZiriTadi koordinati) marTavs brunvis mixedviT masTan dakavSirebul orsave saxelur koordinats: morfolo-giur subieqts saxelobiTsa da moTxrobiTSi, xolo morfolo-giur obieqts micemiTsa da saxelobiTSi, amave dros Tavad (zmna) imarTvis saxeluri koordinatebis mier pirSi da eTan-xmeba maT ricxvis mixedviT (realurad an potenciurad):

qarqarqarqarTluTluTluTluriririri

S-yamd-a da-�h-klamd-nen mo-h-kl-a amo-h-yr-a

kacebi

cxvars

kaci purs purs kaci

purs

kacma

nadiri

kacma

ormo

30

kakakakaxuxuxuxuriririri

�-zelam-s da-∅-inaxav-s-Ke mo-�-kl-es da-∅-inax-a-T

b) samsaxeliani relatiur-gardamavalzmniani SesitKveba, roca ZiriTadi koordinati imave brunvebSi marTavs or saxe-lur koordinats (morfologiur subieqts saxelobiTsa da mo-TxrobiTSi, brunvacvalebad morfologiur obieqts micemiTsa da saxelobiTSi), xolo mesame koordinati (brunvaucvleli morfologiuri obieqti) micemiTi brunvis formiT warmogvid-geba. am SemTxvevaSic ZiriTadi koordinati marTulia saxelu-ri koordinatebis mier pirSi da SeTanxmebulia maTTan ri-cxvis mixedviT (realurad an potenciurad).

qarqarqarqarTluTluTluTluriririri

gamo-S-∅-yrid-a

qali

coms

biyi

mtrebs

kacebma

nadir

biyma

mtrebi

kaci

yels

nadirs

31

mi-s-∅-wer-a

kakakakaxuxuxuxuriririri

∅-∅-aCveneb-en-T

∅-∅-uTxr-a-T

dam

werili

Zmas

debi

gzas

Zmebs

ambavi

dedam

Svilebs

32

r ur ur ur u s us us us u d a n i od a n i od a n i od a n i o s es es es e l il il il i aaaa n in in in i (Tbilisi)

kvlav mokvlav mokvlav mokvlav modadadadalulululuri forri forri forri formemememebibibibisasasasaTvis svaTvis svaTvis svaTvis svanurnurnurnurSiSiSiSi

ÍÀÔÅÒÏÁÉÈÉÓ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÌáÀÔÅÄËÉ ÆÌÍÄÁÉ, ÒÏÌËÄÁÓÀÝ ÓÀÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÏ ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÀÛÉ ÐÉÒÏÁÉÈÀà ÌÏÃÀËÖÒ ÆÌÍÄÁÓ ÖßÏÃÄÁÄÍ (Ò. àÊÀÃÖÀ), ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ×ÏÒÌÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ ÌÄÔßÉËÀà ÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀ ÊÀÖÆÀÔÉÖÒ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÓ. ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÀÓ ÌÀÈ ÛÏÒÉÓ ÌáÏËÏà ÓÖ×ÉØÓÉ ßÀÒÌÏÀÃÂÄÍÓ. ÊÀÖÆÀÔÉÖÒ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÓ ÀßÌÚÏÛÉ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÀà ÀØÅÈ -Ä ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ, ÌÏÃÀËÖÒ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÓ ÊÉ -É. ÌÀÂÀËÉÈÀÃ:

ÌÏÃÀË. ÊÀÖÆÀÔ. ÁØ. ÌðàÌ-ÖÍ-{Í}-É `ÈÉÁÅÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌðàÌ-ÖÍ-{Í}-Ä `ÌÀÈÉÁÅÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌðÁÍ-ÖÍ-{Í}-É `ÃÀßÚÄÁÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌðÁÍ-ÖÍ-{Í}-Ä `ÌÀßÚÄÁÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌÀÈÒ-ÖÍ-{Í}-É `ÃÀËÄÅÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌÀÈÒ-ÖÍ-{Í}-Ä `ÌÀËÄÅÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌðÊÃ-ÖÍ-{Í}-É `ÀÙÄÁÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌðÊÃ-ÖÍ-{Í}-Ä `ÌÀÙÄÁÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌÀÚäÀË-Í-É `ÊÏÝÍÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌÀÚäÀË-Í-Ä `ÌÀÊÏÝÍÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌÀáÒ-ÖÍ-{Í}-É `ÊÒÄ×À ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌÀáÒ-ÖÍ-{Í}-Ä `ÌÀÊÒÄ×ÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌÀÛÂÀË-Í-É `ßÅÄËÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌÀÛÂÀË-Í-Ä `ÌÀßÅÄËÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌÀÆÄËÀË-Í-É `ÓÉÀÒÖËÉ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌÀÆÄËÀË-Í-Ä `ÌÀÓÉÀÒÖËÄÁÓ"

ÃÀ À. Û. ËÍÔ.

ÌðàÄÌ-ÖÍ-{Í}-É `ÈÉÁÅÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌðàÄÌ-ÀË-Í-Ä `ÌÀÈÉÁÅÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌðÁÍ-ÖÍ-{Í}-É `ÃÀßÚÄÁÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌÀÁÍ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä `ÌÀßÚÄÁÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌÀÈÒ-ÖÍ-{Í}-É `ÃÀËÄÅÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌÀÈÒ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä `ÌÀËÄÅÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌðÊÃ-ÖÍ-{Í}-É `ÀÙÄÁÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌðÊÃ-ÖÍ-Ä `ÌÀÙÄÁÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌÀÚðË-æÍ-É `ÊÏÝÍÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌÀÚðË-æÍ-Ä `ÌÀÊÏÝÍÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌÀáÏÒ-æÍ-{Í}-É `ÊÒÄ×À ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌÀáÏÒ-Í-ÖÍ-Ä `ÌÀÊÒÄ×ÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌÀÛÊÀË-æÍ-É `ßÅÄËÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌÀÛÊÀË-ÖÍ-Í-Ä `ÌÀßÅÄËÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌðÆÄËÀË-æÍ-É `ÓÉÀÒÖËÉ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌðÆÄËÀË-æÍ-Ä `ÌÀÓÉÀÒÖËÄÁÓ"

ÃÀ À. Û. ËÛá., ÜÏË.

ÌÀàÌ-ÖÍ-{Í}-É `ÈÉÁÅÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌÀàÌ-êË-Í-Ä `ÌÀÈÉÁÅÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌðÁÍ-ÖÍ-{Í}-É `ÃÀßÚÄÁÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌÀÁÍ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä `ÌÀßÚÄÁÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌÀÈÒ-ÖÍ-{Í}-É `ÃÀËÄÅÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌÀÈÒ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä `ÌÀËÄÅÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌÀÊÃ-ÖÍ-{Í}-É `ÀÙÄÁÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌÀÊÃ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä `ÌÀÙÄÁÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌÀÚêË-éÍ-É `ÊÏÝÍÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌÀÚêË-Í-Ä `ÌÀÊÏÝÍÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌÀáÒ-ÖÍ-{Í}-É `ÊÒÄ×À ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌÀáÒ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä `ÌÀÊÒÄ×ÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌêÛÊêË-Í-{éÍ}-É `ßÅÄËÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌêÛÊêË-Í-Ä `ÌÀßÅÄËÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌÀÆÄËêË-Í-{éÍ}-É `ÓÉÀÒÖËÉ ÌÉÍÃÀ" ÌÀÆÄËêË-Í-Ä `ÌÀÓÉÀÒÖËÄÁÓ"

ÃÀ À. Û.

33

ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÖË ÓÖÒÀÈÓ ßÀÒÌÏÂÅÉÃÂÄÍÓ ÁÀËÓÆÄÌÏÖÒÉ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÉ, ÓÀÃÀÝ ÊÀÖÆÀÔÉÖÒÉ ÃÀ ÌÏÃÀËÖÒÉ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉ ÆÖÓÔÀà ÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀ ÄÒÈÌÀÍÄÈÓ ÃÀ ÌÀÈ ÛÏÒÉÓ ÒÀÉÌÄ ×ÏÒÌÏÁÒÉÅÉ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÀ ÀÒ ÛÄÉÍÉÛÍÄÁÀ, ÈÀÍÀÝ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÀà -Ä ÃÀÓÔÖÒÃÄÁÀ (ÂÀÌÏÍÀÊËÉÓÓ ßÀÒÌÏÀÃÂÄÍÓ ÏÒÉ ×ÏÒÌÀ: ÌðßÃÖÍ-É; ÌóÆÍÖÍ-É). ÌÀÂ: ÌðàÌ-ÖÍ-Ä `ÈÉÁÅÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ"; `ÌÀÈÉÁÅÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌðÁÍ-ÖÍ-Ä `ÃÀßÚÄÁÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ"; `ÌÀßÚÄÁÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌÀÈÒ-ÖÍ-Ä `ÃÀËÄÅÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ"; `ÌÀËÄÅÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌðÊÃ-ÖÍ-Ä `ÀÙÄÁÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ"; `ÌÀÙÄÁÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌÀÚäÀË-Í-Ä `ÊÏÝÍÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ"; `ÌÀÊÏÝÍÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌÀáÒ-ÖÍ-Ä `ÊÒÄ×À ÌÉÍÃÀ"; `ÌÀÊÒÄ×ÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌÀÛÂÀË-Í-Ä `ßÅÄËÀ ÌÉÍÃÀ"; `ÌÀßÅÄËÉÍÄÁÓ" ÌÀÆÄËÀË-Í-Ä `ÓÉÀÒÖËÉ ÌÉÍÃÀ"; `ÌÀÓÉÀÒÖËÄÁÓ" ÃÀ À. Û.

c ic ic ic i c ic ic ic i n o k v a nn o k v a nn o k v a nn o k v a n t at at at a l il il il i aaaa n in in in i (Tbilisi) zmniszmniszmniszmniswiwiwiwininininisa da Tesa da Tesa da Tesa da Temis nimis nimis nimis niSanSanSanSanTa moTa moTa moTa monacnacnacnacvlevlevlevleoooobis bis bis bis sasasasakikikikiTxiTxiTxiTxisasasasaTvis qvTvis qvTvis qvTvis qveeeemomomomoiiiimemememerulrulrulrulSiSiSiSi (`Sinamrewvelobis masalebis~ mixedviT)

`Sinamrewvelobis masalebis~ qvemoimerulma teqstebma aCve-na bevri Tavisebureba zmniswinisa da Temis niSnebis warmoebis TvalsazrisiT. zmniswinebi da Temis niSnebi zogJer erTmaneTs enacvlebian.

ganvixilavT ramdenime magaliTs: momomomo---- zmniswini cvlis CamoCamoCamoCamo---- zmniswins: momomomovexvexvexvexsnesnesnesnebiTbiTbiTbiT `qva sanam ar daiSleba, unda qondes cecxli da rodesac

daiSleba, xelad momomomovexvexvexvexsnesnesnesnebiTbiTbiTbiT~ (sof. sapaiyao, vanis r-ni). SeSeSeSe---- zmniswini cvlis dadadada---- zmniswins: SeSeSeSexvnaxvnaxvnaxvna `Cven pirveli SeSeSeSexvnasxvnasxvnasxvnas daviwKebT TebervalSi an martSi~

(sof. xani, baGdaTis r-ni). dadadada---- zmniswini cvlis momomomo---- zmniswins: dadadadaSaoSaoSaoSao `dixaSo miwa ferad dadadadaSaSaSaSaoaoaoaoa~ (sof. vani).

34

Tavisebureba SeimCneva Temis niSanTa gamoKenebis mxrivac. upirvelesad aGsaniSnavia fuZedrekadi zmnebis qvemoimerulisa-Tvis gansxvavebuli, uCveulo warmoeba. fuZedrekadi zmnebi zogJer dairTavs -avavavav Temis niSans, xandaxan -amamamam Temis niSansac, fuZiseuli xmovani ki ar icvleba:

momomomovgrevgrevgrevgrexavxavxavxav `gvergvs vakeTebT naZvis rokisagan, momomomovgrevgrevgrevgrexavTxavTxavTxavT rgolaT~

(sof. xani, baGdaTis r-ni). momomomovkrevkrevkrevkrefavTfavTfavTfavT `endro balaxi, rom momomomovkrevkrevkrevkrefavT,favT,favT,favT, gaxmeba erT kviraSi~

(sof. SuamTa, vanis r-ni). ----avavavav Temis niSans enacvleba ----am am am am Temis niSani: dadadadaiiiiyiyiyiyiram, aukram, aukram, aukram, aukram, miram, miram, miram, miakakakakramramramram `is (mimino) iyireba CitbadeTi, rom dadadadaiiiiyiyiyiyiram, ram, ram, ram, orive Tva-

lebs aukaukaukaukram ram ram ram da ZafiT Tavze mimimimiakakakakramramramram~ (q. samtredia). ----am am am am Temis niSans cvlis ----avavavav Temis niSani: dadadadavavavavabavbavbavbavdiTdiTdiTdiT `(mSvildisars) gavTlidiT, gavasufTavebdiT, bawars mo-

vgrexdiT da dadadadavavavavabavbavbavbavdiTdiTdiTdiT zed~ (q. sasasasamtremtremtremtrediadiadiadia). ----ev ev ev ev sufiqsi enacvleba -av av av av Temis niSans: gagagagavwuvwuvwuvwurevrevrevrevdiT, dadiT, dadiT, dadiT, davnukvnukvnukvnukrevrevrevrevdiTdiTdiTdiT `̀̀̀fiyvs fiyvs fiyvs fiyvs Jer gamovxarCavdiT, gagagagavwuvwuvwuvwurevrevrevrevdiT, dadiT, dadiT, dadiT, davnukvnukvnukvnukrevrevrevrevdiTdiTdiTdiT

imas~ (sof. xani, baGdaTis r-ni). zogJer -eb eb eb eb Temis niSani enacvleba -evevevev sufiqss: debsdebsdebsdebs `Sveli iseTi cxovelia, rom riloze (roca Tovli ar

debsdebsdebsdebs miwaze) Zneli mosaklavia~ (sof. venaxyala, baGdaTis r-ni). ----evevevev sufiqsi enacvleba -eb eb eb eb Temis niSans: vabvabvabvabrurururunevnevnevnevdidididi `davaxovdiT Sals Joxze, qveS ki gadebuli qonda moGra

Celti da vabvabvabvabrurururunevnevnevnevdidididi zed~ (sof. noGa, xonis r-ni). asasasaswrevswrevswrevswrevs `Tu gvian daviwKe simindis Tesva, esec mavnebelia da verc

maSin asasasaswrevswrevswrevswrevs damwifebas~ (sof. xani, baGdaTis r-ni). ----em em em em Temis niSani enacvleba -ev ev ev ev sufiqss: SeSeSeSeuuuuremTremTremTremT `davyriT yinyars, movxarCavT, SeSeSeSeuuuuremTremTremTremT Sig GerGils da

35

ase gamovzrdiT~ (indauris bjitebs) (sof. gordi, xonis r-ni). ----ov ov ov ov sufiqsi cvlis -ob ob ob ob Temis niSans: gagagagavavavavapovpovpovpovdiTdiTdiTdiT `gadavyridiT xes, mere gagagagavavavavapovpovpovpovdiTdiTdiTdiT~ (sof. xani, baGdaTis

r-ni). ----ob ob ob ob Temis niSani enacvleba -eb eb eb eb Temis niSans: dadadadaviwKobTviwKobTviwKobTviwKobT `Jer dadadadaviwKobT viwKobT viwKobT viwKobT badis qsovas cidan, aq momsxo Tvlebi aqvs~

(sof. xani, baGdaTis r-ni). aq ZiriTadad warmovadgineT is masala, rac dGes qvemoime-

rulisaTvis uCveuloa da iSviaTad an saerTod aGar ixmareba. Sinamrewvelobis teqstebSi ki zmniswinisa da Temis niSanTa aseTi monacvleoba arcTu iSviaTia. vfiqrobT, am teqstebis saTanadod Seswavla bevr Taviseburebas Tu saintereso movle-nas an faqts warmoaCens.

T aT aT aT a m a r l o mm a r l o mm a r l o mm a r l o m T aT aT aT a Z eZ eZ eZ e (quTaisi)

TeTeTeTemis nimis nimis nimis niSanSanSanSanTa gamoKeneTa gamoKeneTa gamoKeneTa gamoKenebasbasbasbasTan daTan daTan daTan dakavkavkavkavSiSiSiSirerererebubububuli Tali Tali Tali Tavivivivisesesesebubububu----rerererebebebebebi bi bi bi ququququTaTaTaTaiiiisur metKvesur metKvesur metKvesur metKvelelelelebabababaSiSiSiSi

enis ganviTarebis bunebrivi procesi Jer cocxal metKve-

lebaSi aisaxeba, xolo Semdeg gavrcelebulobis, gramatikuli sisworisa da enis sistemis unificirebis gaTvaliswinebiT sa-literaturo normad iqceva.

Temis niSnis gaCenis tendencia qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi karga xania SeniSnulia. saintereso suraTs gviCvenebs am mxriv quTaisuri metKveleba, sadac xSirad socialuri niSnis mixed-viT ganirCeva dialeqturi da saliteraturo formebis gamoKeneba.

Temis niSani dasturdeba fuZedrekad zmnebTan: magaliTad, acaacaacaacale, Jer ver wKvile, Jer ver wKvile, Jer ver wKvile, Jer ver wKvitavs, watavs, watavs, watavs, wamemememevivivivides Tu arades Tu arades Tu arades Tu ara. . . . maGali socia-luri fenis warmomadgenlebi, marTalia `wawawawamemememevivivividesdesdesdes~ ar gamoiKeneben, magram wKviwKviwKviwKvitavstavstavstavs maTi metKvelebisTvisac damaxasia-Tebeli formaa.

36

wKvetilsa da misgan nawarmoeb mwkrivebSi -i gaxmovanebiT warmodgenil fuZes daerTvis -av Temis niSani: Sen axSen axSen axSen axla iseT la iseT la iseT la iseT asakasakasakasakSi xar, biSi xar, biSi xar, biSi xar, biZia, ro unZia, ro unZia, ro unZia, ro undddda glia glia glia gliJavJavJavJavde Kvede Kvede Kvede Kvelalalalafersfersfersfers....

mxolobiTi ricxvis mesame pirSi, awmKosa da misgan nawar-moeb mwkrivebSi gvaqvs -ev: gigigigias atas atas atas atnevs fuls Senevs fuls Senevs fuls Senevs fuls SennnnTan da daTan da daTan da daTan da daxvTixvTixvTixvTi. . . .

mKofadSi mravlobiTi ricxvis mesame pirSi, uTemisniSno zmnebTan dasturdeba -eb-iani warmoeba: meiKvameiKvameiKvameiKvaneneneneben am biben am biben am biben am biyebs yebs yebs yebs da ari meda ari meda ari meda ari mere Sua Gamere Sua Gamere Sua Gamere Sua Gamemde ruzmde ruzmde ruzmde ruzrurururuzizizizi. . . . maGali wris warmomad-genlebTan paralelurad dasturdeba saliteraturo formac.

Zalze gavrcelebulia quTaisur metKvelebaSi -ia daboloe-ba -av da -am TemisniSnian zmnebTan: CaCaCaCaucucucucviaviaviavia////////CoCoCoCoucucucucvia tanvia tanvia tanvia tansacsacsacsacmemememe----li da wali da wali da wali da wasusususulalalala. . . . dadadadauuuumamamamalia Tolia Tolia Tolia Tofi Cufi Cufi Cufi CumaTmaTmaTmaT....

-eb sufiqsiani statikuri zmnebi, xSirad -ob bolosarTia-ni formebiT icvleba: ras Griras Griras Griras GriaaaalobT, galobT, galobT, galobT, gaCumCumCumCumdiTdiTdiTdiT....

quTaisSi mcxovreb qarTvel ebraelebTan dasturdeba -av Temis niSnis nacvlad, -am niSnis gamoKeneba. sxva quTaiselebTan es movlena ar SeiniSneba: : : : dadadadavkumvkumvkumvkumplamT KurplamT KurplamT KurplamT KurZen da ise Zen da ise Zen da ise Zen da ise vaKenefT GvivaKenefT GvivaKenefT GvivaKenefT Gvinosnosnosnos.

ebraelebTan dasturdeba agreTve -eb Temis niSnis nacvlad -i: Cem Svil abCem Svil abCem Svil abCem Svil abrarararalis Kvelis Kvelis Kvelis Kvelalalalaferferferfer....

q eq eq eq e T eT eT eT e v a n m a rv a n m a rv a n m a rv a n m a r g ig ig ig i aaaa n in in in i ---- s us us us u b ab ab ab a r ir ir ir i (Tbilisi) TurTurTurTurmemememeoooobiTbiTbiTbiTTa warmoTa warmoTa warmoTa warmoeeeeba enba enba enba enguguguguririririsa da kosa da kosa da kosa da kododododoris xeris xeris xeris xeoooobabababaTaTaTaTa momomomosaxsaxsaxsaxleleleleoooobis metKvebis metKvebis metKvebis metKvelelelelebabababaSiSiSiSi

svanuri zmnis uGlebaSi TurmeobiTi gansakuTrebiT rTu-li droa rogorc warmoebis, aseve semantikuri niuansebis mra-valferovnebis TvalsazrisiT.

v. Tofuria svanurSi `Turmes~ gagebis Semcvel oTx mwkrivs gamoKofs; qarTuli I da II TurmeobiTis badal mwkri-vebs _ namKosrulsa da namKo winarewarsuls (rezultatiuri I da II) III seriaSi ganixilavs, xolo specifikur, sakuTriv svanur I da II TurmeobiTs _ I seriaSi;

37

1. I TurmeobiTis forma Sedgeba awmKos sazedao qceva + ----inininin----aaaa (bz.), ----unununun----a a a a (bq.) sufiqsebisagan (á-ð-ÁÌ-ÉÍ-À (bz.), á-ð-ÁÌ-ÖÍ-À (bq.) _ `abamda Turme~).

gansakuTrebiT Taviseburi Sedgenilobisaa II TurmeobiTis formebi: Ëé+ÌÀ+ÀßÌÚÏÓ ×ÖÞÄ+-ÖÍ-Ä da meSveli zmna, romelic III pirSi zogJer arc daerTvis (Ëé-Ì-ÂðÌ-æÍ-Ä ËÉ | ËéÌÂðÌæÉÍ _ `aSenebda Turme, naSeneba~).

miuxedavad didi gansxvavebisa, v. Tofuria I da II Turmeo-biTTa Soris bevri saerTos arsebobasac adasturebs: unaxavis gadmocema, awmKos fuZis gamoKeneba, fuZeSi fonetikuri proce-sebi; Cveni azriT, moqm. gvaris zmnaTa TurmeobiTebSi sufiqs-Ta -inininin---- (bz.), ----unununun---- (bq.) identurobac ar unda iKos SemTxveviTi.

xom ar aJobebda aGniSnuli mwkrivebis gaerTianeba Turmeo-biTi I-is saxelwodebiTa da Semdegi interpretaciiT: mwkrivi, romelic sxvadasxvagvarad ewarmoeba, erTi mxriv, sazedao da sasxviso, xolo, meore mxriv, saTaviso da saarviso qcevis zmnebs.

2. namKosrulis mawarmoebelia sufiqsi ----a, a, a, a, romlis winac aaaa---- prefiqsian gardauval da awmKos statikur formebs xSirad Ca-erTvis -ëÍ/-ÄÍ sufiqsi: áðÌÈØæ-ÄÍ-À `sCvev{ eb} ia, sCveoda Tur-me~. v. Tofuria aGniSnavs, rom msgavsi movlena qarTulSic Se-iniSneba da sakiTxs, Tu romelia ufro Zveli, hgohgohgohgoninininia a a a Tu hgohgohgohgo----nenenenebia, bia, bia, bia, áðÌÈØæ-À Tu áðÌÈØæ-ëÍ-À, Giad tovebs.

a. onianis azriT, radganac I TurmeobiTis mawarmoebeli aseT formebSic ----aaaa aris, , , , amitom elementebi -ëÍ, -ÄÍ unda warmoadgendnen fuZis erT-erTi variantis kuTvnilebas. xom ar unda vivaraudoT, rom aGniSnuli elementebi mainc sufiqsebia, ganviTarebuli mas Semdeg, rac statikuri vnebiTis awmKom, ro-gorc n. naTaZe aGniSnavs, `mniSvnelobis evoluciis Sedegad, TurTurTurTurmemememeØØØØs gageba SeiZina~; Tumca, misive azriT, am faqtma `asaxva ver pova formaSi romelime mawarmoeblis saxiT.~ Cveni azriT, ar gamoiricxeba, rom mocemul SemTxvevaSi -ëÍ/-ÄÍ sworedac am sayiroebis safuZvelze ganviTarebuliKo, Tumca paraleluri formebi (xaxaxaxara ra ra ra || xa xa xa xarerererenananana `hqonia~, xadxadxadxadgagagagara ra ra ra || xad xad xad xadgagagagarerererenananana `mohkvdo-mia~) dGemde arsebobs.

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3. a. SaniZe ganmartavs, rom mwkrivis SigniT icvleba piri da ricxvi; ucucucucvlevlevlevlelia dro, kilia dro, kilia dro, kilia dro, kilo, gzilo, gzilo, gzilo, gzisosososoba, aqba, aqba, aqba, aqti, Tati, Tati, Tati, Tanamnamnamnamdevdevdevdevrorororoba ba ba ba (xazi Cvenia _ q. m.).

SevniSnavT, rom svanur I TurmeobiTSi (rezultatiuri I) aqtisadmi damokidebuleba gansxvavebulia zmniswinian da uz-mniswino formebSi; Tu qarTulSi ukukukukrerererefia _ mofia _ mofia _ mofia _ moukukukukrerererefiafiafiafia, uSeuSeuSeuSe----nenenenebia _ aubia _ aubia _ aubia _ auSeSeSeSenenenenebia bia bia bia mxolod aspeqturi opoziciaa (es formebi unaxaobis aqts konteqstis gareSe calsaxad da mKarad ver gamoxataven), svanurSi analogiuri mdgomareoba mxolod uzuzuzuz----mnismnismnismniswiwiwiwino no no no formebSia: erTi da igive zmnuri forma, kiTxviTi, ukuTqmiTi Tu warTqmiTi konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZle-ba atarebdes unaxaobis semantikas an moklebuli iKos mas; Zi-riTadpreverbiani an rTulpreverbiani zmnebi mxolod unaxao-bis aqtis gamomxatvelad gvevlineba aGniSnuli mwkrivis forma-Si.

4. kodoris xeobaSi mcxovrebTa metKvelebaSi, romelic in-terferenciulobiT xasiaTdeba, xSiria balsqvemo svaneTidan odesGac gadasaxlebulTa mier balszemouri TurmeobiTis formebis gamoKeneba da piriqiT. interferenciiTve unda aix-snas is faqti, rom namKosrulis sazedao qcevis formebSi warmodgenili -ëÍ/-ÄÍ elementi, romelic, Cveulebriv, balsze-mouris namKowinarewarsulSi ugulebelKofilia (v. Tofuria: áÀÙæëÍá `hqonodaT~, áÀáËëÍá `scodnodaT~), kodorel balsze-moelTa metKvelebaSi xSirad dasturdeba: ÎÀÒðÙ áÄÊæÄÓ ÁÆÀÈ áÀÙæëÍëÍá _ `iaraGi mzad unda hqonodaT~; ÀÌÉÓ ÄÓÄÒ ÌóÎ ×ðÓ áóÆ, Äã’ëÓÄÒ áÄÊæÄÓ ÜÖ áÀáËëÍëÍá _ `amas ra fasi adevs, is unda gcodnodaTo~.

preverbis aaaa----, , , , romelic balsqvemourSi oooo----Àd aris warmodge-nili, xSirad kodoreli balszemouri kilos warmomadgenlebis metKvelebaSic iCens Tavs da balszemouri ðÌàÊÄÑëËÉá `amowKve-tilan~, ÜæÀËÛÉáëËÉ `damwvara~ formebis adgilas gvxvdeba grZeli xmovnebiT gaformebuli TurmeobiTis balsqvemouri formebi: ÏÌàÊÄÑëËÉá, ÜæÏËÛÉáëËÉ...

5. idiomatur gamoTqmebSi, romlebic dalocvas, wKevlas, natvras gulisxmoben, dGevandel saliteraturo qarTulSi zmnis kavSirebiTi kilos formebi ixmareba: `bednierad gev-los~, `miwa gagiskdes~... svanuri ki kidev ufro met arqaulo-

39

bas avlens, Zveli qarTulisTvis Cveul -mcamcamcamca (sv. ----uuuu (bz.) ----oG oG oG oG (bq.) nawilakian konstruqcias imeorebs da kvlavac Turmeobi-Tis formebs iKenebs: áÏÜÀ ËÉÒÃÄæ ÏÈâÉÃÀá _ `kargi cxovre-bamca gautarebiaT _ kargi cxovreba gaataron~; ÌÉÜÀ ËÀÃÄÙÖ ÄÓÄÒ ÄÓØÄÌÀ ÌðÒÉáÓ _ `misi dGemc Sematebiao marexs = misi dGe Seematoso marexs~.

T aT aT aT a m a r m am a r m am a r m am a r m a x ax ax ax a r o br o br o br o b l il il il i ZZZZ e e e e (Tbilisi) P

pipipipiririririaaaanonononoba da vaba da vaba da vaba da valenlenlenlentotototoba qarba qarba qarba qarTulTulTulTulSi Si Si Si cnobilia, rom iq sadac mdidaria zmnuri morfologia, na-

klebi sayiroebaa rigi sxva tipis kategoriebis arsebobisa. po-lipersonaluri zmna da brunvaTa sistema aTavisuflebs sitKvaTa rigs winadadebaSi.

qarTul zmnaSi xdeba piris referentTa Sexvedra prefiq-sul poziciaSi, rac saTaves udebs uamrav gansxvavebul mosaz-rebas am Temaze. vfiqrobT, rom pirianobisa da valentobis sa-kiTxi seriozul dazustebas moiTxovs. Cveni azriT, pirianoba, rogorc morfologiuri kategoria zedmiwevniT koreqtuli analiziT aris mocemuli tradiciul gramatikaSi. ar SeiZleba qarTul zmnaSi nulovani markirebis mqone an saerTod aramar-kirebuli pirebi (Od. III) ar CaiTvalos pirianobis Semadgenel elementebad, radgan uGlebis paradigmebi pirianobis swored aseT gagebas emKareba da am principebzea agebuli. amdenad, pi-rianobis SemoTavazebul `axlebur~ gaazrebas mravali wi-naaGmdegoba axlavs Tan.

qarTul enaSi valentobis cnebis gaazreba indoevropuli modelis mixedviT Secdoma iqneboda. tipologiuri kvlevisa-Tvis Girebuli iqneba, rom valentoba miCneuli iKos ara sin-taqsur, aramed semantikur kategoriad. maSin valentobis mo-rfo-semantika, Sesabamisad, gansxvavebulad aisaxeba monoperso-nalur da polipersonalur enebSi. SegveZleba universaluri erTeulebis gamoKofac; kerZod, ababababsosososolulululututututuri linri linri linri lingvisgvisgvisgvistutututuri ri ri ri

40

uniuniuniuniverververversasasasalia iqlia iqlia iqlia iqneneneneba Semba Semba Semba Semdedededegi _ Kvegi _ Kvegi _ Kvegi _ Kvela enala enala enala enaSi arSi arSi arSi arsesesesebobs ganbobs ganbobs ganbobs gansxvasxvasxvasxva----vevevevebubububuli vali vali vali valenlenlenlentotototobis zmnebis zmnebis zmnebis zmnebi da am sxvabi da am sxvabi da am sxvabi da am sxvaoooobabababaTa reTa reTa reTa reaaaalilililizezezezeba ki ba ki ba ki ba ki kerkerkerkerZo graZo graZo graZo gramamamamatitititikakakakaTa probTa probTa probTa problelelelememememebiabiabiabia....

d ad ad ad a m am am am a n a m en a m en a m en a m e l il il il i q i Sq i Sq i Sq i S v iv iv iv i llll i i i i ((((Tbilisi)

pipipipiris niris niris niris niSanSanSanSanTa funTa funTa funTa funqciqciqciqciuuuuri cxriri cxriri cxriri cxrili qarli qarli qarli qarTuTuTuTulililili sasasasalilililiteteteterarararatutututuro eniro eniro eniro enisa da disa da disa da disa da diaaaaleqleqleqleqtetetetebibibibisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia qarTuli zmnis piris niSanTa funqciuri cxrili diaTezebis mixedviT, romelic axasiaTebs da warmoaCens ara mxolod Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteratu-ro enisa da (gansakuTrebiT) dialeqtebis, aramed qarTveluri enebis zmnis uGlebis sistemas.

Øpirdapiri

obieqtih-, s- Ø

Ø-

-T

-T

-ØØ, -T -s, -a iribi obieqti

Ø-, h-, s-,

3

Ø- -g-2

-TØ-, h-, s--en, -an, -nen, -n, -es

-s, -a, -o3

-Tg--TØ-, x-2

mravlobiTimravlobiTimravlobiTimravlobiTimravlobiTimravlobiTimravlobiTimravlobiTi mxolobiTimxolobiTimxolobiTimxolobiTimxolobiTimxolobiTimxolobiTimxolobiTi

gv- -T -T

v-m-1obieqtiobieqtiobieqtiobieqti

m-, v-1subieqtisubieqtisubieqtisubieqti

I diaTeza (I diaTeza (I diaTeza (I diaTeza (S-dat.) III .) III .) III .) III

seriaSiseriaSiseriaSiseriaSi

III diaTeza (III diaTeza (III diaTeza (III diaTeza (S-dat.) .) .) .) I,II,III seriebSi I,II,III seriebSi I,II,III seriebSi I,II,III seriebSi

I diaTeza (I diaTeza (I diaTeza (I diaTeza (S-nom.-erg.) I.) I.) I.) I----II seriebSiII seriebSiII seriebSiII seriebSi

II diaTeza (II diaTeza (II diaTeza (II diaTeza (S-nom.-nom.) I,II,III seriebSi .) I,II,III seriebSi .) I,II,III seriebSi .) I,II,III seriebSi

piris niSnebi piris niSnebi piris niSnebi piris niSnebi

41

n an an an a n un un un u l i n o G a il i n o G a il i n o G a il i n o G a i d ed ed ed e l il il il i (baTumi)

zmnaszmnaszmnaszmnasTan daTan daTan daTan dakavkavkavkavSiSiSiSirerererebubububuli ramli ramli ramli ramdedededeninininime Tame Tame Tame Tavivivivisesesesebubububuri mori mori mori movlevlevlevlena na na na qoqoqoqobubububuleleleleTur metKveTur metKveTur metKveTur metKvelelelelebabababaSiSiSiSi

qobuleTur metKvelebas zogJer Tqmas (b. JorbenaZe), zog-

Jer kidev kilokavs uwodeben (S. nijaraZe). qobuleTuri gu-rul da ayarul kiloebs Soris gardamavali zonis metKvele-baa. am mosazrebas qobuleTurSi ukve dafiqsirebul enobriv TaviseburebebTan erTad, amKarebs zogierT zmnasTan dakavSire-buli ramdenime saKuradGebo movlena. magaliTad: subieqturi meore da obieqturi mesame piris hhhh niSnis nacvlad umetes Se-mTxvevaSi axlac xxxx bgera gamoiKeneba (xgavs, daxkarga, mixgva-ra...). aseve, sawKiss kekekekeTeTeTeTebabababa xSirad enacvleba qceva da qmna. qceva gamoiKeneba I seriis awmKos mwkrivis formebiT (eqceva, eq-ceoda, eqceodes), xolo qmnaqmnaqmnaqmna _ mKofadis mwkrivis formebiT (iqs, iqda, iqdes). damaxasiaTebelia drois garemoebis gamomxat-veli formebi eieieieiersersersers, gegegegeiiiiersersersers, gagagagamemememeiiiiersersersers... (avlisas, gavlisas, gamovlisas....), romlebic miGebulia Zveli qarTuli rrrreeeebabababasasasasagangangangan da aGniSnavs erTi moqmedebis paralelur sxva moqmedebas dro-Si.

n in in in i k ok ok ok o l o z o T il o z o T il o z o T il o z o T i n a Sn a Sn a Sn a S v iv iv iv i l il il il i (gori)

momomomoqmeqmeqmeqmededededebis aGmniSbis aGmniSbis aGmniSbis aGmniSvnevnevnevneli toli toli toli toppppooooninininimemememebibibibi toponimTa zmnuri modeliT didi xania dainteresdnen ge-

ografiul saxelwodebaTa mkvlevarni. araerT mkvlevars aGuniSnavs, formirebaSi zmnebi naklebad monawileoben.

zemo qarTlSi, Javis, cxinvalis raionebSi ramdenime topo-nimi davadastureT. mcire aris zmnuri fuZeebiT warmodgenili toponimebic. aqve unda aGvniSnoT, rom zmnebi saTqmels zus-tad gadmoscemen, isini TiTqos meti eqspresiulobiT xasiaTde-bian da meti gamomsaxvelobiTi unaric aqvT. aq kargad Cans

42

qarTveli kacis damokidebuleba sagnebisa da movlenebis mi-marT.

xoxis kavkasi _ Javis raionSi, centralur kavkasionze. va-xuSti batoniSvils mocemuli aqvs Tavis `aGweraSi~. mecnieris ganmartebiT, `kaci da cxeni mTaze xoxviT gadava da es saxeli mTas SerCa dGevandlamde~. amosavali formaa sawKisi _ xoxva, v bgera daikarga da saxelis saxelobiTi brunvis formiT mi-viGeT `xoxi~.

edisi _ nasoflari Javis raionSi. xalxuri etimologiiT ase ganimarteba `ee dis~, rac mjave wKlebis nakads ukavSirdeba, romelic mdinare liaxvis erT-erT saTaves warmoadgens.

ardisi _ nasoflari meJudis xeobaSi. xalxuri etimolo-giiT `ara dis~, rac zafxulobiT mdinaris daSrobasTan aris dakavSirebuli.

mdinare Kvirilam saxelwodeba miiGo sitKvidan Kvirili, rac mTlianad SeesatKviseba mdinaris xasiaTs. ramdenime ad-gils gvxvdeba mikrotoponimi mKvirilia mTa. -il sufiqsi vnebi-Ti gvaris mimGeobas warmoadgens.

cxinvalis dasavleTiT wunarSi dgas mefe Tamaris droin-deli taZari, romelic daxvewili proporciebiT ar gamoirCeva. taZari TiTqos unaxavs mefe qals da uTqvams _ `wun ariso~, dawunebuli aris.

zmnuri fuZeebiT aris gaformebuli mikrotoponimebi: du-duna, zuzuna, wona _ gaiwona, xwva, rac wvas niSnavs da sxva.

saxelzmniT aris Sedgenili: xaris sawoli, xaris saklavi, cxvris sawoli.

aseTi toponimebi ocze metia da imisi dasturia, rom zemo qarTlis mTiani nawili imTaviTve qarTvelTa winapari xalxiT iKo dasaxlebuli.

43

m em em em e r a b r or a b r or a b r or a b r o b ab ab ab a q iq iq iq i Z eZ eZ eZ e (Tbilisi)

zozozozogigigigiererererTi struqTi struqTi struqTi struqtutututururururuli msgavli msgavli msgavli msgavsesesesebis Sebis Sebis Sebis Sesasasasaxeb qarxeb qarxeb qarxeb qarTuTuTuTuli li li li da somda somda somda somxuxuxuxuri eneri eneri eneri enebis zmnis sisbis zmnis sisbis zmnis sisbis zmnis sistetetetemamamamaSiSiSiSi

1. qarTul da somxur enebs Soris xangrZlivi mravalsau-

kunebrivi urTierTobis gamo erTmaneTze uSualo gavleniTa da struqturuli msgavsebiT aGbeydili bevri saerTo movle-na SeiniSneba.

2. msgavsebani gamovlenilia ori enis zmnis sistemebSic. iv. SilakaZis mier Seswavlilia somxuri enis uGlebis kategoriebi akaki SaniZis mwkrivis Teoriis Suqze. aGniSnulia, rom somxu-ri enis e. w. winarewarsuli drois formebi Seicaven unaxaobi-sa da Tanamdevrobis kategoriebs, romlebic unda aisaxos som-xuri enis zmnuri formebis saxeldebaSi. mis mierve, sazogadod gamoTqmulia sxva xasiaTis Sexedulebebi, romlebic ZiriTadad gaziarebulia ak. SaniZis mier. dasmul sakiTxebs saKuradGebod miiCneven da mTel rig SemTxvevebSi iziareben somexi enaTmecni-erebi.

3. somxuri enis zmnis sistemaSi XII-XIII ss-dan momavali drois formebis gamosaxatavad mkvidrdeba `ku~ prefiqsi, rome-lic somex da qarTvel mecnierTa (ak. SaniZe, g. Gafanciani) az-riT, qarTveluri enebis gavleniT aixsneba. msgavseba SeiniSneba `um~ sufiqsSic, romlebic awmKo da namKo usruli formebis sawarmoeblad gamoiKeneba da qarTvelur enebSic analogiuri funqcia aqvs.

n an an an a n a s an a s an a s an a s a aaaa k ak ak ak a Z eZ eZ eZ e (Tbilisi)

zmnur forzmnur forzmnur forzmnur formamamamaTa warmoTa warmoTa warmoTa warmoeeeebis Tabis Tabis Tabis Tavivivivisesesesebubububurerererebabababani ni ni ni qveqveqveqvemomomomoqarqarqarqarTlurTlurTlurTlurSiSiSiSi

qarTluri kilo gansxvavebulia qarTlis calkeuli kuTxee-

bis mixedviT, gansxvaveba igrZnoba xeobebsa da raionebs Sori-

44

sac, amitom misi Seswavla regionuli TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelo-vania. Tumca isic unda iTqvas, rom qarTlurisaTvis damaxasia-Tebeli ZiriTadi Taviseburebani qarTlis TiTqmis Kvela ku-Txis metKvelebas axasiaTebs.

aGsaniSnavia, rom qarTlis zogierTi adgilis mosaxleoba Tavisi eTnikuri warmoSobiT erTferovani ar aris da amasac erTgvari gavlena mouxdenia Taviseburi metKvelebis SeqmnaSi. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva qvemo qarTli. qvemoqarTlu-ri qvemo qarTlSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis metKvelebaa, rome-lic gamoirCeva zmnur formaTa warmoebis TaviseburebebiT. maTgan aGsaniSnavia:

Se- zmniswinis nacvlad Sa-s xmareba, Tu mas fonetikuri procesi xels ar uSlis, TiTqmis mTeli qarTlurisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, magram marneulis raionis qarTlur sofleb-Si (weraqvsa da sionSi), romlebic teritoriulad gankerZoe-bulia, adgili ara aqvs am movlenas da SenarCunebulia sali-teraturo qarTulis viTareba. preverbebis darTvisas mTel qvemo qarTlSi xSirad gvxvdeba ama/amo monacvleoba: amaitana, (amoitana), amaiGo (amoiGo)...

mTel qvemoqarTlurSi zmnaTa uGlebis dros I seriaSi Te-mis niSnad gabatonebulia -am bolosarTi -av sufiqsTan, uTe-misniSno, fuZedrekad i Temis niSnian zmnebTan: barams, davxa-tam, dasweram, marglams, werams, wKvetams, Kidams... am mxriv qve-moqarTluri ukavSirdeba kaxursa da sxva aGmosavlur kiloebs.

qvemoqarTlurSi -am gvaqvs -eb Temis niSnis nacvladac: aSe-nams, gavakeTam, vaSenam, vapuram... afuams, agundavams, apurams, anaTams, avarJiSams... aGniSnuli movlena Jer kidev adreve iqna SeniSnuli da specialur literaturaSi damowmebulia goma-ruli magaliTebis mixedviT (v. Tofuria). Cans, am SemTxvevaSi unda moqmedebdes unifikaciis tendencia.

gavrcelebulia agreTve Temis niSanTa Semdegi monacvleo-bani:

am/av: davabav, gavyKlitav... ob/om: gamovacxom, movawKom... dasturdeba zmnur formaTa amgvari warmoebac: sTlis,

syris, syams... (bolnisis r-ni).

45

xSirad xelsaKreli fonetikuri poziciis gamo, ikargeba SI piris niSani mTels qvemo qarTlSi da gvaqvs formebi: ocnebob (vocnebob), uxmob (vuxmob), ukrav (vukrav), uwer (vuwer), uxa-tav (vuxatav), ukiTxav (vukiTxav).

igive SeiZleba iTqvas agreTve leqsikuri diferenciaciis Sesaxeb qvemo qarTlis sxvadasxva regions Soris.

r ur ur ur u s us us us u d a n s ad a n s ad a n s ad a n s a GGGG i n ai n ai n ai n a Z eZ eZ eZ e (Tbilisi) zmnuzmnuzmnuzmnuri imeri imeri imeri imerizrizrizrizmemememebibibibi

1. zmnur formaTa Ziebisa da damkvidrebis procesis amsax-vel mdidar masalas KovelTvis iZleva enis sistemis sxvadasxva rgoli da gansakuTrebiT dialeqtebi.

ena viTardeba, erTi mxriv, formaTcvlilebisa da, meore mxriv, axal leqsikur erTeulTa warmoSobis Sedegad. aGniS-nul movlenebs aqvs adgili dialeqtebSic, maT Soris, imerul-Si.

2. zmnur formaTa cvlilebas SeiZleba hqondes sxvadasxva safuZveli:

a) fonetikuri: mimimimiexexexexweweweweva, zdiva, zdiva, zdiva, zdida, mida, mida, mida, mibZabZabZabZaneT, ganeT, ganeT, ganeT, gagZelgZelgZelgZeldedededeba, gaba, gaba, gaba, ga----carcarcarcarcves, dacves, dacves, dacves, daiiiinaxnaxnaxnaxsovsovsovsovre, ere, ere, ere, eyyyyivivivivrerererebabababa............

b) morfologiuri: gagagagaqven, qonqven, qonqven, qonqven, qondedededen, ewn, ewn, ewn, ewvivivivien, Seen, Seen, Seen, SekrTen, xmakrTen, xmakrTen, xmakrTen, xmauuuu----rrrrobobobobden, den, den, den, wuxwuxwuxwuxlalalalaririririen, dgaen, dgaen, dgaen, dgalalalalaririririen, tien, tien, tien, tiririririenenenen............

g) Zveli viTareba: unobs, uTxrounobs, uTxrounobs, uTxrounobs, uTxrobibibibiaT, miaT, miaT, miaT, mivlenvlenvlenvlen............ 3. xSirad enis sistemaSi arsebuli maragis gamoKenebiT

Cndeba axali zmnuri dialeqtizmebi. aseTia, magaliTad, aGayiaGayiaGayiaGayiaaaa----lesleslesles ( ( ( (<<<<GayGayGayGay, , , , Sdr.: GayaGayaGayaGaya----GuyiGuyiGuyiGuyi=Znelad Geyva (qegl) da GayuGayuGayuGayunininini (gur.)=mZimed laparaki)))) ==== gaayianures; nanananayavsyavsyavsyavs ( ( ( (<<<< nanananayayayaya _ _ _ _ 1. naya (imer., gur., leCx.) _ Suacecxlze qvabis Camosakidebeli Jayvi, sakideli (i. yKon.); Jayvi, saqvabe (m. Ciq.); 2. naya (gur., ayar.) _ wengo (g. SaraS., S. niJar.); 3. naya (qv. imer.) _ lafani, lafnis xe (a. maK.); 4. naya (qv. imer.) _ puris galewvis Semdeg darCenili namJa (z. yumb.)...)))) = nayas, kans akravs; ekoekoekoekowiwiwiwiaaaawewewewebabababa

46

((((<<<<kokokokowiwiwiwiaaaawiwiwiwi, , , , Sdr.: kokokokowiwiwiwiwiwiwiwi _ erTmaneTze Camokideba, bGlaZuni _ p. gaCeC.)=)=)=)=ebGauyeba, eweva (q. Zow.); pupupupuwiwiwiwiaaaawobwobwobwobdendendenden ( ( ( (<<<<pupupupuwiwiwiwiaaaawiwiwiwi, , , , Sdr.: dadadadapupupupuwavswavswavswavs _ _ _ _ daSlis, daburdavs (Zafs...) _ p. gaCeC.)=)=)=)=ire-odnen; GGGGononononGGGGilobilobilobilobdadadada ( ( ( (<<<<GGGGononononGGGGilililil, , , , Sdr.: GGGGooooGGGGiaiaiaialililili>>>>GGGGooooGGGGiaiaiaialobslobslobslobs an GGGGooooGGGGvavavava>>>>GGGGooooGGGGavsavsavsavs====Zlivs dadis, agreTve imer. Gonciali= 1. uGonos susti siaruli (al. Gl.); 2. qanaoba, rweva (i. qavT.)...)=)=)=)= daGoGavda, Zlivs dadioda, arsebobda; ; ; ; memememeyyyyininininyyyyvlevlevlevlebabababa ((((<<<<yyyyininininyyyyvelvelvelvel)=)=)=)=TiTqos yianyvelebi dadian, jruanteli mivlis; gamogamogamogamoaaaaxxxxooooxoxoxoxoririririkakakaka ((((<<<<xoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoririririkikikiki _ unaKofo, mousavliani adgili, xrioki _ p. gaCeC.)=gamoacariela...

imerulis masalas ganvixilavT qarTuli enis saerTo siste-mis fonze.

m em em em e d e a s a G l id e a s a G l id e a s a G l id e a s a G l i aaaa n in in in i (Tbilisi)

susususubibibibieqeqeqeqtutututuri da obiri da obiri da obiri da obieqeqeqeqtutututuri wKobis zri wKobis zri wKobis zri wKobis zmnamnamnamnaTa Ta Ta Ta uGleuGleuGleuGlebis nibis nibis nibis nimumumumuSeSeSeSebi svabi svabi svabi svanurnurnurnurSiSiSiSi

ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÝÍÏÁÉËÉÀ, ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÆÌÍÀÛÉ, ÉÓÄÅÄ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉ,

ÓÀÂÀÍÂÄÁÏ ÍÉÛÍÉÈÀÀ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉ ÓÖÁÉÄØÔÉÝÀ ÃÀ ÏÁÉÄØÔÉÝ, ÈÖÌÝÀ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÆÌÍÀÛÉ áÀÍ ÌáÏËÏà ÓÖÁÉÄØÔÖÒÉ ÐÉÒÉ ÜÀÍÃÄÓ (ÌÀÂ.: áæ-ÀÃÂðÒÉ `Å-ÊËÀÅ", áæ-ðÓÚÉ `ÅÀÊÄÈÄÁ", áæ-ÀâÍÉ `ÅáÍÀÅ", áæ-ÀáÔðæÉ `ÅáÀÔÀÅ" ÃÀ À. Û.), áÀÍ _ ÌáÏËÏà ÏÁÉÄØÔÖÒÉ (ÌÀÂ.: ã-ÀÃÂðÒÉ `ÂÊËÀÅ", ã-ÉÓÚÉ `ÂÉÊÄÈÄÁ", ã-ÉâÍÉ `ÂÉáÍÀÅ", ã-ÀáÔðæÉ `ÂáÀÔÀÅ" ÃÀ À. Û.), áÀÍÀÝ _ ÀÒÝ ÄÒÈÉ (ÌÀÂ.: ÀÃÂðÒÉ `ÊËÀÅÓ", ðÓÚÉ `ÀÊÄÈÄÁÓ", ÀâÍÉ `áÍÀÅÓ", ÀáÔðæÉ `áÀÔÀÅÓ" ÃÀ À. Û.). ÓÀÂÖËÉÓáÌÏÀ, ÒÏÌ ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÆÌÍÀÛÉ, ØÀÒÈÖËÉÓÂÀÍ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÉÈ, ÏÒ ÃÀ ÓÀÌÐÉÒÉÀÍ ÆÌÍÄÁÛÉ ÓÖÁÉÄØÔÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÏÁÉÄØÔÉÓ (ÐÉÒÃÀÐÉÒÉ ÀÍ ÉÒÉÁÉ) ÐÉÒÉÓ ÍÉÛÍÄÁÉ ÄÒÈÃÒÏÖËÀà ÀÒÀÓÃÒÏÓ ÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉ (ÛÃÒ. ØÀÒÈ. Ì-áÀÔÀÅ-Ó ÃÀ ÓÅÀÍ. Ì-ÀáÔðæÉ). ÒÏÃÄÓÀÝ ÆÌÍÀÓ ÅÀÖÙËÄÁÈ (ÀÍÖ ÅÝÅËÉÈ ÌÀÓ ÐÉÒÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÒÉÝáÅÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ), ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ:

À) ÅÝÅÀËÏÈ ÌáÏËÏà ÓÖÁÉÄØÔÖÒÉ ÐÉÒÉ ÃÀ ÖÝÅËÄËÉ ÃÀÅÔÏÅÏÈ ÏÁÉÄØÔÖÒÉ:

47

ÌÉ (S1) áæ-ÀÃÂðÒÉ `ÅÊËÀÅ"

ÓÉ (S2) á-ÀÃÂðÒÉ `ÊËÀÅ"

ÄãÀ|ÄãÉ (S3) ÀÃÂðÒÉ `ÊËÀÅÓ"

Íð{Î}

(S1)

Si Ë-ÀÃÂðÒÉ-Ã `ÅÊËÀÅÈ"

Se áæ-ÀÃÂðÒÉ-Ã `ÅÊËÀÅÈ"

ÄãÀÓ|ÄãÉÓ (03)

ÓÂð{Î} (S2) á-ÀÃÂðÒÉ-Ã `ÊËÀÅÈ"

ÄãÎðÒ (S3) ÀÃÂðÒÉ-á `ÊËÀÅÄÍ"

ÉÌÂÅÀÒ ßÚÏÁÀÓ, ÒÏÃÄÓÀÝ ÉÝÅËÄÁÀ ÓÖÁÉÄØÔÉÓ ÐÉÒÄÁÉ (ÒÉÝáÅÉÓ

ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈÀÝ), ÏÁÉÄØÔÉÓÀ ÊÉ _ ÀÒÀ, ÓÖÁÉÄØÔÖÒÉ ßÚÏÁÀ ÄßÏÃÄÁÀ. Á) ÀÍ ÊÉÃÄÅ: ÅÝÅÀËÏÈ ÏÁÉÄØÔÖÒÉ ÐÉÒÉ ÃÀ ÓÖÁÉÄØÔÖÒÉ ÊÉ

ÖÝÅËÄËÉ ÃÀÅÔÏÅÏÈ:

Ì-ÀÃÂðÒÉ `ÌÊËÀÅÓ" ÌÉ (01)

ã-ÀÃÂðÒÉ `ÂÊËÀÅÓ" ÓÉ (02) ÀÃÂðÒÉ `ÊËÀÅÓ" ãÀÓ|ÄãÉÓ (03)

ÄãÀ|ÄãÉ (03)

0i Âæ-ÀÃÂðÒÉ `ÂÅÊËÀÅÓ" 0e Í-ÀÃÂðÒÉ `ÂÅÊËÀÅÓ"

Íð{Î} Íð{Î}

(01) (01)

ã-ÀÃÂðÒÉ-á `ÂÊËÀÅÄÍ" ÓÂð{Î} (02) ÀÃÂðÒÉ `ÊËÀÅÓ" ÄãÎðÒÓ (03)

ÈÖ ÓÖÁÉÄØÔÖÒÉ ÐÉÒÉ ÖÝÅËÄËÉÀ, ÏÁÉÄØÔÉÓÀ ÊÉ _ ÝÅÀËÄÁÀÃÉ, Ä. É. ÄÓ ÀÒÉÓ ÏÁÉÄØÔÖÒÉ ßÚÏÁÀ. ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÝÍÏÁÉËÉÀ, ØÀÒÈÖËÉ ÏÒ ÃÀ ÓÀÌÐÉÒÉÀÍÉ ÆÌÍÄÁÉÓ ÖÌÒÀÅËÄÓÏÁÀÓ ÏÒÉÅÄ ßÚÏÁÀ ÂÀÀÜÍÉÀ, ÌÀÂ.: Å-ÀØÄÁ... Ì-ÀØÄÁ-Ó..., Å-ÀÈÁÏÁ... Ì-ÀÈÁÏÁ-Ó..., Å-ÀßÉÈËÄÁ... Ì-ÀßÉÈËÄÁ-Ó ÃÀ ÓáÅ., ÒÀÓÀÝ ÅÄÒ ÅÉÔÚÅÉÈ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÆÌÍÉÓ ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ, ÒÀÃÂÀÍÀÝ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÖÊÅÄ ÉÈØÅÀ, ÏÒ ÃÀ ÓÀÌÐÉÒÉÀÍ ÆÌÍÄÁÛÉ ÓÖÁÉÄØÔÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÏÁÉÄØÔÉÓ ÐÉÒÉÓ ÍÉÛÍÄÁÉ (Ä. É. ÓÖÁÉÄØÔÖÒÉ ÃÀ ÏÁÉÄØÔÖÒÉ ßÚÏÁÀ) ÄÒÈÃÒÏÖËÀà ÀÓÀáÖËÉ ÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ. ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÂÅÀØÅÓ ÉÓÄÈÉ ÆÌÍÄÁÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÈÀÝ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ßÄÓÉ

À) ÀÍ ÌáÏËÏà ÓÖÁÉÄØÔÖÒÉ ßÚÏÁÀ ÀØÅÈ (ÖÝÅËÄË ÏÁÉÄØÔÀà ÀÌ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉ ÌÄÓÀÌÄ ÏÁÉÄØÔÖÒÉ ÐÉÒÉÀ):

48

ÌÉ (S1) Ì-ÉáÀË `ÅÉÝÉ" ÓÉ (S2) ã-ÉáÀË `ÉÝÉ" ÄãÀÓ|ÄãÉÓ (S3) á-ÏáÀË `ÉÝÉÓ" Íð{Î}

(S1) (S1)

0000i Âæ-ÉáÀË `ÅÉÝÉÈ" 0e Í-ÉáÀË `ÅÉÝÉÈ"

ÄãÀ|ÄãÉ (03)

ÓÂð{Î} (S2) ã-ÉáÀË-á `ÉÝÉÈ" ÄãÎðÒÓ (S3) á-ÏáÀË-á `ÉÝÉÀÍ"

Á) ÀÍ ÌáÏËÏà ÏÁÉÄØÔÖÒÉ (ÖÝÅËÄËÉ ÐÉÒÉ, ÀÌãÄÒÀà ÓÖÁÉÄØÔÉ, ÊÅËÀÅ ÌÄÓÀÌÄÀ):

ÌÉ (01) Ì-ðÂÃÉ `ÌÄÞÉÍÄÁÀ" ÓÉ (02) ã-ðÂÃÉ `ÂÄÞÉÍÄÁÀ" ÄãÀÓ|ÄãÉÓ (03) á-ðÂÃÉ `ÄÞÉÍÄÁÀ"

Íð{Î}

(01)

(01)

0000i Âæ-ðÂÃÉ `ÂÅÄÞÉÍÄÁÀ"

0e Í-ðÂÃÉ `ÂÅÄÞÉÍÄÁÀ"

[ÄãÉ|ÄãÀ

(S3)] ÓÂð{Î} (02) ã-ðÂÃÉ-á `ÂÄÞÉÍÄÁÀÈ" ÄãÎðÒÓ (03) á-ðÂÃÉ-á `ÄÞÉÍÄÁÀÈ"

ÆÄÌÏÈ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉ ÉÚÏ ÄÒÈÐÉÒÉÀÍ ÃÀ ÃÀ ÏÒÐÉÒÉÀÍ ÆÌÍÀÈÀ

ÖÙËÄÁÉÓ ÍÉÌÖÛÄÁÉ, ÓÀÃÀÝ ÀÍ ÌáÏËÏà ÓÖÁÉÄØÔÖÒÉ ßÚÏÁÀ ÂÅØÏÍÃÀ, ÀÍ ÌáÏËÏà _ ÏÁÉÄØÔÖÒÉ; ÒÀ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÉÈØÅÀÓ ÓÀÌÐÉÒÉÀÍÉ ÆÌÍÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ? ÒÀ ÈØÌÀ ÖÍÃÀ, ÀØÀÝ ÉÂÉÅÄ ÌÃÂÏÌÀÒÄÏÁÀ ÂÅÀØÅÓ, ÈÖÌÝÀ ÈÅÀËÓÀÜÉÍÏÄÁÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ ßÀÒÌÏÅÀÃÂÄÍÈ ÓÀÌÐÉÒÉÀÍÉ ÆÌÍÉÓ ÖÙËÄÁÉÓ ÍÉÌÖÛÄÁÓ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÓÖÁÉÄØÔÖÒÉ, ÀÓÄÅÄ ÏÁÉÄØÔÖÒÉ ßÚÏÁÉÈ:

À) ÓÖÁÉÄØÔÖÒÉ ßÚÏÁÉÓ ÓÀÌÐÉÒÉÀÍÉ ÆÌÍÀ:

ÌÉ (S1) áæ-ÀäæÃÉ `ÅÀÞËÄÅ" ÓÉ (S2) á-ÀäæÃÉ `ÀÞËÄÅ" ÄãÀ|ÄãÉ (S 3) á-ÀäæÃÉ `ÀÞËÄÅÓ"

Íð{Î}

(S1)

(S1)

Si Ë-ÀäæÃÉà `ÅÀÞËÄÅÈ"

Se áæ-ÀäæÃÉà `ÅÀÞËÄÅÈ"

[ÄãÉÓ|ÄãÀÓ ÄãÉÓ|ÄãÀÓ

(03)] ÓÂð{Î} (S2) á-ÀäæÃÉà `ÀÞËÄÅÈ" ÄãÎðÒ (S3) á-ÀäæÃÉ-á `ÀÞËÄÅÄÍ"

49

Á) ÏÁÉÄØÔÖÒÉ ßÚÏÁÉÓ ÓÀÌÐÉÒÉÀÍÉ ÆÌÍÀ: Ì-ÀäæÃÉ `ÌÀÞËÄÅÓ" ÌÉ (01) ÄãÉÓ|ÄãÀÓ (03) ã-ÀäæÃÉ `ÂÀÞËÄÅÓ" ÓÉ (02) ÄãÉÓ|ÄãÀÓ (03) á-ÀäæÃÉ `ÀÞËÄÅÓ" ÄãÀÓ|ÄãÉÓ (03) ÄãÉÓ|ÄãÀÓ (03)

ÄãÀ|ÄãÉ (03)

0000i Âæ-ÀäæÃÉ `ÂÅÀÞËÄÅÓ" 0e Í-ÀäæÃÉ `ÂÅÀÞËÄÅÓ"

Íð{Î} Íð{Î}

(01) (01)

ÄãÉÓ|ÄãÀÓ ÄãÉÓ|ÄãÀÓ

(03) (03)

ã-ÀäæÃÉ-á `ÂÀÞËÄÅÈ" ÓÂð{Î} (02) ÄãÉÓ|ÄãÀÓ (03) á-ÀäæÃÉ `ÀÞËÄÅÓ" ÄãÎðÒÓ (03) ÄãÉÓ|ÄãÀÓ (03)

ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ÂÀÍáÉËÖËÉ ÉØÍÄÁÀ ÀÓÄÅÄ ÀßÌÚÏÛÉ ÖÙËÄÁÉÓ ÐÀÒÀÃÉÂÌÄÁÉ ÐÉÒÈÀ ÚÅÄËÀ ÛÄÓÀÞËÄÁÄËÉ ÊÏÌÁÉÍÀÝÉÉÈ.

mmmm u r m a nu r m a nu r m a nu r m a n s u s u s u s u x i Sx i Sx i Sx i S v iv iv iv i l il il il i (Tbilisi) ororororgagagaganunununuli da arali da arali da arali da araororororggggaaaanunununuli kuTli kuTli kuTli kuTvnivnivnivnilelelelebis gamobis gamobis gamobis gamoxatxatxatxatvivivivisasasasa----Tvis saTvis saTvis saTvis saSuSuSuSuaaaali gvali gvali gvali gvaris zmnebris zmnebris zmnebris zmnebTan qarTan qarTan qarTan qarTveTveTveTvelur eneblur eneblur eneblur enebSiSiSiSi

gardauval zmnaTa saqceo sistemis raobisa da funqciis Sesaxeb qarTvelologiaSi sxvadasxva Tvalsazrisebi arsebobs, miCneulia, rom qcevis buneba gardamaval zmnebSi ufro warmo-Cndeba (a. SaniZe, 1953), rom qcevis mniSvneloba absoluturi zmnebiT ver gamoixateba (arn. Ciqobava, 1936; a. oniani, 1998), amasTan, qceva gardauval zmnebSi mainc ganixileba.

bunebrivia, rom gardauval zmnebSi saSuali gvaris zmnebic igulisxmeba.

Zvel qarTulSi saSuali gvaris saqceo opoziciebi arc ise xSiria. saSuali gvaris zmnaTa did nawils qcevis mixedviT markirebuli formebi ar uCans. dasturdeba saqceo (kuTvnile-biTobis) sistemis 1. samwevriani: d g a s , a - d g a s , u - d g - s ; Z e - s , a - c , u - c ... (mdgomareobis aGmniSvnel mediopasivebSi), 2. orwevriani: C a n - s , u - C - s ; a - b - s , u - b - s ... da erTwevri-ani 3. d u m - s ; a - x - s ; u - K u a r - s ... aramarkirebuli da mar-kirebuli, pirdapiri da Sebrunebuli wKobis realizaciebi.

aaaa- prefiqsi, rogor Cans, mdgomareobis semantikis zmnebTan ZiriTadad organuli kuTvnilebis afiqsis mniSvnelobiT gvev-

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lineba, asea es dgas zmnasTan (a d g s Tavi, piri, cx‚ri, Kuri, rqa�...), iiii-/uuuu- prefiqsebi araorganul kuTvnilebas gamoxataven (udgas coli, cxuari, aqlemi, taZari, senaki... (i. imnaiSvili, v. imnaiSvili, 1996). aaaa- da iiii-/uuuu- prefiqsebs Soris referentebis aseTi gadanawileba msgavsi semantikis sxva zmnebTanac dastur-deba: z i - s , a - z i - s , u - z i s

ZuZusa Cemsa mJdomi m a z i s , romelsa hrq‚an kirCxibi. m. cx. 191, 8.

romeli g i z i s g u e r d i T da gekocnebis, m. cx. 257, 41. kuTvnilebiTobis mniSvneloba metnaklebad warmoCndeba or-

wevriani opoziciuri sistemebis iiii-/uuuu- prefiqsebiT markirebul formebSi: C a n - s , u - C - s ; Gir - s , u -G i r - s ; a - b - s , u - b - s ...

dasturdeba uopozicio calebi, rogorc markirebuli, ase-ve aramarkirebulic, pirdapiri da Sebrunebuli wKobiT, kuT-vnilebis da arakuTvnilebiTi SinaarsiT: a - x - s , u - K u a r - s , h - S or a v - s , e y u - s , s u f e v - s , d u m - s , s - w u n - s / s - w u -n o b - s ...

ganxilul zmnaTa saqceo sistemis formalur-semantikuri analizi Zvel qarTulSi gvafiqrebinebs, rom am sistemisaTvis Kovel SemTxvevaSi, mdgomareobis gamomxatvel zmnaTa qcevis sistemisaTvis, Tavdapirvelad sivrculi mimarTebis gamoxatva unda KofiliKo niSandoblivi. kuTvnilebiToba-mqoneblobis se-mantikis gamoxatva Tanmxlebi morfologiur-sintaqsuri xasia-Tis cvlilebebiT semantikuri gadawevis (`zedmKofoba~ / `ir-gvlismKofoba~ > kuTvnilebiToba-mqonebloba) Sedegia.

saliteraturo qarTuli enis faqtebze dakvirveba Zveli-dan axali qarTulisaken saSuali gvaris zmnebTan saqceo sis-temis erTgvari Sevsebis tendencias adasturebs. Zvel qarTul-Si d u G - s , w u x - s , K a r - s , b r w K i n a v - s da a. S. zmnebs, qcevis mixedviT saopozicio calebi ar eZebnebaT, axal qar-TulSi ki am rigis zmnaTa i-/u- prefiqsiani formebi (u - d u G -s , u - w u x - s , u - K a r - s , u - b r w K i n a v - s ...) Cveulebrivia, kuTvnileba-mqoneblobis mniSvnelobiT da Sebrunebuli wKobiT.

samwevrian sistemebSi qcevis prefiqsebs Soris funqciaTa iseTi mkafio gadanawileba organuli da araorganuli kuTvni-lebis gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT (Sdr. Zv. qarT. a - d g - s / u -d g - s da misT.). axal qarTulSi ar gvaqvs, aaaa- xmovanprefiqsi

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(a-d e v -s...) gamoxatavs rogorc zedmKofobas, aseve kuTvnileba-mqoneblobis mniSvnelobas, iiii-/uuuu- prefiqsebi (m-i-d e v -s, u-d e v -s) _ sivrceSi mKofobisa da kuTvnileba-mqoneblobis mniSvne-lobebs.

saSuali gvaris zmnebisaTvis (ZiriTadad mediopasiuri ti-pis zmnebisaTvis) svanursa da megrul-yanurSi damaxasiaTebelia saqceo sistemis rogorc 1. samwevriani, aseve, 2. or- da 3. er-Twevriani realizaciebi, arsebiTad qarTulis analogiuri se-mantikuri da morfologiur-sintaqsuri xasiaTis cvlilebebiT.

svasvasvasvanunununuriririri: 1. l ' g `dgas~, x - ‰ - g `adgas~, `aqvs~, x - Œ - g `udgas~, `aqvs~

s g u r `zis~, x - a - s g u r `azis~, `aqvs~, x - o -s g u r `ezis~, `aqvs~

2. x - a - c … m - a `acxia~, x - o - c … m - a `ucxia~ K �l - i `bGavis~, x - o - K �l i `ubGavis~ 3. x - a - l � t `uKvars~ , x - a K l � n -i `eSinia~... organuli da araorganuli kuTvnilebis gamoxatvis ganawi-

leba aaaa- da iiii-/oooo- prefiqsebis saSualebiT aq daculi ar aris, Sdr.:

f�Tv�r Jag�nda Kv�rKvlai, Tmebi gqonda (`gedga~) xuyuyi, Ter�l Jisgurda giSriSe, Tvalebi geJda giSrisa, Sdˆq�r Jadda margalitiSe... kbilebis gqonda margalitisa... (sv. p.)

memememegrulgrulgrulgrul----yayayayanunununuriririri:::: 1. (megr.) J a n -u `wevs~, g i - o - J a n - u `awevs~, `aqvs~, u - J a n -u `uwevs~, `hKavs~

d g - u-n `dgas~, g i - o - d g - u `adgas~, `aqvs~, u-dg-u `udgas~, `aqvs~

2. f u n -s `duGs~, [zisxire] u-f u n -s `[sisxli] uduGs~

r w k i n ˆnc `brwKinavs~, [Tolef] u r w k i n ˆnc `[Tvalebi] ubrwKinavs~

3. J o g - u /ˆ `sZuls~, o-s q v a n -s `Svenis~, u-‡o r -s `uKvars~...

qcevis formebi yanuris saSuali gvaris zmnebisTvisac ar arsi ucxo: g�obun Jas mcxuli `abia xes msxali~ (asaTiani, 1976), oxoris mu gegiTun _ keremidi gemiTun `saxls ra gixu-ravs _ kramiti mixuravs...

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TTTT eeee d od od od o r er er er e u T u ru T u ru T u ru T u r g ag ag ag a iiii ZZZZ eeee,,,, mmmm aaaa r ir ir ir i a ma ma ma m m a n m a n m a n m a n J g aJ g aJ g aJ g a l al al al a Z eZ eZ eZ e (Tbilisi) nunununulolololovavavavani aloni aloni aloni alomormormormorfefefefebi qarbi qarbi qarbi qarTul zmnaTul zmnaTul zmnaTul zmnaSiSiSiSi

1. pirisa da ricxvis kategoriebi qarTuli enis zmnaSi xSirad nulovani variantiT arian warmodgenili. nulovani va-rianti tipuri morfonologiuri elementia. morfologiur elementTa amovardna formidan fonematuri dawolis Sedegia, zmnuri forma ki, miuxedavad danakargisa, inarCunebs im kate-goriis gagebas, romelsac gramatikuli formidan amovardnili elementi iZleoda.

2. nulovani alomorfebi mxolod pirmimarT aqtantebs aqvT [S1Od

, Oind: mo-∅-val, ∅-gxatav, ∅-mxatav; damaviwKes (me is);

damaviwKes (me mas)], amitom konkretuli zmnis formis piriano-baze msJelobisas maTi gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia. maTi arse-boba ganapirobebs paradigmis wevrTa damoukideblobas forma-luri damTxvevis SemTxvevaSi.

3. ama Tu im kategoriis elementisaTvis mniSvnelobis Se-narCuneba, roca es elementi fizikurad ar aris mocemuli, e. i. warmodgenilia nulovani alomorfiT, gansxvavebuli gzebiT xdeba: a) paradigmis sxva wevrebTan SepirispirebiT, b) kore-lat niSanTa aucilebeli markirebiT da g) sintaqsuri mimar-TebebiT.

S uS uS uS u S aS aS aS a n an an an a f u tf u tf u tf u t k ak ak ak a r ar ar ar a Z eZ eZ eZ e (baTumi) nanananasasasasaxexexexelalalalari zmneri zmneri zmneri zmnebi imerbi imerbi imerbi imerxexexexeululululSiSiSiSi

imerxevis qarTuls oTxas ormocdaaTi weli aSorebs

mSobliuri dedaenis kalTas. am xnis manZilze ucxo (osmalur-Turqul) enobriv garemoSi moqceulma SeZlo TavisTavadobis SenarCuneba da dGesac sicocxlisunarianad gamoiKureba. amas gvidasturebs imerxevis qarTulis zmnaze, rogorc `enis xerxe-

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malze~ (ilia), dakvirveba. oTxas ormocdaaTwlianma ucxoenob-rivma marwuxebma xerxemalSi ver gatexa aqauri qarTuli. qar-Tul zmnas ver SemoaZarcva dedaenis samosi. metKvelebis sxva nawilebTan SedarebiT, zmnam Kvelaze ukeT SeinarCuna TavisTa-vadoba. Tanamedrove qarTulisagan gansxvavebul suraTs imerxe-ulSi mxolod dialeqtizmebisa da arqaizmebis arseboba qmnis. zmnuri formebis warmoeba ZiriTadad mSobliur enaSi istori-ulad SemuSavebuli gramatikuli wesebisa da kanonebis Sesaba-misad xorcieldeba.

saintereso lingvistur suraTs qmnis nanananasasasasaxexexexelalalalari zmneri zmneri zmneri zmnebibibibi.... maTi erTi nawili nawarmoebia qarTuli sitKva-Zirebis gamoKenebiT. maTgan aGsaniSnavia: geiTxilamura (ga-i-Txila-mur-a) _ sawadels advilad miaGwia, Tavisi gaitana, survili Seisrula; geiTxuTmeta (ga-i-TxuTmet-a) _ gaivso, gaibadra; me-isurula (mo-i-survil-a) _ guli iJera, survili daikmaKofi-la...

saKuradGeboa Turquli da Turqulis gziT Semosuli arabul-sparsuli warmoSobis sitKva-Zirebis gamoKenebiT warmoqmnili nasaxelari zmnebi, romlebic imerxeulSi ukve da-mkvidrebuli Cans. imerxeul metKvelebas ucxo enis masala qar-Tuli zmnis enobriv CarCoSi Causvams da axali zmnuri fuZeebi uwarmoebia. am ucxo masalisagan nawarmoeb nasaxelar zmnebs, saubedurod, qarTuli ZirZveli zmnebi gamoudevnia imerxeveli qarTvelebis aqtiuri leqsikidan.

am saxis nasaxelari zmnebi umetesad momomomoqmeqmeqmeqmededededebibibibiTiTiTiTi da da da da sasasasa----SuSuSuSuaaaali gvali gvali gvali gvaririririsaasaasaasaa: : : : gvxvdeba susususufiqfiqfiqfiqsusususuri warmori warmori warmori warmoeeeebis vnebis vnebis vnebis vnebibibibiTeTeTeTebicbicbicbic. . . . prefiqsuri warmoebisa ki iSviaTad Segvxvdeba enienienieniaaaanininini vnevnevnevnebibibibiTisTisTisTis saxiT. iniiniiniiniaaaanininini vnevnevnevnebibibibiTisTisTisTis forforforformemememebibibibi saerTod ar Segvxvedria.

moqmedebiTi gvaris nasaxelar zmnebSi Temis niSnebad ume-tesad warmodgenilia ----ebebebeb da -avavavav mawarmoeblebi: gagagaga----aaaa----KKKKolavolavolavolav----ebebebeb----ssss (Turq. -kolay-advilad) _ gaaadvilebs; gagagaga----aaaa----hahahahazirzirzirzir----ebebebeb----ssss (arab. hazir-mza, momzadebuli) _ moamzadebs; CaCaCaCa----fiTfiTfiTfiT----avavavav----ssss (Turq. -fit-wamqezebloba, mzakvroba) _ daabezGebs, waaqezebs...

vnevnevnevnebibibibiTi gvaTi gvaTi gvaTi gvarisrisrisris zmnebTan Tematur niSnad gvxvdeba mxo-lod ----ebebebeb: dadadada----zazazaza����ffff----dddd----ebebebeb----aaaa (arab. zayıf-susti, gamxdari) _ dasus-tdeba, dauZlurdeba; gagagaga----SuSuSuSufelfelfelfel----dddd----ebebebeb----aaaa (Turq. -şufelı-saeyvo) _

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gaeyviandeba; dadadada----eeee----duSmnduSmnduSmnduSmn----ebebebeb----a a a a (spars. -duşman-mteri) _ daemte-reba, gadaemtereba...

saSuali gvaris nasaxelari zmnebi iKeneben -ebebebeb da -obobobob Te-matur niSnebs: wawawawa----iiii----KKKKafalTafalTafalTafalT----ebebebeb----ssss (Turq. -kahvaltı-sauzme) _ wai-sauzmebs; JJJJumumumumbuSbuSbuSbuS----obobobob----ssss (spars. cumbuş-garToba, mxiaruloba) _ erToba, mxiarulobs...

imerxeulSi dGemde cocxalia Zveli qarTuli zmnebis di-di nawili. ucxo sitKva-Zirebis Semcveli SedarebiT mcireri-cxovani nasaxelari zmnebi imerxeulis enobriv qsovils Crdils ver aKenebs, radgan am SemTxvevaSic aqaurTa qarTuli metKvele-ba cdilobs gaamSobliuros isini, qarTul enobriv samoselSi warmoadginos.

qarTuli ZirZveli zmnebis maincdamainc es erTi nawili (aadvilebs, amzadebs, daabezGebs, dasustdeba, gaeyviandeba, da-emtereba, waisauzmebs, erToba,...) ki Tu ratom gamoidevna imer-xevelTa aqtiuri leqsikidan, Tu ra kanonzomierebas eqvemdeba-reba aGniSnuli saxis cvlilebebi enaSi, JerJerobiT mTlad cxadi ar aris. es sakiTxi damatebiT kvlevas moiTxovs.

e le le le l z a f u tz a f u tz a f u tz a f u t k ak ak ak a r ar ar ar a Z eZ eZ eZ e (baTumi) qoqoqoqonananana----KKKKolis gamoolis gamoolis gamoolis gamomxatmxatmxatmxatveveveveli meli meli meli medidididioooopapapapasisisisiuuuuri zmneri zmneri zmneri zmnebibibibi sasasasaSuSuSuSualalalal qarqarqarqarTulTulTulTulsa da disa da disa da disa da diaaaaleqleqleqleqtebtebtebtebSiSiSiSi

mediopasiuri `aqvs~ zmnis fuZe saSualSic, iseve rogorc

Zvel qarTulSi, rKevas ganicdis. `aqvs~ zmnis uwKveteli Zveli qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli formiTac gvxvdeba da axali warmoebac mkvidrdeba. dasturdeba variantebi: `aqv~, `aqvn~ (Zv. `aqun~), `qon~. Sesabamisad gvxvdeba: `aqvnda~, `maqvnda~, `ga-qvnda~ formebi, Tumca paralelurad dasturdeba axleburad nawarmoebi formebic savrcobian mwkrivebSi: `mqonda~, `gvqon-da~. a-prefiqsi TandaTanobiT aGar Cans zmnis fuZeSi, e. i. mo-xda uniformacia. qarTul saenaTmecniero literaturaSi ga-

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rkveulia, ra unda iwvevdes fuZeTa sxvaobas, romeli variantia amosavali da rogoria am variantTa istoriuli urTierToba.

amave rigisaa `hKavs~ zmnac. `hKavs~ zmnas `hgavs~ zmnis msgavsad saSual qarTulSi Senaxuli aqvs axal qarTulSi zog mwkrivSi dakarguli Temis niSani _ `an~, romelic gamoCndeba ara marto awmKos mesame piris mravlobiTSi, aramed agreTve savrcobian mwkrivebSic: `hKvanan~, `hKvanda~, `hKvandes~.

saSual qarTulSi `hKavs~ zmnis Sinaarsi aqvs `zis~ zmnis saobieqto qcevis formas. `mizis~, `gizis~ zmnaTa Sinaarsi utoldeba `hKavs~ zmnis Sinaarss. amgvari semantikiT gvxvdeba igi `vefxistKaosanSi~.

`aqvs~, `hKavs~ zmna saintereso formebiT warmoCndeba da-savlur dialeqtebSic. gvxvdeba: qonden, gaqvan, aqvan, Kavan formebi.

amgvarad, saSual qarTulSi, rogorc gardamavali safe-xuris enaSi, erTdroulad gvxvdeba `hKavs~, `aqvs~ zmnis Zveli da axali formebi. axali formebis srul damkvidrebamde saSu-ali qarTuli Zveli da axali formebis Tanaarsebobis sainte-reso suraTs warmogvidgens. saSuali qarTulis monacemTa ga-Tvaliswineba ki uTuod sainteresoa saSuali gvaris formire-bis procesis Sesaswavlad.

m im im im i x ex ex ex e i l q ai l q ai l q ai l q a m am am am a d ad ad ad a Z e Z e Z e Z e (baTumi) zmnuzmnuzmnuzmnuri sari sari sari saxexexexelelelelebibibibisasasasagan mogan mogan mogan momdimdimdimdinanananarererere totototopopopoponinininimemememebi bi bi bi aaaayayayayararararaSiSiSiSi

ayaris geografiul nomenklaturaSi gamoiKofa erTi Jgu-

fi toponimebisa, romlebic zmnuri saxelebisagan momdinareo-ben. mag.: nanananaflaflaflaflati, nati, nati, nati, nakakakakafi, nafi, nafi, nafi, naCeCeCeCexi; naxi; naxi; naxi; naTiTiTiTibi, nabi, nabi, nabi, nayayayayari, nari, nari, nari, natetetetexi, saxi, saxi, saxi, sa----wuwuwuwuri, samGeri, sari, samGeri, sari, samGeri, sari, samGeri, saTiTiTiTibibibibi...

mocemuli magaliTebi gaformebulia nananana- da sasasasa---- prefiqse-biT. nananana- awarmoebs namKo drois mimGeobas saSuali da vnebiTi

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gvaris SinaarsiT, sasasasa- mKofadi drois mimGeobas saSuali da vnebiTi gvaris zmnebisagan.

aGniSnuli tipis saxelebi sxvadasxva gaformebiTac gvxvdeba: nnnnaaaaflaflaflaflatetetetebi, nabi, nabi, nabi, nakakakakafefefefebi, nabi, nabi, nabi, nakakakakafafafafa����, sa, sa, sa, satetetetexia, atxia, atxia, atxia, atkenkenkenkenCiCiCiCili, li, li, li, amoamoamoamobebebebeririririli, gali, gali, gali, gaTxriTxriTxriTxrili, gamoli, gamoli, gamoli, gamokakakakafufufufuli, dali, dali, dali, damtrevmtrevmtrevmtrevli, dali, dali, dali, daGGGGenenenenkikikikili, li, li, li, dadadadapawpawpawpawkukukukuli, dali, dali, dali, dabelbelbelbeltutututulililili...

zmnuri saxelebi Cans Txzul toponimebSic: yyyyananananyyyyaaaaxixixixinafnafnafnaf----lalalalati, suti, suti, suti, sulilililiaaaasasasasaTiTiTiTibi, bi, bi, bi, GGGGoriorioriorinanananaTxaTxaTxaTxari, sari, sari, sari, satritritritriaaaalalalalaseseseseriririri............

aGniSnuli onimebi faqtiurad gaarsebiTebuli geografi-uli sakuTari saxelebia.

moxsenebaSi gaanalizebuli iqneba, agreTve, zmnuri warmo-mavlobis sxva toponimebic.

m i x e i l q u r d i a n im i x e i l q u r d i a n im i x e i l q u r d i a n im i x e i l q u r d i a n i (Tbilisi) saerTosaerTosaerTosaerTo----qarTveluri zmna da qarTvelur enaTa zmnisqarTveluri zmna da qarTvelur enaTa zmnisqarTveluri zmna da qarTvelur enaTa zmnisqarTveluri zmna da qarTvelur enaTa zmnis sistemebis istoriis arsebiTi sakiTxebis induqciurisistemebis istoriis arsebiTi sakiTxebis induqciurisistemebis istoriis arsebiTi sakiTxebis induqciurisistemebis istoriis arsebiTi sakiTxebis induqciuri da deduqciuri interpretaciebi istoriulda deduqciuri interpretaciebi istoriulda deduqciuri interpretaciebi istoriulda deduqciuri interpretaciebi istoriul----SedarebiTiSedarebiTiSedarebiTiSedarebiTi meTodis TvalsazrisiTmeTodis TvalsazrisiTmeTodis TvalsazrisiTmeTodis TvalsazrisiT

nebismieri mecniereba kompetenturia mxolod sakuTari

meTodis farglebSi, am farglebs iqiT araverificirebad vara-udTa sferoa. lingvistikisaTvis aseTi meTodi komparativisti-kaa. am mkacrma da Semowmebadma meTodma aqcia lingvistika mo-clil filosofosTa gonebamaxvili msJelobebidan mecnierebad. iseTive zust mecnierebad, rogorc sabunebismetKvelo mecnie-rebebia (am Teziss, romelic saTaves germanel axalgramatikos-Tagan iGebs wonasworobidan gamohKavda hugo Suxardti, ro-melmac mis uarKofas ramdenime statia da erTi sagangebo bro-Surac miuZGvna (`fonetikuri kanonebis Sesaxeb~, 1885), magram `amaod daSvra~).

istoriul-SedarebiTi meTodis meSveobiT rekonstruir-deba fuZe-enis fonologiuri sistema, gramatikuli struqtu-ra da leqsikuri fondi uSualod fuZe-enis diferenciaciis

57

momentSi anu erT sinqroniul yrilSi. Sesabamisad fuZe-enis qronologiur doneze rekonstruirebuli nebismieri ierarqiu-li donis erTeuli Tanadroulia, sinqroniaSi Tanaarsebuli, Tumca zogierTi maTgani SeiZleba arqaizms warmoadgendes, zo-gierTi ki inovacias (aseT SemTxvevebSi, komparativistikis mier dadgenili absoluturi qronologiis CarCoSi maTi relatiu-ri qronologiis dasadgenad, rogorc wesi, Sinagani rekon-struqciis meTods mimarTaven. ena niSanTa sistemaa da Sinagani rekonstruqciis meTodic sistemis moTxovnebs efuZneba, Sesaba-misad is verificirebadia rogorc erTi konkretuli enis sis-temiT, aseve komparativistuli monacemebiTac).

zogadad iberiul-kavkasiur enaTmecnierebaSi da kerZod qarTvelur enaTmecnierebaSi povnieria araerTi aprioruli da deduqciuri xasiaTis Teoriuli Tvalsazrisi, gamoTqmuli uaGresad avtoritetuli mecnierebis mier, romlebic ukriti-kod iqna gaziarebuli maTi mravalricxovani moswavleebisa da mimdevrebis mier da lamis saxelmZGvanelo debulebebad Tu sulac direqtivebad aris qceuli.

amJerad Cemi msJelobis sagani im deduqciur Tvalsazris-Ta erTi nawili iqneba, romlebic qarTul-qarTveluri zmnis istorias exeba. maT verificirebisTvis mivmarTav istoriul-Se-darebiT meTods.

1111.... gamoTqmulia mosazreba, TiTqos: p r ep r ep r ep r e f i qf i qf i qf i q s as as as a c i a c i a c i a c i a p i rp i rp i rp i r vvvv eeee l al al al a d i a , s ud i a , s ud i a , s ud i a , s u f i qf i qf i qf i q s as as as a c i a k i _ m ec i a k i _ m ec i a k i _ m ec i a k i _ m e oooo r er er er e uuuul i d a r o ml i d a r o ml i d a r o ml i d a r o m susususufiqfiqfiqfiqsasasasacia cia cia cia b r ub r ub r ub r u n en en en e b ab ab ab a S iS iS iS i ma ma ma maSin, roSin, roSin, roSin, rodedededesac usac usac usac uGGGGvlvlvlvliiiilelelelebabababaSi ZiSi ZiSi ZiSi ZiririririTaTaTaTa----dad dad dad dad p r ep r ep r ep r e f i qf i qf i qf i q s as as as a c ic ic ic i a aa aa aa a warmo warmo warmo warmodgedgedgedgeninininili, imiTli, imiTli, imiTli, imiT aix aix aix aixsnesnesnesneba, rom isba, rom isba, rom isba, rom istotototo----ririririuuuulad ibelad ibelad ibelad ibeririririulululul----kavkavkavkavkakakakasisisisiur enebur enebur enebur enebSi zmna saSi zmna saSi zmna saSi zmna saxxxxelelelelze adze adze adze adre re re re g ag ag ag a f o rf orforfor ----m d am d am d am d a . . . .

ras niSnavs pirveladi da meoreuli? lingvistikaSi msgav-si sakiTxebis absoluturi qronologiis dadgenis erTaderTi saSualeba istoriul-SedarebiTi meTodia, am meTodiT rekon-struirebul arqetipebSi ki rogorc saerTo-qarTveluri fu-Ze-enis, ise saerTo-naxur-daGestnuri Tu saerTo-iberiul-kavka-siuri fuZe-enebis doneze warmodgenilia rogorc prefiqsacia, aseve sufiqsacia, anu Kvela im qronologiur doneze, sadamde CaGwevis uflebasac gvaZlevs lingvisturi komparativistikis

58

meTodi prefiqsaciac da sufiqsaciac Tanabrad rekonstrui-rebadia.

garda amisa, gamonaklisis gareSe, iberiul-kavkasiur ena-Ta oJaxis Kvela Jgufis fuZe-enis doneze Tanabrad aGdgeba rogorc zmnis uGvlilebis paradigma, aseve saxelis brunebis paradigmac.

maS, saidan Cans, rom `prefiqsacia pirveladia, sufiqsa-cia ki _ meoreuli~, an rom `zmna saxelze adre gaformda~.

2222.... gamoTqmulia mosazreba, TiTqos: qarqarqarqarTveTveTveTvelulululuri eneri eneri eneri enebis bis bis bis zmnis uzmnis uzmnis uzmnis uGGGGvlivlivlivlilelelelebis pabis pabis pabis pararararadigdigdigdigmamamamaSi Si Si Si JJJJer meer meer meer meoooore sere sere sere seririririis foris foris foris formemememebi bi bi bi CamoCamoCamoCamoKKKKaaaaliblibliblibda da mxoda da mxoda da mxoda da mxolod Semlod Semlod Semlod Semdeg, madeg, madeg, madeg, maTi gaTi gaTi gaTi gaTvaTvaTvaTvalislislisliswwwwiiiinenenenebiT, pirbiT, pirbiT, pirbiT, pirveveveveli li li li da meda meda meda mesasasasame seme seme seme seririririiiiisasasasa....

saerTo-qarTveluri fuZe-enis qronologiur doneze calsaxad aGdgeba, rogorc meore aseve pirveli da mesame seri-ebis formebi, Sesabamisad ar arsebobs aranairi induqciuri (ad hoc komparativistuli) safuZveli im daskvnis gasakeTeblad, rom am sami seriidan, romelimes formireba droSi uswrebda danarCenebs (am konkretul SemTxvevaSi, sami seriidan romeli-mes sxva seriebTan SedarebiT ufro adre formirebis sasargeb-lod daskvnis gakeTebis safuZvels arc Sinagani rekonstruq-ciis meTodi iZleva).

3333.... gamoTqmulia mosazreba, TiTqos: qarqarqarqarTveTveTveTvelur eneblur eneblur eneblur enebSi Si Si Si uTeuTeuTeuTemismismismisniSniSniSniSno zmneno zmneno zmneno zmnebi ufbi ufbi ufbi ufro Zvero Zvero Zvero Zvelia lia lia lia ((((pirpirpirpirvevevevelalalaladiadiadiadia) ) ) ) TeTeTeTemismismismisniSniSniSniSninininiaaaan n n n zmnebzmnebzmnebzmnebTan SeTan SeTan SeTan SedadadadarerererebiTbiTbiTbiT....

aseTi msJeloba simarTles hgavs, marTlac, logikurad xom asec unda momxdariKo; logikurad SeiZleba es msJeloba sworia, magram lingvisturad is yeSmariti ar aris, radgan sa-erTo-qarTveluri fuZe-enis doneze TemisniSniani zmnebi iseTi-ve warmatebiT rekonstruirdeba, rogorc uTemisniSnoni, mag.:

ssss....----qarTqarTqarTqarT. . . . :::: qarTqarTqarTqarT.... : : : : zanzanzanzan.... *wIer-s : wers : *yars *wIer-am-s : wer-am-s : yar-um-s ai es daskvna ki namdvilad Semowmebulia enobrivi masa-

lis safuZvelze... is eKrdnoba enobriv faqts, marTalia rekon-struirebuls, magram faqts (radgan is rekonstruirebulia Semowmebadi meTodiT).

59

komparativistikaSi termini `uZvelesi~ niSnavs fuZe-enis qronologiuri donisas _ enobrivi oJaxis, Jgufis, qveJgufis da a.S. (TiToeuli maTganisTvis misi Sesabamisi fuZe-enisa). mag. qarTulisTvis es saerTo-qarTveluri fuZe enaa, saerTo-qarTvelurisTvis saerTo-baskur-qarTveluri, saerTo-baskur-qarTvelurisTvis saerTo-iberiul-kavkasiuri. zanursa da sva-nurs saerTo-qarTveluramde kidev erTi Sualeduri fuZe-ena moepovebaT: saerTo-svanur-zanuri...

komparativistikaSi termini `pirveladi~ niSnavs Suale-duri fuZe-enis (enobrivi Jgufis, qveJgufis) winmswreb fuZe-enaSi povniers (mag. enobrivi JgufisTvis enobrivi oJaxis fuZe-enaSi povniers, qveJgufisTvis ki Jgufis fuZe-enaSi). mag. qar-Tvelur enebSi dadgenili Zir-fuZiTqmnadobis modeli, rome-lic alternacias efuZneba (a.arabuli) pirveladia, radgan is rekonstruirdeba saerTo-qarTveluris winmswreb fuZe-enaSi _ saerTo-iberiul-kavkasiurSi (a. arabuli, m. qurdiani)...

n a t o S a v r e S i a n i n a t o S a v r e S i a n i n a t o S a v r e S i a n i n a t o S a v r e S i a n i (Tbilisi)

ramdenime mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelisa daramdenime mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelisa daramdenime mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelisa daramdenime mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelisa da zmnazmnazmnazmna----Semasmenlis urTierToba svanurSiSemasmenlis urTierToba svanurSiSemasmenlis urTierToba svanurSiSemasmenlis urTierToba svanurSi

ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÆÌÍÀ-ÛÄÌÀÓÌÄÍ-

ËÉÓ ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÏÁÀ ÌÀØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÄÁÄËÉ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÉÓÀÂÀÍ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÉÈ, ÂÀÒÊÅÄÖË ÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÓ ÀÙÞÒÀÅÓ. ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ßÄÅÒ-ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉ, ÌÈÀÅÀÒÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓ ÌÉÓÀÌÀÒÈ ÓÉÔÚÅÀÓÈÀÍÀÀ ÃÀÊÀÅÛÉ-ÒÄÁÖËÉ ÃÀ ÀÌÀÅÄ ÃÒÏÓ ÂÅÄÅËÉÍÄÁÀ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓ ÓÒÖËÖ×ËÄÁÉÀÍ ßÄÅÒÀà ÃÀ áÛÉÒ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉ ÓÉÍÔÀØÓÖÒ ßÚÅÉËÓ ØÌÍÉÓ ÆÌÍÀ-ÛÄÌÀÓÌÄÍÄËÈÀÍ.

ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ ÃÀ ÌÒÀÅÀË×ÄÒÏÅÀÍ ÓÖÒÀÈÓ ÂÅÉÜÅÄÍÄÁÓ äÉÐÏÔÀØÓÉÓ ÓÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÄËÉ ÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÆÌÍÀ-ÛÄÌÀÓÌÄÍËÉÓ ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÏÁÀ ÓÅÀ-ÍÖÒÛÉÝ. ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ÚÖÒÀÃÙÄÁÀÓ ÂÀÅÀÌÀáÅÉËÄÁÈ áÄáÄáÄáÄÃÉ ÃÉ ÃÉ ÃÉ `ÒÏÌÄËÉ”, ÉÌÊðÎ | | | | ÉÌÊÀÎ | | | | ÉÌÊðÉÁ | | | | ÌÀÊÀÉÁ, , , , ÌÀÂæÀÒ | | | | ÌÀÂæðÎ `ÒÏÂÏÒÉ”, ÌðÆÖÌ | | | |

60

ÌÀÎÆÖÌ `ÒÀÌÃÄÍÉ, ÒÀÌáÄËÀ” ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÈÀ ÃÀ ÆÌÍÀ-ÛÄ-ÌÀÓÌÄÍËÉÓ ÓÉÍÔÀØÓÖÒ ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÏÁÀÆÄ.

ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓ ÛÄ-ÌÀÓÌÄÍÄËÓ ÄßÚÏÁÀ ØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÄà ÀÍ ÄÒÈ-ÄÒÈÉ ÓÀáÉÓ ÃÀÌÀÔÄÁÀà ÃÀ ÐÉÒÅÄË ÓÀÌ ÁÒÖÍÅÀÛÉ ÃÂÀÓ, ÓÉÍÔÀØÓÖÒÉ ×ÖÍØÝÉÉÓ ÛÄÓÀÁÀÌÉÓÀà ÆÌÍÀ –ÛÄÌÀÓÌÄÍËÉÓ ÌÉÄÒ ÉÌÀÒÈÅÉÓ ÁÒÖÍÅÀÛÉ.

ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ÓÀáÄËÏÁÉÈ ÁÒÖÍÅÀÛÉÀ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄ-ÍÉËÉ, ÈÖ ÉÂÉ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓ ØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÄ ÀÍ ÐÉÒÃÀÐÉÒÉ ÃÀÌÀÔÄÁÀÀ, ÌÀÂ: ÄãÉ ÀÃÒÉ, áÄÃì ÁÄ×æÛÓ ÙÏÛÊÉÍÐÉËáÏ ÀÓÀÝæÉÒÄ (ÜÏË.ÓÀÚÃ.) `ÉÓ ßÀÅÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÁÀÅÛÅÓ ÁÏËÏÓ {ÊÄÍ} ÃÀÉÔÏÅÄÁÓ”...

ÈÖ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÌÀÓÌÄÍÄËÉ ÌÄÏÒÄ ÓÄÒÉÉÓ ÂÀÒÃÀÌÀÅÀËÉ ÆÌÍÀÀ ÃÀ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÉÓ ÒÏËÓ ÀÓÒÖËÄÁÓ, ÌÀÛÉÍ ÉÂÉ ÌÏÈáÒÏÁÉÈ ÁÒÖÍÅÀÛÉ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ, ÌÀÂ: áÄÃæóÎà ËÏØ áÏÜÀ äÀÒÊÀË ËóØÅÀÓ, , , , ÄãÀÓ áÀÝÄÓ ÀË ÃÉðÒ (ÁÆ. ÐÒÏÆ.159) `ÒÏÌÄËÌÀÝ ÊÀÒÂÉ ÀÒÀÊÄÁÉ ÈØÅÀÓ, ÉÌÀÓ äØÏÍÃÄÓ ÄÓ ÐÖ-ÒÉÏ”...

ÌÉÝÄÌÉÈ ÁÒÖÍÅÀÛÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉ-ËÉÀ ÌÀÛÉÍ, ÈÖ ÉÂÉ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓ ÉÒÉÁÉ ÀÍ ÐÉÒÃÀÐÉÒÉ ÃÀÌÀÔÄÁÀÀ, ÌÀÂÒÀÌ ÈÅÉÈ ÛÄÌÀÓÌÄÍÄËÉ-ÆÌÍÀ I ÓÄÒÉÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÉÈÀÀ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉ(ÀÁÄÓÀÞÄ, 111). ÌÀÂ: ÌÀÆÖÌæóÎÓ ÄÓÄÒ áÀäæÃÉ, , , , ØÀæ ÄÓÄÒ ËÀáæëÌ `ÒÀÌÃÄÍÓÀÝ ÌÏÌÝÄÌ, ÌÏÌÄÝÉÏ”.

ÀÓÄÈ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÄÁÛÉ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÅáÄÃÀÅÈ ÓÒÖËÉÀà ØÀÒÈÖËÉÓÄÁÒÉ ÌÃÂÏÌÀÒÄÏÁÀÀ, ÈÖÌÝÀ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÄÁÉ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ, ÀÙ-ÍÉÛÍÖË ÁÒÖÍÅÄÁÛÉ ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÖÒ ÍÀÉÒÓÀáÄÏÁÄÁÓ ÂÅÉÜÅÄ-ÍÄÁÓ, ÈÉÈÏÄÖËÉ ÌÀÈÂÀÍÉ ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ÓÒÖËÀà ÉØÍÄÁÀ ÂÀÍáÉËÖËÉ.

ÒÀÌÃÄÍÉÌÄ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖË ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÓ (áÄÃÉ ` ` ` `ÒÏÌÄËÉ” ,,,, ÉÌÊðÉÁ | | | | ÌÀÊÀÉÁ `̀̀̀ÒÏÂÏÒÉ” , , , , ÌðÆÖÌ | | | | ÌÀÎÆÖÌ `ÒÀÌáÄËÀ”) ÀÌÀÅÄ ÃÒÏÓ ÄßÀÒÌÏ-ÄÁÀ ÌÒ. ÒÉÝáÅÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÀÝ ÃÀ ÞÀËÆÄà ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ ÓÖÒÀÈÓ ÂÅÉÜÅÄÍÄÁÓ.

ÈÖ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÄÀ ÛÄ-ÌÀÓÌÄÍÄËÓÀÝ ÌÒ. ÒÉÝáÅÛÉ ÉÈÀÍáÌÄÁÓ, ÌÀÂ: ÀÂÉÈÄ ËêÆÑÉ ÓÂëÍÓÉÐÄá ÀËÉÀÒÃ, À, , , , áÄÃÎÀÒÃì ÄÃÓÉÌÍÄá ÍÀÂéÒÂðË (ÜÏË.) `ÓÀáËÛÉ ßÀÓÅËÉ-ÓÀÓ ÛÄÌÏÉÀÒÄÓ ÉÌÀÈ(ÌÀ), ÀÉ, ÒÏÌËÄÁÌÀÝ ÂÀÉÂÏÍÄÓ (ÚÖÒÀà ÉÙÄÓ) ÍÀÈØÅÀÌÉ"... ÀÌ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉ ØÀÒÈÖËÉÓ ÌÓÂÀÅÓÀÃ, ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ, ÄÒÈÉ ÌáÒÉÈ ÌÀÈÀÍáÌÄÁÄËÉÀ, ÌÄÏÒÄ ÌáÒÉÈ _ ÌÀÒÈÖ-ËÉ ÆÌÍÀ-ÛÄÌÀÓÌÄÍËÉÓ ÌÉÄÒ ÁÒÖÍÅÀÛÉ.

ÄÒÈÓÀ ÃÀ ÉÌÀÅÄ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ ÂÅÀØÅÓ ÉÓÄÈÉ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÄÁÉ, ÒÏÃÄ-ÓÀÝ ÌÒ. ÒÉÝáÅÉÈ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉË ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÓ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ

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ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ ÐÉÒÃÀÐÉÒÉ ÃÀÌÀÔÄÁÀÀ, ÛÄÌÀÓÌÄÍÄËÉ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÛÄÖÈÀÍ-áÌÃÄÓ ÒÉÝáÅÛÉ, ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÀÒÀ, ÌÀÂ: ÄÜØÀ ÄãÊðËÉ ÌÄÂÌÀÒêËÓ ÂÀÒ ÉÌêãÀá, áÄÃÎÀÒÓì ËÉÝ áÄÍßÒíËá | | | | áÄÃÎÀÒÓì ËÉÝ áÄÍßÒíË (ÜÏË.) `ÌÀÛÉÍ ÌÀÒÔÏ ÉÓÄÈ ÌÏÒÄÁÓ ÄÆÉÃÄÁÏÃÍÄÍ, ÒÏÌËÄÁÓÀÝ ßÚÀËÉ ÄÒÄÏÃÀÈ | ÄÒÄÏÃÀ”...

ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ÂÀÍáÉËÖËÉ ÉØÍÄÁÀ ÆÌÍÀ-ÛÄÌÀÓÌÄÍËÉÓ ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÏ-ÁÀ ÉÓÄÈ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÄÁÈÀÍ, ÒÏÌËÄÁÉÝ ×ÏÒÌÏÁÒÉÅÀà ÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀ ÌÉÓÀÌÀÒÈ ÓÉÔÚÅÀÓ...

l e i l a S a l v a S v i l il e i l a S a l v a S v i l il e i l a S a l v a S v i l il e i l a S a l v a S v i l i (Telavi)

zmnis piris niSanTa sakiTxisaTvis qizizmnis piris niSanTa sakiTxisaTvis qizizmnis piris niSanTa sakiTxisaTvis qizizmnis piris niSanTa sakiTxisaTvis qiziKKKKurSiurSiurSiurSi sagazeTo masalis mixedviTsagazeTo masalis mixedviTsagazeTo masalis mixedviTsagazeTo masalis mixedviT

gazeT `qronikis~ korespondenciebSi qiziKel respodent-

Ta metKveleba KuradGebas iqcevs zmnis piris niSanTa ganawile-bis aseTi suraTiT:

S3

a) -0000: gvaq, ari, dagikargam, daunaxam, uTqvam; b) -ssss, -eseseses: iKos, udgebodes, iarsebos, gamaiKenos, gaCexes, Saar-

Cies, maitanes, Cadges; g) -eseseses>-eieieiei: daitacei, gaalamazei; yamoi, amaiKvanoi, gvaswavloi,

Tqvai. pO3

a) 0000-: xedamen, kayamen, Tvlian, tanJamen, moZGvravs, malamdnen, moyris;

b) iiii-: amaiZirkvams, dainergams (Sdr. nergams, hketamdnen).

irO3 a) 0000-: rCebaT, dapirdebian; b) iiii-<hhhh-: daiKveba, waigliJei; g) hhhh-: hgonia, hqonda (mihqondaT), hqoniaT; d) ssss-: sdomebiaT.

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Op 3 O + ir 3 a) misca, waigliJei, dapirdebian, axsnis.

werilebSi ikiTxeba mcdari zmnuri formebi: maewonaT,

hkidia (is_fanrebi), dawiwilavebuli (qveKana) da misT. dialeqtis ucodinari mkiTxvelisaTvis uCveuloa miiKvemiiKvemiiKvemiiKve----

boboboboda, miiKveda, miiKveda, miiKveda, miiKvebobobobodei, amadei, amadei, amadei, amaigigigiglilililiJoiJoiJoiJoi rigis formebi. jurnalisti koloritulobisTvis mimarTavs dialeqtiz-

mebs, magram kuTxur formaTa teqstSi Cawerisas Tu dozirebi-sas winaaGmdegobebs awKdeba, amitom sagazeTo enisaTvis saTana-do rekomendaciebi unda SemuSavdes.

e T e re T e re T e re T e r S e n g e l i aS e n g e l i aS e n g e l i aS e n g e l i a (Tbilisi) ricxvSiricxvSiricxvSiricxvSi fuZemonacvle zmnebi megrulSifuZemonacvle zmnebi megrulSifuZemonacvle zmnebi megrulSifuZemonacvle zmnebi megrulSi

qarTvelur zmnas ricxvis gramatikuli kategoria gaaCnia _ zmnasTan SewKobili subieqturi Tu obieqturi pirebis ri-cxvi zmnaSi saTanado niSnebiT gamoixateba. magram qarTulSi moipoveba erTi wKeba zmnebisa, romlebic Taviseburebas avlenen ricxvis gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT. kerZod, Tu zmna ver awarmo-ebs mravlobiTi ricxvis formas, is inacvlebs sxva fuZes. ase-Ti zmnebi ricxvSi monacvleni arian (a. SaniZe): Jdoma _ sxdo-ma; vardna _ cvivna; gdeba _ Kra; sma _ sxma; bma _ sxma; kvla _ xocva; Kvana _ sxma; gdeba _ reka...

saintereso viTarebaa am TvalsazrisiT megrulSi. moZie-buli masalis mixedviT gamovlinda rogorc ricxvSi monacvle ‡‡‡‡oToToToT- (o‡oTans) `agdebs~ _ rGvrGvrGvrGv- (orGvans) `Kris~; ZZZZ- (Zˆ) `devs~ _ rG{v}rG{v}rG{v}rG{v}- ({ge}rG{v}u) `Kria~; taxtaxtaxtax- (taxˆns) `texs~ _ CxuCxuCxuCxumormormormor- (Cxumorˆns) `amsxvrevs~, tutututumormormormor- (tumorˆns) `am-tvrevs~, fufufufu{{{{rrrr}}}}-CxolCxolCxolCxol- (furCxolˆns) º burburburburCxolCxolCxolCxol- (burCxolˆns) º funfunfunfunCxolCxolCxolCxol- (funCxolˆns) `fSvnis, amsxvrevs, anamcecebs~; GurGurGurGur- (Guru) `kvdeba~ _ yKordyKordyKordyKord- (yKordu) `wKdeba, ixoceba~; llll- (lˆ) `vardeba~ _ cccc- (cens) `cviva~; ‡‡‡‡vilvilvilvil- (‡vilˆns) `klavs~ _

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sirsirsirsir- (sirˆns) `xocavs, jlets~; dvdvdvdv- ({do}dvans) `debs~ _ wkarwkarwkarwkar- (owkarans) `awKobs, aseve mravlobiTobis gamomxatveli zmnebi, romlebsac mxolobiTis Sinaarsis Sesabamisi zmna ar eZebneba (GvarGvGvarGvGvarGvGvarGv- º GverGvGverGvGverGvGverGv- (iGvarGu º iGverGu) `bevri erTmaneTSi ireva, moZraobs~; zGodzGodzGodzGod- (ozGoduans) `xocavs~; ronCxronCxronCxronCx- ({go}ronCxˆ) `uxvad aris, Kria, daxunZlula~; JorgJorgJorgJorg- (geJorgˆ) `Jgufi, gundi, xrova visime, risame dgas~...).

saanalizo erTeulebi Taviseburebas avlenen mwkrivTa warmoebisa da saxelTan SeTanxmebis TvalsazrisiTac. amis Sesa-xeb ufro dawvrilebiT moxsenebaSi iqneba msJeloba.

v av av av a j aj aj aj a SSSS eeee n g en g en g en g e l i a l i a l i a l i a (Tbilisi) pipipipiris niris niris niris niSanSanSanSanTa foTa foTa foTa fonenenenetitititikukukukuri cvliri cvliri cvliri cvlilelelelebisbisbisbis titititipopopopolololologigigigiiiiisasasasaTvis qarTvis qarTvis qarTvis qarTveTveTveTvelur dalur dalur dalur da afxaafxaafxaafxazurzurzurzur----CerCerCerCerqeqeqeqezul enebzul enebzul enebzul enebSiSiSiSi

piris niSnebi, rogorc cnobilia, qarTvelur enaTa zmnis pirvelsa da meore pirSi prefiqsebia, mesame pirSi _ sufiqse-bi; afxazur-Cerqezul enebSi piris niSnebad samsave pirSi pre-fiqsebi gvaqvs. piris niSnebi garkveul poziciaSi fonetikur cvlilebebs ganicdian, rac xdeba maTi momdevno Tanxmovnis ga-vleniT.

1. ssss → zzzz pirveli piris niSani ssss- afxazur-Cerqezul enebSi zzzz-Si

gadadis, Tu momdevno Tanxmovani mjGeria. KabardoulSi S1 ssss- zzzz-s gvaZlevs dinamikurobis …………––––-(oooo-) niSnis winac.

qarTul zepir metKvelebaSi gvaqvs O3 ssss → zzzz procesi mjGeri Tanxmovnis wina poziciaSi (mag., mizzzzdevs).

megrul-lazuri enis lazur dialeqtSic dadasturebu-lia ssss → zzzz procesi, kerZod, mesame subieqturi piris sufiqsi -ssss -zzzz-Si gadadis sxvaTa sitKvis -����aaaa nawilakis win (mag., qomox-Tazzzzia `movideso~).

2. vvvv(…………) → bbbb, ffff, pppp

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pirveli piris niSani vvvv megrul-lazurSi momdevno mjGeri, fSvinvieri Tu mkveTri Tanxmovnebis win Sesabamis ba-gismier (bbbb, ffff, pppp) xSulebSi gadadis.

msgavs procesTan gvaqvs saqme Cerqezul enebSi, sadac meo-re piris niSani ………… momdevno xmovnis gavleniT imave bbbb, ffff, pppp va-riantebs gvaZlevs.

3. TTTT → dddd es procesi dasturdeba adiGeur enaSi, kerZod, mravlo-

biTi ricxvis pirveli piris niSani TTTT- -dddd-Si gadadis. analogiuri procesi gvaqvs lazurSi, sadac mravlobiTi

ricxvis mesame piris sufiqsi TTTT- dddd-s gvaZlevs -����aaaa nawilakis win (mag., mebuludddd�a `mivdivarTo~).

zogadi, rac zemoT ganxilul procesebs aerTianebs, esaa fonetikuri procesis regresuli xasiaTi _ momdevno Tanxmov-nis gavleniT icvleba winamavali piris niSani. ase rom, qarTve-luri enebis erT-erTi zogadi tipologiuri niSani _ regre-suli asimilacia, razedac pirvelad i. KifSiZem gaamaxvila KuradGeba, afxazur-Cerqezuli enebisTvisac aris damaxasiaTe-beli (es procesi iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa tipologiis Semad-genel elementad SeiZleba davsaxoT).

r e v a z S e r o z i ar e v a z S e r o z i ar e v a z S e r o z i ar e v a z S e r o z i a (Tbilisi)

zogi zogi zogi zogi axali warmoebisaTvis megrulaxali warmoebisaTvis megrulaxali warmoebisaTvis megrulaxali warmoebisaTvis megrul metKmetKmetKmetKvelebaSivelebaSivelebaSivelebaSi

1. enobrivi sistemis struqturul elementebs sistemis varian-

ti (ena, dialeqti, kilo...) Tavisi sametKvelo fsiqologi-is mixedviT moixmars, _ elementTa cvlilebebi an maTi momiJnave funqciiT (nulovani statusiTac) gamoKeneba api-robebs gagebinebis xarisxis mxriv sistemis variantebs So-ris dapirispirebas.

2. megrul metKvelebaSi siaxleebi dasturdeba. isini migviTi-Teben rogorc saerTo, qarTveluri sistemis, ise dialeq-tis ganviTarebis gzaze.

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a. verwKebeverwKebeverwKebeverwKebe (ar Cans; ver ixedeba) axali zmnuri formaa, dadebiTi Sinaarsis irwKebeirwKebeirwKebeirwKebe iSviaTia, orive potencia-lisis warmoebisaa, Tumca relatiuri formebi ar Cans. `xedvis~ Sinaarsis gadmosacemad, Cveulebriv, gamoiKene-ba aseve potencialisis warmoebis iiii////aaaa----ZiZiZiZire, vere, vere, vere, veZiZiZiZire, vare, vare, vare, va----ZiZiZiZirererere.... `ar Cans~, `ver xedavs~ mniSvnelobebis garda eseni `povnasac~ `iTavseben~, verwverwverwverwKKKKebeebeebeebe ki mxolod `xedvis~ gamomxatvelia.

b. mammammammamgogogogonininini (mgonia) xelovnuris STabeydilebas tovebs da iSviaTad ismis megrul metKvelebaSi. pirveli piris ga-martivebul mgomgomgomgonininini formas meqanikurad erwKmis mamamama (me) nacvalsaxeli. amasTan, formaSi SenarCunebulia obieq-turi piris niSanic.

m a n a n a C a C a n i Z e ,m a n a n a C a C a n i Z e ,m a n a n a C a C a n i Z e ,m a n a n a C a C a n i Z e , m a r i a m cm a r i a m cm a r i a m cm a r i a m c i s k a r i S v l ii s k a r i S v l ii s k a r i S v l ii s k a r i S v l i (Tbilisi) preverbisa da aspeqtis urTierTmimarTebisaTvispreverbisa da aspeqtis urTierTmimarTebisaTvispreverbisa da aspeqtis urTierTmimarTebisaTvispreverbisa da aspeqtis urTierTmimarTebisaTvis qarTulsa da bacburSiqarTulsa da bacburSiqarTulsa da bacburSiqarTulsa da bacburSi

preverbisa da aspeqtis urTierTmimarTeba zmnis katego-riaTa warmoebisas rigi TaviseburebebiT gamoirCeva qarTulsa da bacburSi. samecniero literaturaSi am sakiTxis da, zoga-dad, aspeqtis tipologiis garkveuli monakveTebis seriozulad damuSavebis gverdiT arcTu mcirea naklebdamuSavebuli ubne-bic.

aspeqtis kategoriis formirebis gzaze misi gamoxatvis saxeebis mixedviT, saintereso niuanss warmoaCens qarTulidan nasesxebi zmnebi bacburSi, preverbuli warmoebisas, kerZod, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs e. w. ormagpreverbiani formebi (mag.: [h>al™] daxatodar `daxatva~, [Cu] daweradar `wera~, [h>alo] miwonadalar, [dah>] daGupadalar, [h>al™] aSenebadar da misT.).

qarTulis viTarebis Sesabamisad, bacburSi preverbiani

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da upreverbo fuZeebiT aspeqti garCeulia ZiriTadad qarTu-lidan nasesxeb zmnebSi. moxsenebaSi aris cda amgvari masalis analizis safuZvelze dazustdes preverbis funqciuri roli aspeqtis warmoebisas.

m e r a b C u x u a m e r a b C u x u a m e r a b C u x u a m e r a b C u x u a (Tbilisi) vnebiTi gvaris sufiqsaciis problemisaTvisvnebiTi gvaris sufiqsaciis problemisaTvisvnebiTi gvaris sufiqsaciis problemisaTvisvnebiTi gvaris sufiqsaciis problemisaTvis qarTvelur enebSiqarTvelur enebSiqarTvelur enebSiqarTvelur enebSi

saerToqarTveluri ----iiii sufiqsiani vnebiTi, Zv. qarTuli i-w…-iiii-s, i-Tqm-iiii-s, i-sm-iiii-s tipisa, megrul-lazurSi ----e e e e dabolo-ebian alomorfs SeisatKvisebs, Sdr. Sesabamisad megrul-lazu-ri: i-y…-eeee-n, i-Tq…-eeee-n, i-S…-eeee-n. prefiqsaciis cvlas vnebiTebSi struqturuli cvlilebebi ar axlavs, Sdr. qarT. eeee-w…-iiii-s : megr.-yan. aaaa-y…-eeee-n `id~.

zemoTaGniSnuli erTgvarovneba zmnaTa metad SezGudul raodenobas axasiaTebs. umetes SemTxvevaSi qarTulsa da za-nurs Soris struqturul-semantikuri sxvaoba iCens Tavs:

zan. Zv. qarT. ax. qarT. iiii-yar-eeee-n iiii-Tas-eeee-n iiii-gub-eeee-n

iiii-wer-eb-iiii-s iiii-Tes-eb-iiii-s iiii-gb-ob-iiii-s

iiii-wer-eb-a iiii-Tes-eb-a iiii-gb-ob-a...

kerZod, zanur martiv ----e e e e daboloebas Zv. qarTulSi Temis niSniT garTulebuli ----ebebebeb----i i i i Tanmimdevroba Seesabameba, rasac axal qarTulSi sulac ----ebebebeb----a a a a gamoxatavs. kiTxva ismis: hqonda Tu ara zanurs Zv. qarT. ----ebebebeb----i i i i sufiqsiani vnebiTis struqtu-ruli analogi? pasuxi dadebiTi Cans; Cveni azriT, akad. arn. Ciqobavas mier lazurisaTvis miTiTebuli erTaderTi go-iiii-Tur-afafafaf-uuuu-T `daeTreviT~ magaliTi Zv. qarT. iiii-wer-ebebebeb-iiii-T tipis gamoZaxilia _ ----eb eb eb eb : : : : ----afafafaf. prof. g. kartoziam lazurSi ----afafafaf----u u u u (=qarT. ----ebebebeb----iiii) daboloebiani vnebiTebis sxva nimuSebic mravlad moiZia, Sdr.: ga-m-iiii-Tx…-afafafaf-uuuu-n `gavTxovdebi~, gu-i-qT-afafafaf-uuuu-n `ga-

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brundebi~, iiii-Sir-afafafaf-uuuu-n `icviTeba~, a-Squrin-afafafaf-uuuu-n `SeeSinde-ba~, a-ykom-afafafaf-uuuu-n `eymeba~ da sxv.

cxadia, aq dasaxelebul lazur -afafafaf-u u u u daboloeba Zv. qar-Tuli ----ebebebeb----i i i i sufiqsaciis zusti struqturuli SesatKvisia. mag-ram aq mxolod struqturul-funqciur identurobaze SeiZle-ba saubari, fonetikurad Zv. qarT. vnebiTobis ----i i i i ar SeesatKvi-seba zanur ----u u u u sufiqss. wesis mixedviT Zv. qarTuli ----ebebebeb----i i i i su-fiqsis Sesabamisad lazurSi mosalodneli iKo ----afafafaf----e e e e daboloe-ba. rogorc irkveva, aq iseTive mimarTeba gvaqvs, rogoric er-Tpirian vnebiTebSi gamoCndeba:

zan. Zv. qarT. ax. qarT. tib-uuuu-n Gur-uuuu-n sqid-uuuu-n

tf-eb-iiii-s kud-eb-iiii-s ST-eb-iiii-s

Tb-eb-a kvd-eb-a rC-eb-a...

da zanur dialeqtebSi TavCenili ----u u u u sufiqsi sxva arafe-ria, Tu ara Zv. qarTulis e. w. saSuali gvaris zmnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ----ov ov ov ov sufiqsis kanonzomieri SesatKvisi: maGl-ovovovov-, creml-ovovovov-..., sadac qarT. ----ov ov ov ov : zan. ----u u u u Sepirispirebas fo-netikuri dabrkolebebi ar axlavs.

n a n a c e c x l a Z e ,n a n a c e c x l a Z e ,n a n a c e c x l a Z e ,n a n a c e c x l a Z e , d i a n a a x v l e d i a n id i a n a a x v l e d i a n id i a n a a x v l e d i a n id i a n a a x v l e d i a n i (Tbilisi) zogierTi saerTozogierTi saerTozogierTi saerTozogierTi saerTo----qarTveluriqarTveluriqarTveluriqarTveluri sufiqsi ayarulSisufiqsi ayarulSisufiqsi ayarulSisufiqsi ayarulSi

Zvelsa da saSual qarTulSi -av da -am TemisniSnian

zmnaTa uGlebaSi TavCenili ev\em\v\m formantebis arseboba spe-cialur literaturaSi sxvadasxvanairadaa axsnili.

I. a) -ev da -em damoukidebeli formantebia gansxvavebuli dialeqturi wris Semonatanni da Tanac ufro Zveli, vidre -av da -am Temis niSnebi.

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b) transformaciuli Tvalsazrisis momxreTa mixedviT -ev da -em sufiqsebi -av-is da -am-isganaa miGebuli. erTni amis mi-zezad fonetikur faqtorebs Tvlian, meoreni _ morfologiurs.

am ukanaskneli Tvalsazrisis momxreni Tvlian, rom -ev da -em formantebi damoukidebeli Temis niSnebi maSin iqnebodnen, isini rom gamovleniliKo awKmoSi, awmKos xolmeobiTsa da I TurmeobiTSi.

q. ZoweniZis mier zemoimerulSi (mr. r. III pirSi) gamo-vlenili fqveven tipis formebi da m. cincaZisa da m. faGavas mier mayaxlis xeobaSi dadasturebuli vzidev, akoyev, Zinevs da misT. zmnebi a. Ciqobavaseul varauds amtkicebs.

-ev da -em damoukidebeli sufiqsebia mimGeobiTSic. aGna-Tquami\\ aGnaTquemi, narisuavi\\narisuevi\\narisuali\\narisueli paraleluri formebia. disimilacia gamoricxulia iseTi mimGeobebSi, rogoricaa nasKidevi da naqmnevi.

mokled, -ev da -em gamovlinda awKmoSi, uwKvetelSi, I brZa-nebiTsa da I kavSirebiTSi. I TurmeobiTSi misi gamovlena arcaa mosalodneli, radgan III seria gvianaa CamoKalibebuli, es for-mantebi ki uZvelesi formaciisani arian. maTi refleqsebi das-turdeba sxva qarTvelur enebSic. -em sufiqsi gvaqvs svanurSi: balszemourSi uwKvetlis mwkrivSi gvaqvs gadabgereba am, bal-sqvemourSi ki _ ara.

II. -ev rom uZvelesia, amaze isic metKvelebs rom zog zmnaSi yirs misi gamoKofa, zogs ki II seriaSi gadahKveba. wKve-tilis -e niSanic -ev-isgan momdinared iTvleba. -ev aoristis mawarmoebelia megrulSic. samxrulSi, qarTulSi, zemoime-rulSi da kaxurSi dadasturebuli vnaxevi, davTesevi da misT. formebi uZvelesi viTarebis amsaxvelia. isini uZvelesi qarTu-lis dialeqtTa erT JgufSi gvxvdeba.

-ev (iseve rogorc -em) saerTo-qarTveluri, uZvelesi formaciis sufiqsia. misi Tavdapirveli funqcia aoristis warmoeba unda KofiliKo. igi polifunqciuria, awarmoebs kau-zativsac (aTqmevs, aTqmevinebs).

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r o i n y i k a Z er o i n y i k a Z er o i n y i k a Z er o i n y i k a Z e (Telavi) zmnis drozmnis drozmnis drozmnis dro----kiloTa da drois zmnizediskiloTa da drois zmnizediskiloTa da drois zmnizediskiloTa da drois zmnizedis urTierTmimarTebebis sakiTxisaTvisurTierTmimarTebebis sakiTxisaTvisurTierTmimarTebebis sakiTxisaTvisurTierTmimarTebebis sakiTxisaTvis (kaxuri dialeqtis teqstebis mixedviT)

zmnis dro-kiloTa da drois zmnizedaTa urTierTmimar-

Tebisas KuradGebas iqcevs zmnizeda `memememerererere~, romelic rogorc winadadebis wevri, drois garemoebaa, xolo gabmuli metKvele-bis teqstSi gamoiKeneba mierTebiTi kavSiris funqciiT. es faq-tori kidev erTxel adasturebs im debulebis yeSmaritebas, rom `nebismieri enobrivi funqcia dgindeba da realurad arse-bobs mxolod da mxolod konteqstSi~ (b. JorbenaZe).

sakiTxis Sesaswavlad veKrdnobiT kaxuri dialeqtis teq-stobriv masalas.

`memememerererere~-s Semcvel teqstebSi aGsaniSnavia zmna-Semasmenle-bis dro-kiloTa Tanamimdevroba; kerZod: momxdari ambis SeSeSeSedededede----gis gis gis gis saCveneblad `memememerererere~-sTan erTad gamoiKeneba zmna-Semasmenel-Ta namKo wKvenamKo wKvenamKo wKvenamKo wKvetitititili li li li da TurTurTurTurmemememeoooobibibibiTeTeTeTebibibibi:

memememere adre adre adre adgnen, gaaGes gnen, gaaGes gnen, gaaGes gnen, gaaGes qvabi da gagagagaaaaacococococxles cxles cxles cxles i biyi... memememere re re re colebic mouKvamouKvamouKvamouKvaninininiaT aT aT aT da memememere gaKrire gaKrire gaKrire gaKrilanlanlanlan... memememere re re re coli momomomo����kvdekvdekvdekvdemomomomoda da da da mamaCems da balGi dadadada����rCorCorCorComomomomodadadada... moqmedebis inininintentententensisisisivovovovobabababasa sa sa sa da mramramramravalvalvalvalgzigzigzigzisosososobas bas bas bas gadmogvcems

`memememerererere~-s mimKoli Semdegi nakvTebi: e. w. `zozozozogagagagadi awmKodi awmKodi awmKodi awmKo~, mKofamKofamKofamKofadi, xoldi, xoldi, xoldi, xolmemememeoooobibibibiTi Ti Ti Ti da I TurI TurI TurI TurmemememeoooobibibibiTiTiTiTi:

memememere dgare dgare dgare dganan nan nan nan qalebi da hgvihgvihgvihgvian an an an kalos... memememere re re re sakaloe adgili gagagagaigigigigveveveveba, maba, maba, maba, mairwKveirwKveirwKveirwKveba ba ba ba da gadagadagadagadaigigigigveveveve----

babababa... memememere re re re meZneuri gagagagaiiiikekekekeTebs Tebs Tebs Tebs ulo�... memememerme morme morme morme momkimkimkimkian an an an da

gagagaga����lelelelewawawawamenmenmenmen... memememere more more more movivivivitantantantandiT diT diT diT mosavalsa... SavSavSavSavxvexvexvexvetamtamtamtamdiTdiTdiTdiT... SaSaSaSavavavavaququququCebCebCebCeb----

diT diT diT diT da gagagagavlevlevlevlewamwamwamwamdiTdiTdiTdiT... memememerererere... uteuteuteutexixixixiaT aT aT aT tKe da uCeuCeuCeuCexixixixiaTaTaTaT... kaxuri dialeqtis masalaze dakvirvebiT gamoirkva, rom

drois zmnizeda `memememerererere~ TxrobiT teqstSi umTavresad aGniSnavs ara konkretul dros, aramed Tanamonawile zmna-SemasmenlebTan erTad gviCvenebs winamavali ambis Sedegs, anda moqmedebis pro-

70

cesis Tanamimdevrobasa da intensivobas; saamisod gamoiKeneba dro-kiloTa Semdegi nakvTebi:

awmKo (e. w. `zogadi awmKo~) _ lewamen mKofadi _ ga�lewamen xolmeobiTi _ ga�lewamdnen

memememerererere namKo wKvetili _ galewavs I TurmeobiTi _ gaulewiaT II TurmeobiTi _ gaelewaT

r o e n ar o e n ar o e n ar o e n a y k a d u ay k a d u ay k a d u ay k a d u a (Tbilisi) erTi tipis statikur zmnaTaerTi tipis statikur zmnaTaerTi tipis statikur zmnaTaerTi tipis statikur zmnaTa warmoebisaTvis svanurSiwarmoebisaTvis svanurSiwarmoebisaTvis svanurSiwarmoebisaTvis svanurSi

svanuri enis dialeqtebSi dGemde SemorCenilia rigi ar-qauli formebisa, romelTac fuZis gauformebloba da stati-kuri mniSvneloba axasiaTebs.

arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis institutis ar-qivSi aGmoCnda Kofili TanamSromlis al. daviTianis xelnawe-ri `garegani saxeobis leqsikisaTvis svanurSi~, sadac anban-Trigze dalagebulia 184 erTeuli (werili daibeyda krebul-Si `iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba, XXXVI, 2008). avtoris azriT, `esaa zusti Sedarebis sitKvebi, romlebsac obieqtis garSemo subieqtis warmodgena qmnis. xSir SemTxvevaSi ki xmabaZ-viT daxasiaTebasac Seicavs~ (daviTiani, ike, XXVI) mag. gggg…………iriririr `didTaviani, Casuqebuli adamiani dgas~ (ase itKvian melot-zec); friTfriTfriTfriT `farToKurebiani adamiani an cxoveli~; JGJGJGJG…………iriririr `mo-qufruli, moJGuruli dgas~; giTgiTgiTgiT `kiseraweuli dgas~; tittittittit `fexSiSvela dgas~ da a. S.

saTanado KuradGeba miaqcia am tipis leqsemebs z. yumbu-riZem Tavis monografiaSi `mKofadi qarTvelur enebSi~. mecnie-ri maT nulsufiqsiani statikuri zmnebis kvalifikacias aZlevs da radganac es formebi sagnis niSan-Tvisebis xazgasmasTan er-

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Tad, zogadad, mKofoba-arsebobas gamoxataven, mkvlevari maT Semdegnairad Targmnis: gligligligli………… `briKvulad zis (an dgas)~; ziziziziƒƒƒƒ `uSnod agdia (an zis)~ da a. S.

unda SevniSnoT, rom am zmnebis zusti Targmna sakmaod Znelia da metwilad aGweriTad gadmoicema maTi mniSvneloba.

balszemour dialeqtSi nulsufiqsiani leqsemebis para-lelurad gvxvdeba ----iiii bolosarTiani formebi fuZiseuli xmov-nis gadabgerebiT: bq. brig,brig,brig,brig, bz. brbrbrbrŠŠŠŠgggg----i;i;i;i; bq. Tig,Tig,Tig,Tig, bz. TTTTŠŠŠŠgggg----iiii; bq. gliJ,gliJ,gliJ,gliJ, bz. glglglglŠŠŠŠJJJJ----iiii da a. S.

zemoTganxiluli arqauli zmnebi imiTac aris saKuradGebo, rom svanuris TiTqmis Kvela dialeqtSi xdeba am formaTa warmoeba statikuri SinaarsiT. kerZod, isini warmo-dgenilia iiii---- _ _ _ _ ----’’’’llll... ... ... ... º º º º iiii---- _ _ _ _ ----ŠŠŠŠllll............ KalibiT. aGniSnuli Kalibi-ani zmnebis erT-erT mniSvnelobad svanurSi swored statiku-robasac miiCneven. samecniero literaturaSi ----’’’’llll... ... ... ... º º º º ----iiii----ŠŠŠŠllll............ sufiqsebi qarTuli ----obobobob-Tan aris Sedarebuli (axal qarTulSi ----obobobob statikurobis erT-erT ZiriTad mawarmoeblad aris miCneu-li) da miTiTebulia rom `...svanurSi statikurobaze xazgasmas swored es afiqsebi unda kisrulobdnen (kl. gagua, ike, XXVII, 1988).

miuxedavad ZiriTadi mniSvnelobisa da statikuri niuan-sis SenarCunebisa, aGniSnuli Kalibiani formebi moZraobasac gamoxataven:

brigbrigbrigbrig `uSnod dgas~, iiii----brigbrigbrigbrig----anananan----’’’’llll............ `aqeT-iqiT uSnod dai-areba~

TigTigTigTig `erT adgilas dgas~, iiii----TigTigTigTig----anananan----’’’’llll `aqeT-iqiT mousven-robs~

xiTxiTxiTxiT `nemisivT aryvia iiii----xiTxiTxiTxiT----anananan----’’’’llll............ biCxbiCxbiCxbiCx `fexSiSvela, uSnod zis~ iiii----biCxbiCxbiCxbiCx----anananan----’’’’llll............ `fexSiSvela

dafarTgunobs~. zliKzliKzliKzliK `didi tanis adamiani uSnod dgas~ iiii----zzzzliKliKliKliK----anananan----’’’’llll............ iiii---- _ _ _ _ ----’’’’l l l l º º º º iiii---- _ _ _ _ ----iiiiŠŠŠŠllll Kalibiani zmnebi iuGlebian

awmKoseuli droebis mixedviT da SeiZleba lalalala---- zmniswinis da-rTviT warsulis gagebac gadmosces: lalalala----����----bricbricbricbric----anananan----alalalal `waibri-qa~, lalalala----����----flifflifflifflif----anananan----al, laal, laal, laal, la----����----GliykGliykGliykGliyk----anananan----alalalal `waikriya~ da a. S.

iiii---- _ _ _ _ ----’’’’llll............ Kalibian absolutur zmnebs sapirispiro re-latiuri xxxx----e _ e _ e _ e _ ----’’’’llll............ `formebic aqvT.

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sagulisxmoa, rom gauformebeli leqsemebi gvxvdeba fu-Zedrekad zmnebSic da ara mxolod: bˆd `asxia~ º xxxx----aaaa----bidbidbidbid; tixtixtixtix `daburnebulia~; cccc…………iriririr `datovebulia~; sidsidsidsid `darCenilia~ tttt…………arararar `anTia~ º xxxx----aaaa----tttt…………ar ar ar ar º xxxx----aaaa----tttt…………rrrr----aaaa; kkkk…………arararar `agdia~ º xxxx----aaaa----kkkk…………rrrr----aaaa.

garda aGniSnuli Kalibiani formebisa afiqsTa saSuale-biT sxvadasxva zmnuri formebi warmoiqmneba:

KlipKlipKlipKlip `pirdabCenili dgas~, xxxx----aaaa----KlipKlipKlipKlip `pirdabCenili mi-sCerebia~, xxxx----oooo----KlipKlipKlipKlip----anananan----eeee `raGacas elodeba pirdaGebuli~, aaaa----KKKKˆ̂̂̂lplplplp----ˆ̂̂̂nnnn----eeee `mouTmenlad dgas~

glib, xglib, xglib, xglib, x----aaaa----glib, xglib, xglib, xglib, x----oooo----glibglibglibglib----anananan----e, ae, ae, ae, a----ggggˆ̂̂̂lblblblb----ˆ̂̂̂nnnn----eeee............ zemoTganxiluli masala kidev erTxel adasturebs arn.

Ciqobavas mosazrebas, rom statikuri zmnebi uZvelesi formaci-isa, im droindeli, rodesac `zmna minimalurad gansxvavdeboda saxelisagan~ da statikur zmnaTa formawarmoebis standarte-bis SemuSaveba axlaGa xdeba.

svanurSi erTmaneTis paralelurad gvaqvs statikuri mniSvnelobis uZvelesi zmnuri formebi da Tanamedrove moqme-di produqtiuli Kalibis statikurebi, Tumca unda SevniSnoT, rom arqauli formebi axalgazrda Taobis metKvelebaSi nakle-bad gvxvdeba.

n in in in i n en en en e l i y ol i y ol i y ol i y o x ox ox ox o n en en en e l il il il i Z eZ eZ eZ e (Tbilisi) marmarmarmartitititivi fuvi fuvi fuvi fuZeZeZeZegagagagaororororkekekekececececebubububulililili komkomkomkompopopopozizizizitetetetebi gabi gabi gabi garerererekakakakaxurxurxurxurSiSiSiSi (sarTiyaluri garekaxuri Tqmis mixedviT)

sarTiyalur garekaxurSi farTodaa gavrcelebuli fuZis

martivi gaorkecebiT warmoqmnili kompozitebi, romelTagan 1. umetesi nawili saliteraturo enaSi gamovlenil kompoziteb-Tan Tanxvdomia mag., butbutbutbutbubububuti, ratti, ratti, ratti, ratrarararati, kawti, kawti, kawti, kawkakakakawi, varwi, varwi, varwi, varvavavavari, ri, ri, ri, rikrikrikrikririririki, zimki, zimki, zimki, zimzizizizimimimimi... 2. nawili ki fonetikurad Secvlilia, Seim-Cneva semantikuri gansxvavebac sasasasaqsaqsaqsaqsaqi _ siqqi _ siqqi _ siqqi _ siqsasasasaqi, livqi, livqi, livqi, livlilililivi _ vi _ vi _ vi _ lavlavlavlavlalalalavi, lapvi, lapvi, lapvi, laplalalalapi _ lippi _ lippi _ lippi _ liplilililipi, xaspi, xaspi, xaspi, xasxaxaxaxasi _ xasi _ xasi _ xasi _ xaCxaCxaCxaCxaCi, TuxCi, TuxCi, TuxCi, TuxTuTuTuTuxi _ xi _ xi _ xi _

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TluxTluxTluxTluxTluTluTluTluxi, lafxi, lafxi, lafxi, laflalalalafi _ loffi _ loffi _ loffi _ loflolololofifififi... 3. zogi amgvari kompo-zitis fuZe saerToqarTveluri enis donemdis adis, mag., a) yuyuyuyu----pyupyupyupyupipipipi: yupyupebs 1. qonSi liplipebs, cximiania; 2. qafs moig-debs. kerZi SevinaxeT, magram ayupyupda, gadasaGvrelia. vfiq-robT, rom yuyuyuyupyupyupyupyupi pi pi pi ← yiyiyiyipyipyipyipyipi pi pi pi (qiz.). ← yimyimyimyimyiyiyiyimi mi mi mi (alg. qarTl.); yimyimyimyim---- fuZe gamoiKofa Zv. qarTulisa da dialeqtebidan cnobil sitKvaSi yiyiyiyimumumumuri ri ri ri `erboSi CafSvnili puri an myadi~. yim-s ki kanonzomierad SeesatKviseba svanuris erbos aGmniSvne-li yKyKyKyKççççnnnn.

b) tKartKaritKartKaritKartKaritKartKari: : : : atKartKaratKartKaratKartKaratKartKardedededeba ba ba ba sibrazisagan an sircxvi-lisagan gawiTldeba. migvaCnia, rom tKartKari tKartKari tKartKari tKartKari ← tartKari tartKari tartKari tartKari. . . . K K K K ganviTarebuli Cans. tartartartar-s ki kanonzomierad SeesatKviseba sva-nuris anTebis Sinaarsis tttt…………rrrr----: : : : atatatat…………re re re re at…çre anTebs. cakcakcakcakcacacacakakakaka: : : : cakcakcakcakcacacacakebs kebs kebs kebs _ mokle nabiJebiT dadis. megr. cak-ali (l. saniki-Ze).

4. rig SemTxvevaSi amosavali martivi fuZe damoukidebla-dac dasturdeba. SurSurSurSurSuSuSuSuriririri: : : : aSuraSuraSuraSurSuSuSuSurebs rebs rebs rebs saqmes aCqarebiT, ugu-lod akeTebs. Sdr. eSueSueSueSurererereba ba ba ba eCqareba (TuSuri). batbatbatbatbabababatitititi: : : : batbatbatbat----babababatebs tebs tebs tebs ulazaTod, rweviT dadis. Sdr. abotebs didi nabiJebiT dadis.

taptaptaptaptatatatapi pi pi pi _ taptaptaptaptatatatapebs pebs pebs pebs _ magrad, qusliT adgams fexs. Sdr. topavs didis wKalSi, lafSi.

xusxusxusxusxuxuxuxusisisisi: : : : xusxusxusxusxuxuxuxusebs sebs sebs sebs swrafad dadis. vfiqrobT xusxusxusxusxuxuxuxusi si si si ← qusqusqusqusququququsisisisi. ququququsisisisi((((iiii))))_ ki igive unda iKos rac gagagagaquslavs quslavs quslavs quslavs _ momomomo----kurkurkurkurcxlavscxlavscxlavscxlavs.

jikjikjikjikjijijijikakakaka lamazi wvrilKvaviliani materia. jikjikjikjikjijijijika ka ka ka ← zikzikzikzik----zizizizika ka ka ka `morTuli, mokazmuli~. Sdr. Zv. qarT. ziziziziki ki ki ki lerwami qso-ili (l. sanikiZe).

5) zog maTgans ufro fesvebi eZebneba zvivzvivzvivzvivzviv zviv zviv zviv ZlivZliv saymeli zvivzvivzvivzvivzviv zviv zviv zviv eKoT. Sdr. zuzuzuzuziv ziv ziv ziv + zuz zuz zuz zuz warmomavlobiT un-da ukavSirdebodes asurulis monetas, groSis aGmniSvnel z”za-s. iSviaTad SeiZleba formiT qarTuli kompozitis msgavsi sitKva nasesxebi aGmoCndes. mag.: murmurmurmurmumumumuriririri: : : : murmurmurmurmumumumurebs rebs rebs rebs Cumad buzGunebs. Sdr. sr. mmmmŠŠŠŠmmmmŠŠŠŠrrrr; daGdaGidaGdaGidaGdaGidaGdaGi: : : : daGdaGebs daGdaGebs daGdaGebs daGdaGebs _ cudad xma-urobs. Sdr. Turq. daGdaGa.

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n in in in i n o x an o x an o x an o x a x ix ix ix i a Sa Sa Sa S v iv iv iv i llll iiii (Tbilisi) ererererTi zmnuTi zmnuTi zmnuTi zmnuri da sari da sari da sari da saxexexexelulululuri Ziri Ziri Ziri Zirisrisrisris ururururTiTiTiTiererererTmiTmiTmiTmimarmarmarmarTeTeTeTebibibibisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

qarTul (da ara marto qarTul) saenaTmecniero litera-

turaSi farTodaa ganxiluli `arseboba-mdgomareobis~, `qona-Kolis~ da `moZraobis~ zogierTi zmnuri da saxeluri (nacval-saxeluri) fuZeebis saerTo Zirze daKvanis problema.

masalobrivi da semantikuri momentebis gaTvaliswinebiT ivaraudeba, rom Zireuli masala [g], [r], [v] zmnur Zirebsa da nacvalsaxelebSi saerToa; kerZod: [g]: h-g-ies, e-g-o _ i-g-i, e-g-e; [r]: a-r-s _ r-a; [vi]: u-vi-s _ vi-n... (a. arabuli, e. osiZe, m. qurdiani).

vfiqrobT, SesaZlebelia am TvalsazrisiT Zv. qarT. esua esua esua esua (`hKavda") zmnisa da eseeseeseese, , , , isiisiisiisi nacvalsaxelebis Zireuli elemen-tebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxis dasmac.

m z i a x am z i a x am z i a x am z i a x a x ux ux ux u t at at at a i Si Si Si S v iv iv iv i l il il il i (baTumi) zmnis zozmnis zozmnis zozmnis zogigigigiererererTi TaTi TaTi TaTi Tavivivivisesesesebubububurererereba qoba qoba qoba qobubububuleleleleTurTurTurTur kikikikilolololokavkavkavkavSiSiSiSi ((((mumumumuhahahahaJJJJiriririrTa STaTa STaTa STaTa STamomomomomavmavmavmavlelelelebis metbis metbis metbis metKKKKvevevevelelelelebis mibis mibis mibis mixedxedxedxedviTviTviTviT))))

1111.... azrTa sxvadasxvaobis miuxedavad, mkvlevarebi ayarul

dialeqtSi gamoKofen: zemoayarul, qvemoayarul da qobule-Tur kilokavebs. qobuleTeli muhaJirebis STamomavalTa metKvelebis saTanado analizi mniSvnelovani masalaa qobule-Turi metKvelebis calke kilokavad gamoKofisaTvis. qobule-Tel muhaJirTa STamomavlebis metKvelebas Semounaxavs bevri iseTi niSani, romelic dGes aGar dasturdeba. amitomac mo-povebuli masala mniSvnelovania istoriuli dialeqtologii-saTvisac.

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2222. qobuleTur metKvelebaze dakvirvebam gviCvena, rom igi enobriv-dialeqtologiuri TvalsazrisiT sakmaod gansxvavdeba rogorc zemo ayarulisagan, ise qvemoayarulisagan. saKuradGeboa is specifikuri movlenebi, romlebic niSandob-livia mxolod qobuleTurisTvis. moxsenebaSi mxolod piris niSanTa xmarebaze SevCerdebiT.

3333. aGsaniSnavia, rom mxolod qobuleTurisTvisaa niSan-doblivi zmnuri formebi, romlebSic SI piris niSnebi ar das-turdeba (mial, mual; ubnebi `veubnebi~).

4444. qobuleTurSi zmnuri formebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia piris niSanTa moyarbebuli xmareba (daswervida; gahKidi; Semo-syamia; mosyrida; wamoswia).

5555. qobuleTurisTvis tipiuria spirant hhhh-s adgilas xxxx-s xmareba, es im SemTxvevaSic, roca xxxx---- morfologiuri funqciis matarebelia. kerZod SII da OIII piris afiqsia: waxevi; xavda; amoxavs; xolia.

6666. qobuleTurSi namKo ZiriTadsa da namKo usrulSi SIII piris mravlobiTobis gamosaxatavad dasturdeba -es (dajdes; movdes; Civodes; degvekiTxebodes)

7777. mxolobiTi ricxvis SIII piris niSnad namKo ZiriTadSi ----a a a a dasturdeba (muastra; icna).

n i n o J o r b e n a Z en i n o J o r b e n a Z en i n o J o r b e n a Z en i n o J o r b e n a Z e (Tbilisi) saSuali gvaris zmnebi qarTulisaSuali gvaris zmnebi qarTulisaSuali gvaris zmnebi qarTulisaSuali gvaris zmnebi qarTuli enis dialeqtebSienis dialeqtebSienis dialeqtebSienis dialeqtebSi

saliteraturo qarTulSi saSuali gvaris zmnebi Temis

warmoebis mixedviT eqvs Jgufad SeiZleba gavanawiloT; esenia: 1. ----eb Teeb Teeb Teeb TemismismismisniSniSniSniSninininiaaaani forni forni forni formemememebibibibi: : : : yikyikebs, xarxarebs, far-

fatebs, yanyKarebs, kakanebs, JiJGinebs, bryKvialebs, moqmedebs, amTqnarebs;

2. ----ob Teob Teob Teob TemismismismisniSniSniSniSninininiaaaani zmneni zmneni zmneni zmnebibibibi: : : : laparakobs, daraJobs, lo-culobs, curaobs;

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3. ----av Teav Teav Teav TemismismismisniSniSniSniSniT naniT naniT naniT nawarwarwarwarmomomomoeeeebi forbi forbi forbi formemememebibibibi: : : : curavs, Kinavs, sZinavs;

4. ----i Tei Tei Tei TemismismismisniSniSniSniSninininiaaaanenenenebibibibi: : : : midis, kocnis, bardnis; 5. uTeuTeuTeuTemismismismisniSniSniSniSno forno forno forno formemememebibibibi: : : : a) awmKoSi -i gaxmovanebiT: zis,

qris, mGeris, bzuis, icinis, eZaxis, iZaxis; b) awmKoSi gauxmovanebeli: wevs, Tovs, axsovs, uKvars;

qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi Kvela aGniSnuli warmoeba dadasturebulia; amasTan, gvxvdeba rogorc saliteraturo qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli (saerToqarTveluri), ise sa-kuTriv dialeqturi formebi. am ukanasknelTagan SeiZleba da-vasaxeloT:

1. ----eb eb eb eb ((((>>>>----efefefef))))TeTeTeTemismismismisniSniSniSniSninininiaaaani zmneni zmneni zmneni zmnebibibibi: : : : jikjikebs, jrikjrikebs, tatKanebs, bardGalebs, akvarkvalebs, aZanZgalebs;

2. ----ob ob ob ob ((((>>>>----ofofofof))))TeTeTeTemismismismisniSniSniSniSninininiaaaani forni forni forni formemememebibibibi: : : : mGerobs, Kurobs, cixcixofs, Glicinobs, foTarobs, KuKunobs, GruCu-nofs, fxakurofs, yKampalofs, Kuryumalofs, xoli-xofs, forialofs, frinaobs;

3. ----av Teav Teav Teav TemismismismisniSniSniSniSniT naniT naniT naniT nawarwarwarwarmomomomoeeeebi zmnebi zmnebi zmnebi zmnebibibibi:::: krincxavs, jin-jlavs, jrinavs, fTxvinavs, fifqavs, qirslavs, Gvafavs, xoSkaklavs, xrColavs, s-werav;

4. ----i Tei Tei Tei TemismismismisniSniSniSniSninininiaaaaniiniiniinii: : : : imGeris; 5. fufufufuZedZedZedZedrerererekakakakadi fordi fordi fordi formemememebibibibi: : : : igvlevs (glovobs); 6. uTeuTeuTeuTemismismismisninininiSSSSno zmneno zmneno zmneno zmnebibibibi: : : : Cins (Cans); aGsaniSnavia, rom dialeqturi variantebis Sesabamisi

(fuZe-struqturiTa da semantikiT) saliteraturo formebi xSirad sxva TemisniSniT (an uTemisniSnod) iwarmoeba (Sdr.: mGerobs mGerobs mGerobs mGerobs _ mGerismGerismGerismGeris; GruGruGruGruCuCuCuCunobs nobs nobs nobs _ GruGruGruGrututututunebsnebsnebsnebs; krTukrTukrTukrTunams nams nams nams _ krTiskrTiskrTiskrTis; igigigigvlevs vlevs vlevs vlevs _ gloglogloglovobsvobsvobsvobs); zogJer ki maT Soris gvaris mi-xedviTac aris sxvaoba (swerav _ swera).

ikveTeba garkveuli kanonzomierebac: ----eb eb eb eb da, gansakuTre-biT, ----ob ob ob ob TemisniSniani formebis (rogorc wesi, pirveladi mas-darebisagan nawarmoebi; umetesad, fuZegaorkecebuli) siyarbe ufro dasavluri dialeqtebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli; aGmosav-lur (mTis) dialeqtebSi, rogorc araerTxel aGniSnula samec-niero literaturaSi, ----av av av av TemisniSniani formebis (salitera-turo enis ----iaiaiaia-ze daboloebuli statikuri zmnebis Sesabamisi) sixSire iqcevs KuradGebas. am procesebze gavlena saqarTvelos ama Tu im kuTxis mosaxleobis gansxvavebul xasiaTsa da zne-Cve-ulebebsac unda moexdina.